科技论文英文摘要写作方法

Writing the Paper (写作开始) ___ 1. Develop the final outline; test your outline ___ 2. Prepare to write: ___ a. put your note cards in the order that your outline is in ___ b. consider your (real and imagined) readers and how their expectations may affect your tone and style ___ 3. Write the rough draft ___ 4. Check your documentation carefully ___ 5. Revise and rewrite ___ 6. Check the format of the text, citations, notes, and bibliography ___ 7. Proofread
b. 动名词短语
* Understanding the Development and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes in Youth 青春期II 型糖尿病的发生和预防措施研究
•Preventing stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation •房颤患者中风预防 * Screening for environmental tobacco smoke exposure among inner-city children with asthma.
a. 名词短语（N+ Preposition）
* Blindness after treatment of malignant hypertension 恶性高血压治疗后的视觉缺失（研究）
* Self-access English Learning in web environment 网络环境下的自主英语学习
(次类动词接动名词/名词，还有：admit, avoid, appreciate, deny, escape, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, postpone, practice, recollect, understand, suggest, etc.)
* Home or Hospital Birth? * Is the treatment of borderline hypertension good or bad?
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Gathering Data (材料收集) ___ 1. Compile the working bibliography ___ 2. Prepare the bibliography on cards in correct form (3" x 5" cards) ___ 3. Begin extensive work in the library reference room; be sure to check: ___ a. general bibliographies ___ b. trade bibliographies ___ c. indexes (books and collections, literature in periodicals, newspaper indexes, pamphlet indexes) ___ d. library electronic catalogue
d. 副标题的应用
* Abnormal pain in the emergency room: 176 consecutive cases
腹痛急诊连续176例研究 *Quality of inpatient care for asthma: challenges and
opportunities. 哮喘住院病人护理质量调查:面临的挑战和机遇
1) The Paper Title
翻译论文的英文标题应注意以下四点： (1）不能按汉语的语序逐字对照翻译，
应按英语的表达方式用名词短语表达， 一般不用完整的句子。
(2) 标题应力求简练，实词10个左右，省 略没有实际意义的词，如：the study of 研究, the investigation of成果调查, the observation of观察, the research of研 究, the analysis of分析, the comparison of比较,等。如果标题过长， 可以分出一部分作为副标题。
* Secondary prevention of primary liver cancer : Randomized controlled prospective study 原发性肝癌二级预防的随机分组前瞻性研究
* Essential fatty acids in full term infants fed breast milk or formula
(3) 尽量避免用缩写词，因为英文缩写词 太多，容易使读者费解。国外核心学术期 刊中，对缩写词的使用非常谨慎，第一次 出现必须先写全名，缩写附后加括号。国 外学术期刊论文标题使用缩写的情况不占 1%，而我国学术期刊中论文标题用缩写 词的却达10%以上，这也是不能与国际接 轨的一个方面。
(4）标题中常用的介词有 of（表示动宾 关系，所属关系，或同位关系）, on （表示对…的作用或影响）, in（在某范 围或人群中）, with（患有某种疾病）, for（其目的或以便…）等。
* Utility of lumbar puncture for first simple febrile seizure among children 6 to 18 months of age.
* Effects of the accreditation council for graduate medical education duty-hour limits on sleep, work hours, and safety.
(5) 利用检索工具统计分析医学论文英文标题
利用Wordsmith 及Range 32等对所收集的2000个 论文标题进行统计分析，得到具体数据如下： 总形符19475个，标题平均长度为9.72个词，平 均词长为5.59个字母。其中American Journal of Medicine中出现重复标题4个，Annals of Internal Medicine重复标题有41个，Archives of Internal Medicine没有重复标题，British Medical Journal 上有10个重复的标题。
• 足月婴儿母乳喂养和配方喂养必需脂肪酸 对比研 究
*Recently trained general pediatricians: perspectives on
residency training and scope of practice.
* Evaluation and management of the infant exposed to HIV-1 in the United States.
Taking Notes (做好记录)
___ 1. Develop a preliminary outline ___ 2. Evaluate your source material; which is primary material and which is secondary material? ___ 3. Begin note-taking on cards (4" x 6" cards) ___ 4. Avoid plagiarism(剽窃)
* Diabetes Mellitus: New Diagnostic Criteria 糖尿病新的诊断标准
e．其它句式 * On Controlling Rectal Cancer 关于控制直肠癌的探讨
*Biologists of China are also considering strengthening the research on biodiversity
c. 名词并wk.baidu.com结构
* Malignant Hypertension and Cigarette smoking
恶性高血压与抽烟 相关性研究
•Gastroesophageal reflux and cow’s milk allergy in infants: A prospective study
婴儿胃食管返流与牛奶过敏 有关的前瞻性研究
下表 医学论文英文标题中频率最高的前10个词
2020/7/9
由于论文标题一般由名词词组组成，所以比较 多地使用介词。论文标题中使用最多的介词有
of (表示动宾关系，所属关系，或性质特征等) in/ among(在某范围中或人群中) for (作为…，对于) with (患有某种疾病，用某种研究方法,搭配需要等) on (表示对⋯的作用、影响，关于)等 To (词语搭配需要,如 related to, )
Components of Research Paper
Title
Key Words
Authors’ Name Authors’ Affiliation
Body
Abstract
References
A Step-by-Step Procedure
The Preliminaries (前期准备) ___ 1. Choose a topic ___ 2. Begin preliminary reading ___ 3. Restrict the subject ___ 4. Develop a preliminary thesis statement
检索19475个词, of 共出现1038次，分析以下各行 中of 的使用
1 during cardiac surgery. 4: 5: 6: Management of venous thrombo-. 2 for acute and chronic low back pain: a review of the evidence fo 3 for an American Pain Society/American College of Physicians 4 for acute and chronic low back pain: a review of the evidence for an 5 American Pain Society/American College of Physicians clinical 6 guideline. 13: Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain: a joint 7 practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and 8 geriatric medicine. 15: Cost-effectiveness of screening and 9 growth factor in determining the cause of obstructive cholestasis. 10 of obstructive cholestasis. 17: Validity of models for predicting
第1、2、4、6行均为动宾关系，其共同特征为 前边有一个由动词变化而来的名词。第3、5、7、 8、9、10均为所属关系。 介词 in 的使用频率仅次于介词 of，共出现 724次，后面跟人群，患者，疾病的范围或者指 某一方面或部位。
英汉论文标题对比
学术论文的标题一般有短语构成，如 名词短语、动名词短语、介词短语等。 少数也有完整的句子，以陈述句居多， 间或有疑问句。