智能材料研究进展(毕业论文doc)

智能材料研究进展

摘要

智能材料是一门多门类、多学科交叉的科学，与物理学、材料力学、电子学、化学、仿生学、生命科学、控制理论、人工智能、信息技术、生物技术、计算机技术、材料合成与加工等诸多的前沿科学及高新技术戚戚相关、紧紧相连。因此，它一旦有所突破，便会导致众多学科的理论创新和许多领域的技术变革，大大地推动国家科学技术的进步和综合实力的提高。智能材料具有十分重要的现实用途和极为广阔的应用前景。从高精尖的宇宙探索，到普通人的日常生活，智能材料都起着重要的作用。

未来社会发展的趋势是智能化。智能化的首要问题是大力发展智能材料，智能材料的研究是材料科学研究的重要方向。智能材料的本质特征是材料具有仿生功能，即材料能根据感受到的信息而自动判断、控制和调整以适应外界条件变化。

本文介绍了智能材料的概念、定义及智能材料的特征,阐述和评价了智能材料——形状记忆合金、电流变体材料、光致变色材料、电致变色材料、形状记忆复合材料和智能型药物释放体系等的种类、组成、特点、用途、研究现状与市场前景。重点论述了压电陶瓷材料的制造工艺、特点、性质、研究现状及市场前景等。论述了发展智能材料的战略意义，展望了它的发展前景。

关键词：智能材料，研究，应用，发展

DEVELOPMENT PROGRESS OF

SMART MATERIALS

ABSTRACT

Smart materials is more than one categories, interdisciplinary science, and physics, mechanics, electronics, chemistry, bionics, life sciences, control theory, artificial intelligence, information technology, biotechnology, computer technology, materials synthesis and processing and many other leading edge science and very much related to high-tech, tightly linked. Therefore, once it has been a breakthrough, it will lead to many disciplines in many areas of theoretical innovation and technological change; greatly promote national scientific and technological progress and the improvement of overall strength. Smart materials is of great practical use and very broad application prospects. Explore the universe from the sophisticated to the daily lives of ordinary people, smart materials play an important role.

The trends of coming society are intellectualization. The essential issue of intellectualization is to develop intelligent materials vigorously. The study of intelligent materials is a crucial direction of material science.The main characteristic of intelligent materials is bionics functions. That is, it can judge, control and adjust it automatically to adapt the change of the external environment according to accepting information.

In this paper, the concept of smart materials, definitions, describes the characteristics of smart materials, intelligent materials described and evaluated - shape memory alloys, electrorheological materials, photochromic materials, electrochromic materials, shape memory composites and smart based drug delivery system, and the type, composition, characteristics, uses, current situation and market prospects. Focuses on the manufacturing process of piezoelectric ceramic materials, characteristics, nature, current situation and

market prospects. Discusses the strategic significance of the development of intelligent materials and look forward to its future development.

KEY WORDS：smart materials, research, application, development