过去式、过去完成时、现在完成时比较
现在完成时与过去完成时
现在完成时定义（1）强调动作是从过去持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。
（2）强调对现在的影响或结果，此用法容易和一般过去时混淆。
两者的区别是：一般过去时有动作发生的时间点，即过去某一时间发生某一动作；现在完成时则没有，即不强调是哪个时间点发生的动作，而强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。
（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,动作发生在过去，而对现在造成的影响和结果.（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since+时间点或过去时的句子连用.①for+时段为…时间②since+过去一个时间点+时段+ago+从句（过去时）⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）●注：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。
要改变动词1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.现在完成时时间状语如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately,never等: often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等:现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。
W动词的时态(二)现在完成时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时
动词时态1.现在完成时定义：用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而对现在产生了影响: 动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。
也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间标志：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, …-----模糊的时间状语动词形式（结构标志）：have/has（助动词）+done（动词的过去分词形式）1）现在完成时强调动作的完成Where have you been since I saw you?自我上次见你之后，你到哪里去了？Technical innovation has brought about tremendous changes to the plant.技术革新已给该厂带来巨大变化。
2）现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的状态Give me something to eat ,please. I haven’t eaten anything since yesterday.给我点吃的。
我从昨天开始就没有吃任何东西了。
3）现在完成时与特定词语照应这些词包括：since（自从），so far （迄今为止），as yet（迄今为止），over the past···（在过去的······时间里）等等So far we haven’t drawn any conclusion on this matter.至今我们还没有就这件事情得出任何结论。
Over the years, a large number of overseas students have studied at the university.多年以来，有大量国外留学生在那所大学就读。
现在完成时与过去式的区分
通俗一点,现完与现在有关系;一般过与现在没关系.现完不能与表示过去时间的状语连用一般过能与表示过去时间的状语连用现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系,如对现在产生的结果，影响等,而一般过去时则只表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系.所以，表示过去固定时间的状语只能与一般过去时连用,而不能与现在完成时连用.例:Have you ever been to the Forbidden City before?你以前去过故宫吗？Yes,I have.是的，我去过．when did you go there?你什么时候去的？Last week(I went there).上星期(我去的)．又如：I've just seen a horrible accident.我刚刚看见了一件可怕的事故．Oh,what happened?噢，怎么了？A truck ran into a cyclist.一辆卡车撞了一个骑自行车的人．是一般过去时，因为有“刚才”这个时间点。
区别：如果有过去的时间点，注意是“点”，那么用一般过去时。
如果没有状语或状语是一个时间段，如“for 3 years”，而且动作是延续的。
那么用完成时。
如果这个recently表示最近持续的一种状态, 这种状态在继续, 那么显然应该用现在完成时. 比如, I've took care of my poor old dog recently since he is ill. 我最近在照顾我那条生病的老狗. 或者, How are you recently?你最近怎么样? 都表示一种可以持续的状态.如果这个recently指的是现在这个时间点之前发生了的事情, 显然应该用一般过去式.如: I heard about this news recently. 我最近听说这个消息. 听说不是一个持续的动作状态, 要么就听说了, 要么就没听说, 也不能正在听说, 当然用一般过去时.当recently 用来修饰从句时, 同样视这个动词是表示一段持续的状态, 还是一个一过性的动作来确定时态. 比如: I just heard the news that your wife would just gave birth of your first baby recently. 我刚听说你妻子最近给生了你的第一个孩子.再比如: I know you have endured so much recently. 我知道你最近忍受了很多.一般过去式的用法：一般过去式表示过去的动作和状态，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。
现在完成时与过去完成时讲解
与过去完成进行时的区别
过去完成时强调动作发生在过去的过去
过去完成进行时可以表示动作的未完成性
过去完成进行时可以表示动作的重复
过去完成进行时强调动作的持续性和正在进行
常见错误及注意事项
混淆现在完成时与过去完成时
忽略时间状语
与过去时混淆
忽略过去完成时的用法
忽略否定形式：现在完成时的否定形式需要在助动词have/has后加上not。
03
过去完成时
定义与结构
定义：过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或状态
结构：过去完成时由助动词had+过去分词构成，其中had是助动词have的过去式
时间状语：过去完成时常与“by+过去的时间状语”连用，表示在过去的某个时间之前已经完成的动作或状态
结构：have/has + 过去分词。
用法与意义
过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响
