四六级长难句

四六级长难句
“本期长难句：
It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.
句的剖析
句子主干：It is entirely reasonable to believe that +宾语从句。

成分分析：
①scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.为宾语从句；
②who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there为定语从句修饰scientists；
③where they are going and how they will get there是定语从句中know的宾语从句。

词的讲解
entire a. 全部的，整个的
reasonable a. 有道理的，合情理的
distract v. 分散注意力
auditor n. 审计人员
句的翻译
审查者完全有理由相信，知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家不应该因为必须一只眼盯着收银机，另一只眼盯着显微镜而分散了注意力。

“本期长难句：
They gathered all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers.
句的剖析
句子主干：They gathered all the data.主谓宾结构。

成分分析：
①not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers整个部分是data的同位语；
②performance statisti cs and biographical details为同位语中的第一部分；
③the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers为同位语中的第二部分；
④with high achievers作定语修饰experiments。

词的讲解
gather v. 聚集；推测
statistics n. 数据
detail n. 细节；资料
achiever n. 获得成功的人
句的翻译
他们尽其所能收集了一切数据，这些数据不仅包括表现数据和个人成长数据，还包括表现优异者在实验室实验中取得的实验成果。

“本期长难句：
The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.
句的剖析
句子主干：The trend was most obvious and can be illustrated. 主系表结构，两个并列动词
成分分析：
①in those areas of science, in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom为状语；
②based especially on a mathematical or laboratory trainin g为定语修饰状语中的名词science。

词的讲解
trend n. 趋势，倾向
illustrate v. 说明，阐明
geology n. 地质学
in terms of 根据，以…为依据
句的翻译
很自然，这种趋势会在尤以数学或实验室训练为基础的自然学科领域中表现得最为明显，并且可以用英国的地质学发展作为例证来说明。

“本期长难句：
And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.
句的剖析
句子主干：One leading authority says that +宾语从句。

成分分析：
①宾语从句的主干是these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control;
②并列连词not only…but also…连接两个并列的动词harnessed和brought;
③to help us sleep and feel better为目的状语。

词的讲解
intense a. 强烈的；认真的
harness v. 控制
conscious a. 有意识的
句的翻译
而一名顶级权威人士认为，这些极其强烈的大脑活动不仅可以被抑制，实际上还可以受到意识的控制，进而帮助我们睡得更香，使我们感觉更好。

“本期长难句：
In a recent interview with Quartz, Gates said that a robot tax could finance jobs taking care of elderly people or working with kids in schools, for which needs are unmet and to which humans are particularly well suited.
句的剖析
句子主干：Gates said that +宾语从句
成分分析：
① a robot tax could finance jobs宾语从句主语
② taking care of elderly people or working with kids in schools定语
③ for which needs are unmet and to which humans are particularly well suited.定语从句（which=jobs）
词的讲解
unmet a.（需求，要求等）未满足的
finance n. 财政，金融；资金
v. 为…提供资金
Quartz是一个服务全球商务人士的新闻网站。

它没有提供全方位的新闻服务，而是集中关注全球经济、商业和技术领域的大规模趋势和变化。

句的翻译
盖茨在近日接受Quartz采访时说，机器人税可资助照料老人或在学校里与孩子一起的工作，这些工作岗位目前还供不应求，而人类尤其适合这类工作。

“本期长难句：
Part of the problem with relying on states to police themselves without national guidance is that if a state decided to drop the immunization requirement, things can get bleak in a hurry.
句的剖析
句子主干：Part of the problem is that …
成分分析：
① 介词短语with relying on states to police themselves without national guidance作后置定语修饰主语
② if a state decided to drop the immunization requirement, things can get bleak in a hurry. 表语从句
词的讲解
police v.管理；监督
immunization n.免疫
requirement n.要求
bleak a.没有希望的；令人沮丧的
句的翻译
依靠各州在没有联邦指导的情况下进行自行监督，会出现问题，其中就包括：如果州政府决定放弃接种疫苗的要求，局面会迅速地变得暗淡无望。

