萱草修复石油烃污染土壤的根际机制和根系代谢组学分析_王亚男
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第37卷第5期2016年5月
环境科学ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Vol.37,No.5May ,2016
萱草修复石油烃污染土壤的根际机制和根系代谢组学分析
王亚男,程立娟,周启星
*
(南开大学环境科学与工程学院,环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室/天津市城市生态环境修复与污染防治重点实验室,
天津300071)
摘要:采用温室盆栽方法,研究花卉植物萱草(Hemerocallis middendorfii Trautv.et Mey.)对大港油田石油烃污染土壤的修复,设定的土壤石油烃污染含量为:0、10000和40000mg ·kg -1.结果表明,萱草对石油烃含量≤40000mg ·kg -1具有良好的耐性,并且萱草对石油烃污染土壤中石油烃的修复效果比较显著,主要表现在试验组石油烃的去除率分别为53.7%和33.4%,显著高于空白对照组(31.8%和12.0%).通过GC-MS 测定土壤中的氨基酸、有机酸以及糖类等成分的相对含量,并结合PCA 和PLS-DA 模型探讨了土壤石油烃去除的根际机制.结果发现,萱草的种植确实改变了土壤各成分的分布特征,而且其中喃葡萄糖对石油烃的去除起到关键的作用.此外,对萱草根系代谢组学的分析结果显示,仅在污染组发现了特殊的代谢物丙氨酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸和亚油酸.而且,石油烃的暴露确实改变了萱草根系的初生代谢流,引起了一些代谢物的显著变化.总之,萱草可以种植于石油烃含量≤40000mg ·kg -1的污染土壤,并具备了对石油烃的修复能力;同时石油烃的暴露改变了萱草的根系代谢,
而这种改变可能是萱草对石油烃污染土壤做出的代谢响应.关键词:石油烃;污染土壤;萱草;根际机制;根系;代谢组学分析
中图分类号:X171;X53
文献标识码:A
文章编号:0250-3301(2016)05-1978-08
DOI :10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.05.048
收稿日期:2015-10-04;修订日期:2015-11-15
基金项目:国家高技术研究发展计划(863)重大项目
(2013AA06A205);国家自然科学基金委-广东省联合基
金项目(U1133006)
作者简介:王亚男(1989 ),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为污染
土壤生态修复,
E-mail :ynwang89@163.com *通讯联系人,E-
mail :zhouqx@nankai.edu.cn Rhizospheric Mechanisms of Hemerocallis middendorfii Trautv.et Mey.
Remediating Petroleum-contaminated Soil and Metabonomic Analyses of the
Root Systems
WANG Ya-nan ,CHENG Li-juan ,ZHOU Qi-xing *
(Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education )/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control ,College of Environmental Science and Engineering ,Nankai University ,Tianjin 300071,
China )Abstract :The effects of a special ornamental plant Hemerocallis middendorfii Trautv.et Mey.on remediating petroleum-contaminated
soil from the Dagang Oilfield in Tianjin ,China ,was studied by a greenhouse pot-culture experiment and the gradients of TPHs were 0,
10000and 40000mg ·kg -1
.The results suggested that H.middendorfii had a high tolerance to TPHs (≤40000mg ·kg -1).And H.middendorfii significantly (P <0.05)promoted the removal rate of TPHs (53.7%and 33.4%)compared with corresponding controls (31.8%and 12.0%)by natural degradation ,respectively.The relative abundance of amino acids ,organic acids and sugars and others in soil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS ),and PCA and PLS-DA models were to investigate the
rhizospheric mechanisms.The results suggested that H.middendorfii changed the distribution characteristics of each component in soil ,and the glucopyranoside played a key role in the removal of TPHs.Furthermore ,the results about comparative metabolic profile showed that some special metabolites were only found in the contaminated groups ,including alanine ,tetradecanoic acid ,hexadecanoic acid
and 9,
12-octadecadienoic acid.Additionally ,the exposure of TPHs changed the primary metabolic flux of roots ,and caused the significant (P <0.01)change of metabolites.In conclusion ,H.middendorfii might be an enduring ornamental plant for effective remediating TPHs (≤40000mg ·kg -1)in soil.But the exposure of TPHs had changed the metabolic profile of H.middendorfii in roots ,which might be the metabolic response of H.middendorfii to petroleum-contaminated soil.
Key words :total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs );contaminated soil ;Hemerocallis middendorfii Trautv.et Mey.;rhizospheric mechanism ;root ;metabonomic analyses
土壤的石油烃(total petroleum hydrocarbons ,TPHs )污染是世界性的环境问题之一[1].TPHs 属
于混合物,
主要包括烷烃、芳香烃,以及难降解的沥青质和极性组分
[2]
,对许多组织器官有生物毒性,
特别是其中的一些芳香烃组分,不仅具有强烈的致癌、致畸和致突变毒性,还能通过食物链在动植物体内逐级富集和放大,对人体健康造成严重的威胁
[3]
.在TPHs 污染土壤修复技术中,植物修复是目
前最具潜力的修复技术,
概括来说,就是利用植物及其根际圈微生物体系的吸收、挥发和转化、降解等作用机制来清除污染环境中的污染物质
[4]
.植物修