女性主义英文介绍

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Writers such as Virginia Woolf are associated with the ideas of the First Wave of feminism. In her book A Room of One's Own, Woolf "describes how men socially and psychically dominate women". The argument of the book is that "women are simultaneously victims of themselves as well as victims of men and are upholders of society by acting as mirrors to men".She recognizes the social constructs that restrict women in society and uses literature to contextualize it for other women.
Feminism
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Questions for you!
How would you define it as an ideology意识形态? What comes to mind when you think of the word “feminism”?
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contents
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Defination and Theory The Feminist Movement Types of Feminisms
What is Feminism?
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Feminism
Feminism is a collection of movements aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights for women. In addition, feminism seeks to establish equal opportunities for women in education and employment.
The key event:《The Feminine Mystique》


Women should speak out her feelings: In addition to her husband, children and families, I would like to get more. “女性应该大胆地说出 自己的心声:除了丈夫、 孩子和家庭，我还想得 到更多。”
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The movement's history has gone through three waves, beginning in the 18th century. First-wave was oriented around the station of middle or upper-class white women, and involved suffrage and political equality. Second-wave feminism attempted to further combat social and cultural inequalities. Third-wavefeminism starting in 1980 to early includes renewed campaigning for women’s greater influence in politics.
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Men feminist
Karl Marx 卡尔· 亨利希· 马克思
Henrik Johan Ibsen 亨利克· 约翰· 易卜生
胡适
History
The terms "feminism" or "feminist" first appeared in France and The Netherlands in 1872 (as les fé ministes), Great Britain in the 1890s, and the United States in 1910. The Oxford English Dictionary lists 1894 for the first appearance of "feminist" and 1895 for "feminism".The UK Daily News first introduced "feminist" to the English language, importing it from France and branding it as dangerous. "What our Paris Correspondent describes as a 'Feminist' group... in the French Chamber of Deputies".Prior to that time, "Woman's Rights" was probably the term used most commonly, hence Queen Victoria's description of this "mad, wicked folly of 'Woman's Rights'".
The influences of the second women’s movement

The movement encouraged women to understand aspects of their personal lives as deeply politicized, and reflective of a sexist 性别歧视者structure of power. If first-wavers focused on absolute rights such as suffrage, second-wavers were largely concerned with other issues of equality, such as the end to discrimination.
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Feminist theory
Feminist theory emerged from these feminist movements and includes general theories and theories about the origins of inequality, and, in some cases, about the social construction of sex and gender, in a variety of disciplines. Feminist activists have campaigned for women's rights—such as in contract, property, and voting—while also promoting women's rights to bodily integrity and autonomy自治权 and reproductive rights生育权. They have opposed domestic violence, sexual harassment性骚扰, and sexual assault性侵犯. In economics, they have advocated for workplace rights, including equal pay and opportunities for careers and to start businesses.
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The Feminist Movement
(also known as the Women's Movement, Women's Liberation, or Women's Lib) refers to a series of campaigns for reforms on issues such as reproductive rights, domestic violence, maternity leave, equal pay, voting rights, sexual harassment, and sexual violence. The goals of the movement vary from country to country, e.g. opposition to female genital cutting女性生殖器切割 in Sudan, or to the glass ceiling玻璃天花板 in Western countries.
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The influences of the fire Feminism (also called Modern Feminism)
The second wave (1960s-1980s) dealt with the inequality of laws as well as cultural inequalities. The key event that marked the reemergence （再度出现 ）of this movement in the postwar战后的 era was the surprise popularity of Betty Friedan's 1963 book The Feminine Mystique
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Feminists
Feminists are persons of either sex, or females only (in which case males may be profeminists), who believe in feminism. A feminist is "an advocate or supporter of the rights and equality of women".
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An ideology 意思形态 that “opposes the political, economic, and cultural relegation贬低 of women to positions of inferiority自卑.” Simply put, feminism affirms women’s equality with men, and rejects patriarchy父权 制.
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The First Wave Feminism



The first wave refers to the movement of the 19th through early 20th centuries (1900s– 1920s), which dealt mainly with suffrage（投 票权选举权）,working conditions and educational rights for women and girls. Leader ： Elizabeth Cady Stanton（伊丽莎 白· 凯迪· 斯坦顿 ） Purpose ： equal political, intellectual and economic rights to women Achievement：International Women's Day has been observed (创始于1910年）
Social Impact

“It ignited（点燃） the contemporary（同时 代的 ）women's movement in 1963 and as a result permanently transformed the social fabric组织 of the United States and countries around the world.” ---- New York Times