“本期长难句：
Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success.
句的剖析
句子主干：Sternberg notes that+宾语从句
成分分析：
① traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge为宾语从句。

② best assess和fail to measure为并列的动词短语。

③ components also critical to problem solving and life success为creativity and practical knowledge的同位语。

④ critical to problem solving and life success为形容词短语修饰components。

词的讲解
analytical a. 分析的
verbal a. 口头的
component n. 成分
句的翻译
斯顿伯格指出传统的测试能最好地评估出分析能力和语言能力，但并不能衡量一个人的创造性和实际才能，而这些对于解决问题和取得人生成功而言也是极其重要的因素。

“本期长难句：
But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.
句的剖析
句子主干：science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that+主语从句
成分分析：
① our nation and the world…consequences of present actions为主语从句。

② that science can provide为定语从句修饰judgment。

③ concerning the future co nsequences of present actions为现在分词短语，修饰judgment。

词的讲解
available a. 可用的；可获得的
critical a. 重要的
句的翻译
但是科学确实能提供对于未来的最好指导，对于现在的行为之于未来的结果，科学能提供最好的评判，我们的国家和世界应该把重要的政策基于这种判断之上，这一点非常重要。

语法讲堂
① 主语从句：放在主语位置的从句叫主语从句。

② 主语从句的识别之一：It + be动词+形容词/名词短语+关系连词+句子
例如：It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.(Pride and Prejudice)
这是一个大家都认同的实事，一个有钱的单身男人一定渴望娶到一个可人的妻子。

（《傲慢与偏见》）
③ 主语从句结构识别之二：关系连词+句子+动词
例如：
That the seas are being over fished has been known for years.
多年以来人们一直知道，海洋被过度捕捞了。

“本期长难句：
The examples of Virtual Vineyards, , and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract
online customers.
句的剖析
句子主干：The examples show that+宾语从句
成分分析：
① of Virtual Vineyards, , and other pioneers作example的同位语。

② a Web site…online customers为宾语从句。

③ selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, ho spitality, and security为现在分词短语修饰a Web site。

词的讲解
interactivity n. 互动性
hospitality n. 友好性
security n. 安全性
句的翻译
像Virtual Vineyards, 这样的先驱网站表明，一个将交互性、服务性和安全性合理结合，且销售正确产品的网站是可以吸引网上客户的。

语法讲堂
① 宾语从句之一：将从句放在实义动词之后宾语的位置。

② 宾语从句结构识别之一：动词+连接词+句子
例如：
I have learned that love, not time, heals all wounds.
我一直觉得是爱而不是时间治愈了所有的伤痛。

“本期长难句：
During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of society’s ills” and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
句的剖析
句子主干：Levin asserted that+宾语从句and even cited his son
成分分析：
① During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders meeting作状语。

② music is not the cause of society’s ills为宾语从句。

③ a teacher in the Bronx, New York为son的同位语。

④ who uses rap to communicate with students为定语从句修饰a teacher。

词的讲解
verse n. 歌词，诗句
stockholder n. 股东
assert v. 声称，认为，宣称
句的翻译
在上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的讨论中，莱文宣称说：“音乐不是引发社会问题的原因”，他甚至还以他的儿子为例。

他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一个教师，他用说唱音乐与学生进行沟通。

语法讲堂
① 同位语：充当同位语的先行词多为抽象名词，如idea, news, report等。

② 同位语从句识别：名词+连接词+句子
例如：
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed—we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.
我有一个梦想，有一天，这个国家能真的站立起来兑现他信条的真正含义：我们认为以下的真理是不言自明的，那就是人生而平等。

“本期长难句：
His finding reflects the fact that a long but inequitable period of economic growth has lifted many developing countries into middle-income status but left a minority of their populations mired in poverty.
句的剖析
句子主干：His finding reflects the fact that…
成分分析：
① the fact 后面是一个由that引导的同位语从句。

② 同位语从句中，主语是a long but inequitable period of economic growth，谓语has lifted…，（has）left…是由“but”连接的并列结构。