过去动作持续到现在，并可能继续下去
表达感情、状态、能力等
用于时间状语从句中
与一般过去时的区别
语境：现在完成时更常用于描述现在的状态、结果或影响，与现在的生活、工作、学习等密切相关；一般过去时则更常用于描述过去的具体事件、经历等。
表达方式：现在完成时通常用“have/has+过去分词”的形式表达；一般过去时则用“动词过去式”表达。
常见错误及注意事项
忽略时间状语：现在完成时需要使用表示现在或过去时间的状语，如"已经"、"刚刚"等。
混淆时态：现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，要注意区分。
忽略助动词have/has：现在完成时需要使用助动词have/has，不能省略。
过去式、过去完成时、现在完成时比较
2. better than
√ A. play B. will play C. played
D. are playing
2. Mr. Black is going to marry a girl he
_________ in Japan last year.
√ A. meets B. met
C. has met D. would meet
我先走了 Ann猜到的 都是在过去 所以是过去的过去
一、一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较。
1. “一般过去时”所关心的是过去之事,与现在无联系，常带有 表示过去某个时间的状语；现在完成时所关心的是过去发生 的事，对现在产生某种结果，强调过去与现在的联系。
——I _h_a_v_e_l_o_s_t(lose) my pen. Can you lend me yours?
---Yes, he did. He ______his old friends for a long time.
A. didn’t see B. couldn’t see
√C. hadn’td 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 I had learned 1000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
Consolidation
1. Paul and I ________ tennis yesterday. He did much
4.---The window is dirty. [广西]
---I know. It ________ for weeks.
A. hasn't cleaned B. didn't clean
英语时态：现在完成时和现在完成进行时区别、过去完成时与现在完成时区别
现在进行时和现在完成进行时区分：区分 have done 和 have been doing,我们需要从两个方面来讨论：一、完成时态和完成进行时态本身意义的差别；二、要结合动词的不同延续特点.首先我们来看两种时态的意义差别两者根本区别是：完成进行时强调动作持续的过程(emphasis on duration), 完成时强调动作的结果或成就 (emphasis on achievement).具体来讲 ,现在完成进行时have been doing 强调的是在一段时期内某项活动的持续性,强调的是动作本身.现在完成时have done 则是强调动作产生的结果或取得的成就,而不是动作本身.二者的这种区别我们从下面的这些例句可以很好地领悟到： (2) a. My hands are very dirty. I ’ ve been painting the house. b. I have painted the house green. The house was white, but now it ’s green.思维分析：句a 中 have been painting 表示 painting 动作一直在持续 ,活动还没有结束 ,所以才有 my hands are very dirty 这样的现状 .句 a 意思是“我的手很脏,我现在一直在给房间刷漆”.句 b 中 have painted 表示 painted 动作已经结束 ,而且动作导致的结果是the house was white, but now it ’ s green 房间现在是绿色的了.现在完成时表示动作业已完成, 而完成进行时却不一定如此I ’ve made a cake. 我做了一个蛋糕.（已做好）I ’ve been making a cake. 我一直在做一个蛋糕. （不一定做好了She’ s painted a picture. 她画了一幅画 .（已画好）She’ s been painting a picture. 她在画一幅画 .（可能还没画好）强调时间长度用完成进行时比较好：I’ve been coughing all night.我咳了一整夜.（比I ’ve coughed all night.更能强调咳得久）All the time she ’s been sitting there in silence.她一直静坐在那里.All these years we ’ve been trying to get in touch with him.这些年来我们一直在设法和他联系.许多静态动词都只能用于完成时而不能用于完成进行时：I ’ve known that for a long time.这事我已经知道很久了.The strike has lasted six months. 这次罢工已经持续了 6 个月 .Nobody has seen him since last week. 从上周起就没人见到过他.raise in salary all the time.他一直盼着加薪.但当意思发生转变时也可能用于完成进行时：I ’ve been thinking of doing so for a long time.我好久以来一直想这样做.Tom has been seeing about a work permit for you.汤姆一直在设法帮你取得工作许可证.有少数动词用两种时态都可以,意思差别不大,如：They have been working very well this term.这学期他们学习很好. They have worked very well this term.It has been raining for two hours.下了两个小时的雨. It has rained for two hours.过去完成时一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点即“过去的过概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，去（ past-in-the-past ）”。
过去时与现在完成时的区别
1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。
说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对"现在"产生的影响。
如：He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。
(只说明去桂林的时间)2. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。
不与确定的过去时间状语连用。
如：Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。
(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑)3. 两种时态的区分(1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是"助动词have /has +过去分词"。
