汽车结构图解(底盘)中英文

Chapter 2 Chassis basic concept
• Power train system: conveys the drive to the wheels
传动系统： 传输动力到车轮
• Steering system: controls the direction of movement
现在的车辆一般都由 15000多个分散、独立且 相互配合的零部件组成。 这些零部件主要分为四类 ：车身、发动机、底盘和 电气设备。
2. Car body
An automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood and a trunk deck built into it. It provide a protective covering for the engine, passengers.
The gearbox is suitable for driving resistance, changing the drive wheels to reverse and speed. Make auto forward or back. In the neutral gear, interrupting power delivery, dividing the running engine from vehicle movement .
2. Steerin system
According to different power source of external auxiliary system, currently there are two kinds of power-assisted steering system: HPS (HydraulicPowerSteering) and EPS (ElectricPowerSteering).
Suspension
Steering
Power train
Braking
Chassis
1. Automobile components
Today’s average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: body, engine, chassis and electrical equipment 。
Top and side view of a typical manual transmission, in this case a Ford "Toploader", used in cars with typical external gear shifter. 上图是一种典型的手动变速器的顶视图 和侧视图，其外 部换挡器是福特一款典型的“月牙形”手动换挡器。
1. Steering wheel 方向盘 2. Steering shaft 转向轴 3. Knuckle 转向节 4. driving wheel 转向轮 5. Steering arm 转向节臂 6. Tie-rod 转向横拉杆 7. Steering damper 转向减震器 8. Steering gear 转向器
1. Clutch 离合器 2. Gearbox 变速器 3. universial joints 万向节 4. drive axle 驱动桥 5. Differential 差速器 6. half axle 半轴 7. final drive 主减速器 8. drive shaft 传动轴
1. Power train system
汽车车身由金属薄板外壳和窗户、车门、发动机罩、行李箱盖等组成。汽 车车身为发动机、乘员和货物提供了保护。汽车车身的作用主要是保护驾 驶员以及构成良好的空气力学环境。好的车身不仅能带来更佳的性能，也 能体现出车主的个性。
2. Car body
顶棚 天窗 挡风玻璃 车外后视镜 雨刷 发动机舱罩
格栅 大灯 保险杠 牌照 指示灯
发动机作为动力设备，常见的类 型是内燃机，其原理是通过发动机 缸内的液体燃料燃烧而产生能量。 发动机可分为两类：汽油机（点燃 式）和柴油机（压燃式），都属于 热力发动机。燃料燃烧产生热量使 缸内气压上升，产生的能量驱动轴 旋转，并传递给动力传动系。
变速箱的作用是适合汽车行驶阻 力变化，改变驱动轮扭转和转速。 使汽车前进或倒退。空档时，中断 动力传递，使发动机的运转与车辆 的运动相脱离。
Vehicle’s power which is produced by engine transmits to the drive wheels by power train system. The power train system is provided with reducing the speed, variable speed, backing up, break the engine power, differential between the wheels, and between axles . Working with engine ,it can guarantee a car in normal driving under various working conditions, and has good power performance and fuel economy.
转向系统： 控制车辆运动方向
• Suspension system : absorbs the road shocks
悬架系统： 吸收来自路面的冲击
• Braking system: slows down the vehicle
制动系统： 使车辆减速或停止
1. Power train system
转向系控制汽车行驶方向，一般由三部分组成：转向操纵机构（由方向盘、 转向轴、转向管柱、万向节、转向传动轴等构成）、转向器、连接车轮和 转向器的转向传动机构。当驾驶员转动方向盘时，转向柱内的轴带动转向 器运动，然后通过转向传动机构来转动车轮，从而使得汽车向左或向右行 驶。
2. Steerin system
转向系统根据根据产生外部辅助力的动力来源不同，可以再分为液压 助力转向系统、电液助力转向系统及电动助力转向系统。其中常用的 助力系统是液压及电动助力转向系统。
pinion and rack front stabilizer bar
Final drive is inside the drive axle. The drive axle consists of axle housing,final drive, differential and half axle. Final drive's main role is to output the transmission power to further reduce the speed, increase the torque and change the direction of rotation, and then passed to the drive wheels, to gain enough traction and appropriate car speed.
汽车主减速器位于驱动桥内。驱动桥主要由桥壳、主减速器、 差速器和半轴组成。主减速器的主要作用是将变速器输出的动 力进一步降低转速，增大转矩，并改变旋转方向，然后传递给 驱动轮，以获得足够的汽车牵引力和适当的车速。
driveshaft
Final drive // Differential Driving axles
Chapter 1 Automobile basic concept
1. Automobile components
What’s the main parts of an automobile?
1. Automobile components
Body
Engine + Gear box
Electrical system
汽车发动机所发出的动力靠传动系传递到驱动车轮。传动系 具有减速、变速、倒车、中断动力、轮间差速和轴间差速等动能， 与发动机配合工作，能保证汽车在个各种工况条件下的正常行驶， 并具有良好的动力性和经济性。
2. Steerin system
The direction motion of vehicle is controlled by a steering system. A basic steering system has 3 main parts: steering control mechanism, steering gear , steering linkage mechanism which connecting wheels and steering gear. When the driver turns the steering wheel, a shaft from the steering column turns the steering gear. The steering gear moves tie-rods that connect to the front wheels. The tie-rods move the front wheels to turn the vehicle right or left.
防护板
行李箱 尾灯 后翼子板 三角窗
顶棚梁柱
车窗 门把手
车门
后视镜
车轮 前翼子板
车轮装饰 盖
门梁柱
2. Car body
后视镜 窗口框架
雨刮器
座椅
方向盘 挡风玻璃洗
涤器 空气过滤器 电池
分电器 散热器
交流发电机
滤油器
制动盘
车身侧 嵌条
行李箱 尾灯 备胎
车轮
变速器 消声器
中间轴
2. Car body
Basic training for Automobile chassis
Summary:
Chapter 1 Automobile basic concept 1. Automobile components 2. Car body 3. Engine&Gearbox
Chapter 2 Chassis basic concept 1. Power train system 2. Steering system 3. Suspension system 4. Braking system
散热器
动力转向wenku.baidu.com
中间轴
排气系统
差速器
油箱
主缸
油底壳
曲轴箱
变速器
轮胎 液力变矩器
减震器
后桥
3. Engine &Gearbox
3. Engin &Gearbox
The engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compressionignition engine). Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the power train.