词的讲解
inequitable a. 不公平的，不公正的
a minority of 少数，一部分
mire v. 陷入泥坑；陷入困境
句的翻译
他的发现反映了一个事实，即长期不平衡的经济增长让许多发展中国家晋升到中等收入的地位，但却也使他们中的一小部分人深陷于贫困之中。

语法讲堂
① 同位语：充当同位语的先行词多为抽象名词，如idea, news, report等。

② 同位语从句识别：名词+连接词+句子
例如：
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed—we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.
我有一个梦想，有一天，这个国家能真的站立起来兑现他信条的真正含义：我们认为以下的真理是不言自明的，那就是人生而平等。

“本期长难句：
A video of a passenger being forcibly dragged from a United Airlines flight on April 9th, after too few people volunteered to give up their seats, has sparked an outpouring of complaints about flying in America.
句的剖析
句子主干：A video has sparked complaints
成分分析：
①after引导时间状语从句，其中主语为too few people，谓语为volunteered，宾语为to give up their seats。

词的讲解
forcibly ad. 强制地
outpouring n. 〔强烈感情的〕倾吐，流露
complaint n. 抱怨
句的翻译
4月9日美国联合航空公司的一架航班因自愿放弃乘机的人数不足，一位乘客被强行拖拽下了飞机。

这段视频引发了人们对在美国坐飞机的各种抱怨。

语法讲堂
① 状语从句：是由从属连词引导的从句，其作用是作状语修饰整个句子，相当于副词，所以又称为副词性从句。

② 时间状语常用引导词：when, as, since, before, after, while, not…until…, hardly…when…“ 本期长难句”
Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.
句的剖析
句子主干：it is perfectly ordinary
成分分析：
① Although mental…our lives是although引导的让步状语从句。

② as引导的是原因状语从句，在原因状语从句中，包含一个that引导的宾语从句。

词的讲解
cure-all n. 万灵药
ordinary a. 普通的，平常的
direct…through… 指引……通过……
句的翻译
尽管心理健康是我们生活中的万能药，但它其实非常普通，你会发现在你难以做决定时，它一直在指引着你。

语法讲堂
① 状语从句：是由从属连词引导的从句，其作用是作状语修饰整个句子，相当于副词，所以又称为副词性从句。

② 状语从句常用引导词：although、though、even if、even though.
“ 本期长难句：
His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generations of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.
句的剖析
句子主干：His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those
成分分析：
① who may believe that为定语从句修饰those。

② 第一个that引导的是宾语从句。

③ 第二个that引导的是结果状语从句。

词的讲解
self-contentedness n. 自满
position n. 地位
additional a. 额外的
capability n. 能力，才能
句的翻译
对于那些可能认为英语的全球地位如此稳定以至于英国年轻人不需要获得额外的语言能力的人，大卫的分析应该会结束这些人的自满情绪。

语法讲堂
① 定语从句：由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分。

② 定语从句结构识别：名词+连接词+句子
例如：
A poem line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river.
这行诗描述了一个土耳其军官和一个保加利亚军官在桥上的格斗。

他们从这座桥上掉了下去，掉进了河里。

“ 本期长难句：
To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
句的剖析
句子主干：animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
成分分析：
① who are unaware是定语从句修饰those。

② that animal research was needed…new treatments and vaccines是宾语从句。

词的讲解
unaware a. 未觉察到的；未意识到的
vaccines n. 疫苗
句的翻译
有一些人他们不知道动物研究对于这些治疗方法和一些新的治疗方法以及疫苗而言是必须的，对于他们来讲，动物研究说得好听是浪费，说得难听就是残忍。

语法讲堂
① 宾语从句之一：将从句放在实义动词之后宾语的位置。

② 宾语从句结构识别之一：动词+连接词+句子
例如：I have learned that love, not time, heals all wounds.
我一直觉得是爱而不是时间治愈了所有的伤痛。

“ 本期长难句：
This nameless person pushed the human race over a historic threshold, for it was in that year that mankind became, for the first time in its history, a predominantly urban species.
句的剖析
句子主干：This…person pushed the human race over a historic threshold…
成分分析：
① 第一个for引导原因状语从句，从句使用强调句型“it was+被强调部分+that…”。