如：(2)一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。
如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等；而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段时间的状语连用。
看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？①Have you seen the film?(A)Did you see the film?(B)[说明] 你看过这部电影吗？(A)句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；(B)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。
②How has he done it?(A)How did he do it?(B)[说明]他是怎么做的这件事？(A)句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；(B)句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。
③He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)[说明]他在北京住了8年。
(A)句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。
高三英语过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时、将来进行时
课后作业一、真题演练：单句语法1. When I die, I ____________(give) everything to you.2. That was definitely not an attractive idea, so I politely declined her invitation, .____________(close) m y book and walked away.3. His fear of failure __________(keep) him from classroom games that other students played with joyousabandon.4. _______________(speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary,5. _____________(complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.6.It was raining lightly when I___61___ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.7. This cycle 48 (go) day after day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.8. In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It 61 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.9. Be patient！Tai Chi 66 (call) “shadow boxing” in English.It asks you to act like water：10.Unless some extra money (find)，the theatre will close11.When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 46 (cool) the house during the hot day；at the same time，they warm up again for the night.12. In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house wi thout 44 (use) electric equipment.13. The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 41 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.二、单选题1. When I was young, I ________ with my grandma in the countryside, which is unforgettable.A. livedB. have livedC. was livedD. had lived2. –Excuse me, is the book Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell available now?-Sorry, but it _________ so well that we don’t have any in store.A. sellsB. is soldC. has soldD. has been sold3. The tourism of Linyi _________ rapid growth over the last decade. Now it’s the second most visited city in Shandong Province.A. sawB. had seenC. is seeingD. has seen4. Great changes _____place in my hometown during the past three decades.A. tookB. have takenC. were takenD. have been taken5．Leave me alone. I ________ an article all the afternoon and haven’t finished yet.A. writeB. have been writingC. have writtenD. wrote6. When the power of love _______ the love of power, the world will likely be in peace.A. overcomesB. will overcomeC. is overcomingD. overcame7. Mr. Black ________ Shanghai in a few days. Shall we have a party?A. leavesB. is leavingC. leftD. has left8. –Look, it _________ again.