医学英语论文资料
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黄帝内经中六气致病论的英语翻译探讨
摘要:“Huangdi Neijing ”, the bible of TCM, has profound and obscure language as well as ancient and abundant rhetoric devices. It is not only a Medical literature, but also a model of the ancient medical about Chinese rhetoric wield.There are also significant differences in the contents of the text and differences in the factors such as the translator’s linguistic and education background, translation skills, target readers and initiators of the translation. The application of pluralistic ancient-Chinese rhetoric devices make its English difficult. To better understand the effects of translator’s subjectivity on translation, original sentences of Huangdi Neijing and their English equivalence were picked out. The English Sentences were compared between different versions and their differences were analyzed based on the theory of translator’s subjectivity.
关键词:黄帝内经英译比较六气
中医药是我国传统文化的瑰宝,长期以来为中华民族的繁衍生息做出了不朽的贡献。在人们日益追求绿色环保回归自然的今天,中医药更是以其神奇的疗效绿色天然及较小的毒副作用在世界范围越来越得到重视和认
可。中医日益走向国际化,中医翻译事业也随之日益繁荣。
《黄帝内经》是我国现存最早的系统完整的医学典籍,集中反映了我国上古时代至秦汉时期的主要医学成就,奠定了中医的理论基础。目前已有多个英译本,是研究中医翻译的主要素材。
《黄帝内经》翻译从1925开始,到2005年正式出版过11个英译本。其中《黄帝内经》全译本4部,节译本3部,编译本4部。这些译本产生于不同的历史时期,由不同背景的译者翻译,译本之间差异巨大,反映了中医古籍英译事业的发展进程。译者中有的是在读博士的医史学家,如美国的Ilza Veith;有的是出身中医世家,在美国从事中医临床教学的中医师,如吴氏父子Maoshing Ni;有的是比较严肃的医学学者,如文树德和李照国等译本内容也不尽相同,有节译、选译、摘译、编译等不同译本。总体而言,《内经》英译已经从规定性研究发展至描写性研究,从纯理论研究发展至具体文本研究,从语料研究微观的符号层面发展至宏观的语篇研究。随着翻译理论的不断发展和完善,《内经》英译事业最终会出现高潮,为中医典籍英译奠定一定理论和实践基础。
而今现有的译本有:Dawson节译的《素问》(1925);美国医史学家Ilza Veith《素问》前34章的英译本The
Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine(1949);广州孙逸仙医学院院长黄雯医师《素问》前2章的译文Nei Ching, the Chinese Canon of Medicine(1950);加拿大人哼利·C陆(Henry C. Lu)《内经》和《难经》的合译本《内、难经全集》(1978);美国华裔中医师Maoshing Ni的《素问》编译本The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Medicine (1995);李照国教授的《素问》全译本Huangdi Neijing –Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine(2005)等等。
《黄帝内经》分为《素问》和《灵枢》两部分,其主要内容包括:整体观念、阴阳五行、藏象经络、病因病机、诊法治则、预防养生和运气学说等等。而本文主要研究的是“六气致病论”,所谓六气就是指风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火,另外,内经里说:“夫百病之生也,皆生于风寒暑湿燥火,以之化之变”。由于译者的背景知识结构的不同、双语能力的差异、翻译策略的不同,还有《黄帝内经》本身运用了大量的修辞手法,这些因素都给其翻译带来了巨大的困难和差异,下面我将举例来分析不同人对六气治病论翻译的差异:
例1:风盛则动,热盛则肿,燥盛则干,寒盛则,湿盛则濡泻李本:Predominance of wind causes tremor [of the limbs] predominance of heat produces swelling, predominance of dryness lends to desiccation predominance of cold results in dropsy and predominance of dampness brings about watery diarrhea .
倪本:When the pathogenic wind comes like a storm. It can cause shaking, if fire burns excessively .There will be redness and swelling, if dryness is present there will be withering .Excess cold can result in swelling and extreme dampness will lead to urinary problems and diarrhea.
威本:When wind is victorious everything moves and stirs. When the heat overcomes the world then, in the end, swelling will ensue. When dryness overcomes the world everything will be scorched. When the cold overcomes the world everything becomes light and floating. When dampness overcomes the world the moisture will be dispelled.
分析:引自《素问阴阳应象大论篇第五》,讨论的是五气偏盛致病的特点,“风盛则动”是指风气太过,易导致痉挛动摇的症状。李本译为:Predominance of wind causes tremor [of the limbs],即风邪偏盛,易导致四肢震颤。倪本译为:When the pathogenic wind comes like a storm. It can cause shaking.是:风邪袭人会导致震颤。威本译为:When wind is victorious everything moves and stirs.风邪偏盛,一切都会动摇。中医理论中,风邪致病的特点是易导致四肢搐动,只有李本增加of the limbs(四肢)补充了这层隐含信息。
“濡泻”王冰注:“脾胃受湿,则水谷不分,水谷相和,故大肠