② 第二个for引导的介词短语作从句的时间状语。

词的讲解
nameless a. 无名的，不知名的
historic a. 历史上重要的
threshold n. 起始点；在〔重要事件〕的开端
predominantly ad. 绝大多数，主要地
句的翻译
这个无名小卒将人类推到了一个历史性的起点，因为在那一年人类在历史上第一次成为以城市人口为主导的种群。

语法讲堂
1. for有两种词性：⑴介词⑵连词
⑴for作介词使用，
例如：
We need a new battery for the radio.
我们的收音机需要一节新电池。

⑵for作连词使用，
例如：
I cannot tell whether she is old or young, for I have never seen her.
我不知道她是年老还是年轻，因为我从没见过她。

2. 强调句结构识别：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他
3. 强调句的作用：用来强调主语、宾语和大多数状语。

若强调部分是物，用that连接；若强调部分是人，可用who或that连接。

“ 本期长难句：
Trying to quantify or measure the impact of women in politics is hard because in every few countries have there been enough women in politics to make a difference.
句的剖析
句子主干：Trying to…is hard…
成分分析：
① 本句中，Trying to…in politics是动名词短语作主语；
② because引导原因状语从句说明hard的原因。

③ because引导的状语从句中，表示否定意义的短语in every few countries放在句首，后面句子用部分倒装，故have提前。

语法讲堂
① 主语说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。

名词（短语）、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）和从句等皆可做主语。

② 动名词短语可作句子主语，
例如：
Travelling abroad is popular these years.
近年来出国旅游很流行。

③ 表示否定意义的词或短语放在句首时，用部分倒装。

例如：
At no time does the plain look so perfect as in early autumn.
平原看上去从没像初秋时这么完美。

词的讲解
quantify v. 量化
measure v. 测量；估量
make a difference 有作用，有影响
句的翻译
我们很难量化和估量出妇女在政治领域的影响，因为很少有国家有足够多的妇女从政，进而产生足够大的影响。

本期长难句：
The aim is to ensure that employees have an explicit tool to help them understand their own abilities and aspirations, determine career possibilities, and set (usually short-term) goals.
句的剖析
句子主干：The aim is to ensure that…
成分分析：
① 本句是主系表结构；
② that引导的是宾语从句；
③ 宾语从句的主干为employees have an explicit tool，其后为三个并列的不定式结构，在宾语从句中作目的状语。

语法讲堂
① 宾语从句结构识别之一：动词+连接词+句子
② that引导宾语从句时无词义，在从句中不作任何成分，口语中一般可以省略。

例如：
I have learned that love, not time, heals all wounds.
我一直觉得是爱而不是时间治愈了所有伤痛。

词的讲解
explicit a. 清楚明确的
aspiration n. 抱负，志向
句的翻译
目的就是要确保雇员能获得清楚明确的工具，以帮助他们了解自己的能力和抱负，确定从事某些行业的可能性，并设立目标（通常是短期的）。

“ 本期长难句：
In particular, Arum and Roksa found, college students were not developing the critical thinking, analytic reasoning and other higher-level skills that are necessary to thrive in today’s knowledge-based economy and to lead our nation in a time of complex challenges and dynamic change.
句的剖析
句子主干：…Arum and Roksa found…
成分分析：
① found之后是省略that的宾语从句；
② skills后面的that引导一个定语从句，用来修饰先行词the critical thinking, analytic reasoning and other higher-level skills；
③ that引导的定语从句中包含两个并列的不定式短语to thrive…economy和to lead…change 作目的状语。

词的讲解
critical a.批判的
thrive v. 兴旺，欣欣向荣
dynamic a.动态的；不断变化的
句的翻译
特别是，阿鲁姆和罗克萨发现，大学生没有培养批判性思维、分析推理以及其他更高级的技能，而这些技能是在当今知识经济中取得成功，以及在这个充满复杂挑战和瞬息万变的时代领导我们国家发展所必备的。