–Yeah. This is the third snow we __________ this spring.A. will snow, are havingB. has snowed, had hadC. is snowing, have hadD. snows, have had9. Mr. White ____ in our school for nearly forty years before he retired last month.A. workedB. has workedC. had workedD. would work10. The project ________ to developing the economy and reducing poverty when it is completed.A. has contributedB. had been contributedC. will contributeD. is contributed11. Nelson Mandela __________ peacefully at his Johannesburg home on Thursday, President Jacob Zuma said.A. diesB. diedC. has diedD. was died12. –I thought you _____________ for vacation tomorrow.-I had planned, but I have a very important meeting to attend tomorrow.A. will leaveB. are leavingC. have leftD. were leaving13. Our manager ________for Shanghai in a few days and he has asked me to find out when the earliest plane ________ next Wednesday.A. is leaving, takes offB. will leave, is taking offC. leaves, will take offD. is to leave, is going to take off14. I’m calling about the apartment you ______the other day .Could you tell me more about it?A .advertised B. had advertised C. were advertising D. will advertise15. Whenever you______a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.A. boughtB. have boughtC. will buyD. buy16. I walked slowly through the market, where people ______ all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.A. sellB. were sellingC. had soldD. have sold17. The twins, who _______ their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.A. will finishB. finishC. have finishedD. had finished18. The journey was tiring! All the seats in the train _______. I had to stand all the way.A. were occupiedB. would be occupiedC. would occupyD. had occupied19. Yesterday afternoon, I ______my homework when Mary called.A. had doneB. was doingC. would doD. am doing20. Close the door of fear behind you, and you ______ the door of faith open before you.A. sawB. have seenC. will seeD. are seeing21. Tommy is planning to buy a car. By next month ,he____ enough for a used one.A. saves B .saved C. will save D. will have saved22. She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _____ everything!A. had been eatingB. had eatenC. have eatenD. have been eating23. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______ so far by the two sides.A. has been reachedB. was reachedC. will reachD. will have reached24. More expressways _______in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.A. are being builtB. will be builtC. have been builtD. had been built25 After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it _____.A. was decoratedB. had decoratedC. had been decoratingD. was being decorated三、语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
现在完成时与过去时的区别
现在完成时与过去时的区别简介现在完成时和过去时是英语中两种常用的时态形式，它们用来描述动作或状态的发生时间。
虽然它们都可以表示过去的事件，但这两种时态有一些明显的区别。
本文将对现在完成时和过去时的区别进行详细介绍。
现在完成时形式现在完成时是由"have/has + 过去分词"构成，例如：- I have finished my homework.- She has studied English for five years.用法现在完成时常用来表达以下几种情况：1. 过去某个时间点开始的动作一直延续到现在，如"I have lived in this city for ten years."（我已经在这个城市住了十年了）。
2. 表示过去某个时间内发生的动作对现在产生的影响，如"I have lost my key."（我把钥匙弄丢了）。
3. 用来表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或者是现在状态，如"I have finished my homework."（我已经完成作业了）。
过去时形式过去时是表示过去发生的动作或状态的时态形式，根据动词的不同变化形式也不同，例如：- I studied English last night.- She went to the park yesterday.用法过去时常用来描述以下几种情况：1. 描述过去的事件或动作，如"I studied English last night."（我昨晚研究了英语）。
2. 描述过去经常或惯性发生的动作，如"I used to visit my grandparents every weekend."（我过去每个周末都去看望我的祖父母）。
3. 表示过去某个时间点的状态或动作，如"She felt tired yesterday."（昨天她感到疲倦）。
英语时态总共有16种
英语时态总共有16种，但是常见的9种，常用8种时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式．英语动词有16种时态，但是常见的只有九种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时，过去将来时，现在完成进行时。
常用的时态只有八种。
一：一般现在时的用法1..概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理．句中常用always, usually, often, sometimes, every we ek (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays等时间状语。
例如：He goes to school every day．(经常性动作)He is very happy．(现在的状态)The earth moves around the sun．(真理)2)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来．例如：If you come this afternoon，we' ll have a meeting．When I graduate，I’ll go to the countryside.3)有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作，(句中都带有时间状语)但限于少数动词如begin，come，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close等．例如：The meeting begins at seven.The train starts at nine in the morning．4)表示状态和感觉的动词，如be，like，hate，think，remember，find，sound等常用一般现在时．例如：I like English very much.The story sounds very interesting.5)书报的标题，小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时．2.基本结构：动词原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加（e）S）。
过去将来时,过去完成时,现在完成时和一般过去式的区别
5. was / were +现在分词：表示在过去看来即将发生的动作。如： Jack said he was leaving tomorrow. 杰克说他打算明天动身。 She didn’t say whether she was coming to lunch. 她没有说她是否来吃午饭。 注意：并不是所有动词都具有这样的用法，通常可用于该句型中动词是come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy等瞬间动词。
3. was / were to + 动词原形：主要表示过去按计划或安排要做的事情。如： He asked where he was to put it. 他问他该把它放在哪里。 She said she was to get married next month. 她说她计划在下个月结婚。
4. was / were about to + 动词原形：表示在过去看来即将要发生的动作，由于本身已含有 “即将”的意味，所以不再表示具体的过去时间状语连用。如： I was about to go to bed when the phone rang. 电话铃响时我正好要上床睡。 I couldn’t go to Tom’s party as I was about to go into hospital. 我就要住院，所以不能 参加汤姆办的晚会了。
（2）. 涉及将来时间的虚拟条件：即条件从句所涉及的内容是将来的不真实情况，或很 可能是将来的不真实情况，此时从句的谓语一般过去时(be通常用were)，或用should+动 词原形，或用were to+动词原形，而主句谓语用“would+动词原形”（当然根据情况也 可用should, might, could）。如： If it rained tomorrow, we’d stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。 If you took a taxi, you’d get there quicker. 如果你叫一辆出租汽车，你就会快点儿到那 儿。 第一句所表示的实际情况是：估计明天会天晴，所以我们侍在家里的可能性不大；第二 句所表示的实际情况是：你不愿叫出租车，所以你不能较快到达。 Exercise was leaving 1 She said the bus _____________(leave) at five the next morning.
过去完成时现在完成时一般过去式的区别
2.He had nearly forgotten about the s的事忘了。 他差不多把鞋的事忘了。
3.We had not finished it when he came back.
他回来时我们还没有完成。 他回来时我们还没有完成。
4.Had you finished the work when he came back?
5).I didn’t know the way to John’s house because I hadn’t been/wasn’t there before. hadn’t been 6). “Was Tom there when you arrived?” “Yes, but he had gone/ went home soon afterwards.” went
bought 5.They ____________(buy) a house on the island in 1987 and they __________ (live) there since then. have lived had done 6. Andrew __________ (do) the test before,so he found it very easy. 7.There was a car by the side of the road, It had broken(break) down. _________ stopped So we ________ (stop) to see if we could help.
2、Fill in the blanks with 、 correct tenses.
1）.Film maker David ） has been Morris_________ (be) interested in the cinema since he ______ (be) was a small child. 2）.The studentshad caught (catch) ___________ ） the thief before the policemen came.
现在完成时与过去完成时：时间参照点的差异
现在完成时与过去完成时：时间参照点的差异
现在完成时和过去完成时在英语时态中有所不同，主要体现在以下方面：1.时间参照点：现在完成时以现在的时间为基点，强调过去发生的动作对现
在造成的影响或结果。
而过去完成时则以过去的时间为基点，更强调“过去的过去”，即在一个过去的动作或时间点之前已经完成的动作。
2.结构：现在完成时的结构是“助动词have (has) + 过去分词”，而过去完
成时的结构是“had + 过去分词”。
3.用途：现在完成时通常用于描述过去发生的动作对现在的影响或结果，或
者用于表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的情况。
而过去完成时则更多用于描述在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作，以突出该动作与另一个过去动作或时间点的关系。
例如，比较以下两个句子：
●现在完成时：I have already posted the photos. （我已经发布了照片。
这表示发布照片的动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响，即照片已经发布出去。
）
●过去完成时：By the time he arrived, she had already finished her
homework. （当他到达时，她已经完成了作业。
这表示“完成作业”的动作发生在“他到达”这一过去时间点之前。
）
总结来说，现在完成时和过去完成时的区别主要在于时间参照点、结构以及用途。
现在完成时侧重于过去动作对现在的影响或结果，而过去完成时则更强调在一个过去的动作或时间点之前已经完成的动作。
现在完成时态与过去时态的区别
现在完成时态与过去时态的区别1. 意义上的区别一般过去时态只是单纯地表示过去某一时间发生过的动作或者存在的状态, 和现在没有任何联系, 只着眼于过去.现在完成时态重点强调与现在的联系, 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果, 属于现在时的范畴.试比较下列例句:I have washed my shoes . 我刷过鞋了.强调的是过去的某一时间发生的动作"洗" 对现在产生的影响是" 鞋是干净的" .I washed my shoes yesterday . 我昨天刷了鞋.强调昨天做过"洗" 这个动作, 与现在鞋是否干净没有关系.My father has bought a new car . 我爸爸买了一辆新车.强调在过去的某一时间发生的动作"买" , 对现在造成的结果是" 他有了一辆新车".My father bought a new car last Sunday . 我爸爸上个周日买了一辆新车.强调上个周日"买" 这个动作发生过, 与爸爸现在是否有车无关. 也许这辆车是给别人的.2. 时间状语的区别一般过去时态只能与表示过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday, last week, three years ago, in 1990 , just now 等.现在完成时态中的时间状语表达的时间是到现在为止. 如: just 刚刚, before 以前, "since / ever since +过去时间 " 自从...... 开始, ever 曾经, never 从未, 未曾, "already" 已经 , " for + 时间段"已有多长时间了. in the last/ past ten years 在过去的十年里, so far 到目前为止. up to now 直到现在, this week 这个星期等等.二者的根本区别在于过去时强调事实，常有具体的时间状语标志，如，yesterday/5.oclock/this morning,just now,ago etc---,examples:1.I met her a week ago.2.We have a English class this morning.而完成时有两种用法或意义1，影响性：也是一个过去动作但却强调它对现在的影响,没具体时间点作时间状语，但常有，already,yet,before,just作状语。
高中英语时态总结
高中英语时态总结英语时态是英语语法中的一个重要部分，掌握好英语时态对于英语语法的整体掌握至关重要。
作为学习英语基础中的重点内容，它们可以帮助我们明确一个句子或一段话所描述的动作发生的时间和状态。
下面我们来对高中英语时态总结一下，希望对大家有所帮助。
一、现在时态1. 简单现在时表示现在的状态或行为，或者频繁发生的事情。
基本结构：主语 + 动词原形或第三人称单数形式 + 其他补充例如：My sister and I go to school every day.2. 现在进行时表示现在正在发生的动作，或者表示不长时间的未来。
基本结构：主语 + be 动词 + 现在分词 + 其他补充例如：The children are playing with the ball inthe garden now.3. 现在完成时表示过去完成的动作对现在的影响或状态。
基本结构：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他补充例如：I have finished my homework, so I can goand play now.4. 现在完成进行时表示开始于过去并且一直持续到现在的动作。
基本结构：主语 + have/has been + 现在分词 + 其他补充例如：I have been learning English for ten years.二、过去时态1. 简单过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作。
基本结构：主语 + 过去式 + 其他补充例如：I studied math for three hours yesterday.2. 过去进行时表示一个过去的持续状态或动作正在进行着，其中常常带有"when"或"during"或"while"等时间状语。
基本结构：主语 + was/were + 现在分词 + 其他补充例如：They were talking on the phone while I was cooking dinner.3. 过去完成时表示在过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作。
一般过去式和过去完成时以及现在完成时
Past Perfect
1. We use Past Perfect to talk about an event or situation in the past which happened before other past events. Before my father moved to America, he had never met a foreigner.
一动作之前完成的动作或状态。强调过去 某一动作发生在另一动作之前。
He said that he had met you before.
By six o’clock they had worked for eight hours.
2. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后 的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
例如： I have lived here since I was born.
过去完成时标志词 three days before, by the end of last year 例： I had finished my training by the end of last year.
Past Simple: an event in the past
Before their father took them to a cinema in 1955, they hadn't seen a movie. We hadn't even arrived at the airport when our plane took off.
(完整)语法--现在完成时和过去完成时地区别
语法—-——现在完成时和过去完成时的区别1.从结构上区别现在完成时：主语 + have / has + 过去分词（肯定式）主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词 (否定式)Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词（疑问式）过去完成时：主语 + had + 过去分词（肯定式)主语 +had + not + 过去分词（否定式）Had + 主语 + 过去分词（疑问式）2。
从时间状语区别现在完成时：常用的时间状语包括“now, today, tonight， this week, this year， already, yet, just， recently…etc”。
过去完成时：常用的时间状语包括“by, at， before等构成的短语"。
注意:当表示一段时间，现在完成时和过去完成时都可以用for 或since引导的状语.例如：Have you had your lunch yet？你吃午饭了吗？Yes， I have . I've just had it。
是的，我刚吃完.I have had a clock now。
我现在有一个闹钟了。
Have you already posted the photos? 你把照片寄走了吗?The meeting had begun when we got there。
我们到那儿时，会议已经开始了。
We had learned about 5000English words by the end of last term。
到上学期末我们已经学了5000个英语单词。
They had done the work at five o’clock. 在五点钟的时候他们已经完成了那项工作。
I’ve known Li Lei for three years。
我认识李蕾已经三年了。
I have worked here since ten years ago。
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二、一般过去式与过去完成时的区别。 一般过去时与现在相比，强调“过去”， 过去完成时则与过去相比，强调“过去的过去”。
Comparing
started The meeting _________(start) at six o'clock.
(start的动作发生在at six o‘clock,而at six 在过去)
一、一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较。
1. “一般过去时”所关心的是过去之事,与现在无联系， 常带有表示过去某个时间的状语；现在完成时所关 心的是过去发生的事，对现在产生某种结果，强调 过去与现在的联系。 lost ——I have ________(lose) my pen. Can you lend me yours? ——Why don't you buy one? fell ——It _______(fall) into the river only a moment ago when I washed my hands. Now I've got to fill in a form with a pen.
教学目标 :
1.明白一般过去式、现在完成时、过去完成时三 种时态的区别
2.会根据语境灵活运用
教学步骤：
1.通过展示这三种时态的定义和例句，让学生学 前感知这三种时态 2.三种时态放在一起，运用对比的形式让学生掌 握其用法 3.通过“强化练习题”，让学生进行知识随堂巩 固，学会在语境中运用，同时教师也可了解学 生的掌握情况，从而进一步指导教学。
I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 I had learned 1000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
________ tennis yesterday. He did much better than me. A. play B. will play C. played D. are playing 2. Mr. Black is going to marry a girl he______ in Japan last year. A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet
√
√
4.---The window is dirty. [广西]
---I know. It ________ for weeks. A. hasn't cleaned B. didn't clean C. wasn't cleaned D. hasn't been cleaned 5.---Did Mary enjoyed seeing his old friends yesterday? ---Yes, he did. He ______his old friends for a long time. A. didn’t see B. couldn’t see
had started start) when we The meeting ___________(
arrived at the hall.
(start的动作发生在过去的动作arrived之前。)
三、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时:侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响， 与现在有关。 过去完成时则强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去 某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。 Examples
2. 现在完成时与for或since引起的短语连用时， 表达从过去开始的动作或状态延续至今，而一 般过去时与“for＋一段时间”连用时，只指 过去的动作或状态在过去延续了多长时间。
have stayed (stay) here for three We ___________ weeks. I think we are going to stay another two weeks.（说话时人还在） stayed He __________(stay) here for three weeks last year.（并不表示现在是否在）
√
C. hadn’t seen √
D. hasn’t seen
6. they became friends again that day.
Until then, they_______to each other for nearly two years. A. didn't speak C. haven't spoken
1 过去时:发生在过去的动作 (动作开始和结束都在过去) I walked to school yesterday。 2 现在完成时: 1) 动作的完成或者影响 I have spent all of my money. (含义是:现在我没有 钱花了.) 2) 动作的持续 I have lived in Zibo for ten years 我已经在淄博住了十年
√ B. hadn't spoken
D. haven't been speaking
3 过去完成时:
过去的过去: 1) 完成和影响 2) 持续
1)I had already left when Ann arrived.
当Ann到的时候 我已经走了。过去的过去
2) He had lived in Zibo for ten years before he left for BJ last year. 他在去年去北京之前已经在淄博呆了十年