英语文化概况 澳大利亚

• 6. Four stages of the settler-Aboriginal relations (殖民者与土著人的关系发展的 个阶段 殖民者与土著人的关系发展的4个阶段 殖民者与土著人的关系发展的 个阶段)
• • • • • • • 1) expropriation of land and the killing of the Peoples 2) Segregation and “Protection” 3) Assimilation, segregation and the attempted destruction of the cultures of the Dreaming 4) from the mid 20th century: citizenship and the fight against racism. * The Aboriginal Protection Act of 1909 introduced powers to move people away from towns and reserves * Freedom Rides (自由乘车运动 自由乘车运动) 自由乘车运动 In the mid-1960s, an aboriginal university student led a group of white university students to the outback (内地 指澳大利亚等偏僻而 内地, 内地 人口稀少的地方) 人口稀少的地方 of Australia to demonstrate against racial segregation. Their activities helped to raise the public awareness of racism and segregation in Australian society, and demonstrated the need for social change.
After the 2nd World War, the Labor Government introduced a massive programme of assisted immigration (大规模 大规模 的移民计划), 的移民计划 aimed at supporting a large scale expansion of the economy,
5. Migration to Australia today 亚的移民） 亚的移民）
（如今涌向澳大利
Northern European and Asian Australians share much the same occupational characteristics as Australian born workers while Southern and Eastern Europeans and Middle Easter migrants occupy the lower range of occupations.
3. Multiculturalism (多元文化主义 多元文化主义) 多元文化主义
Multiculturalism was adopted in 1973. It was comprised of 3 areas of policy: Cultural Identity(文化身份 which means the right to 文化身份), 文化身份 express and share one's cultural heritage; Social Justice(社会公正 社会公正), 社会公正 the right to equal treatment and opportunity; and Economic Efficiency(经济效益 the need to maintain and develop the skills of all 经济效益), 经济效益 Australians regardless of their backgrounds. The Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) television channel (特殊广 特殊广 播节目电视台) 播节目电视台 began broadcasting in 1980. It currently broadcasts in 68 languages and provides a variety of programmes for ethnic minority groups(少数民族群体 少数民族群体). 少数民族群体
4. Pauline-Hanson and the One Nation Party（波 （ 汉森和“ 林·汉森和“同一国家党”） 汉森和 同一国家党”
The One Nation Party was formed by Pauline Hanson in 1997. It believed that by adopting policies that favoured migrants, indigenous Australians and multiculturalism, the government caused major division in Australian society. Though the One Nation Party had collapsed due to its lack of democratic procedures within the party, its doctrines have been absorbed into contemporary Australian politics.
Unit 20 From Racism to Multiculturalism 一、本单元重点内容
1. Ethnicity and immigration (种族特点与移民 种族特点与移民) 种族特点与移民 2. White Australia Policy (白澳政策 白澳政策) 白澳政策 3. Multiculturalism (多元文化主义 多元文化主义) 多元文化主义 4. Pauline-Hanson and the One Nation Party （波林 汉森 波林·汉森 同一国家党” 和“同一国家党”） 5. Migration to Australia today （如今涌向澳大利亚的移民） 如今涌向澳大利亚的移民） 6. Four stages of the settler-Aboriginal relations (殖民者与 殖民者与 土著人的关系发展的4个阶段 个阶段) 土著人的关系发展的 个阶段 7. The struggle for Land Rights for the Indigenous people (为土著人争取土地权的斗争 为土著人争取土地权的斗争) 为土著人争取土地权的斗争 1) The Mabo Decision (《马博裁决》) 《马博裁决》 2) The Wik Decision (《威克裁决》) 《威克裁决》 8. The History Wars (“历史战争”) 历史战争” 历史战争
Australia
10应用英语（1）班 丽芹 10应用英语（ 应用英语
Catalogue:
Unit 16 Australian Culture Life Unit 19 Australian in the World Today Unit 20 From Racism to Multiculturalism
7.The struggle for Land Rights for the Indigenous people (为土著人争取土地权的斗争 为土著人争取土地权的斗争) 为土著人争取土地权的斗争
On January 26, 1938, the aboriginal people gathered in Sydney’s Australia Hall to mourn the loss of their lands and to demand the same basic rights as the rest of the population. It was the 1st national Aboriginal civil rights gathering. They call it the “Day of Mourning and Protest” 1) The Mabo Decision (《马博裁决》) (《马博裁决》 In 1982, Eddie Mabo and two other Torres Strait Islanders took legal proceedings to claim the tradiFra Baidu bibliotekional rights to the land they had been living on. In 1997, 4 months after Eddie Mabo died, the High Court found in favour of Mabo. The finding is historically and politically significant because it rejects the principle of “terra nullius”.
defend Australia against the threat of Eastern Communism and keep Australia “white and free” The preferred migrant groups were British, followed by other northern, then southern and central Europeans.
1. Ethnicity and immigration (种族特点与移民 种族特点与移民) 种族特点与移民 Migration has accounted for up to 50% of Australia’s population increase. During the middle of the 19th century migrants were predominantly British and those who benefited from assisted migration(资助移民计划 were 资助移民计划) 资助移民计划 almost all from Britain. The gold rushes from the 1850s attracted large numbers of non-assisted migrants (非资助移 非资助移 民) from Germany and China. By the 1870s, the Chinese constituted the 3rd largest group in Australia, after the British and Germans. Pacific Islanders were kidnapped and brought to North Queensland to be sold as indentured labourers to work in the sugar industry (太平洋岛民被绑架到昆士兰北部卖给蔗糖业 太平洋岛民被绑架到昆士兰北部卖给蔗糖业 做包身工). 做包身工 But later the Pacific Island Labourers Act 1901 requested that Pacific Islanders should be sent back to heir home islands (1901年的《太平洋岛国劳工法案》要求太平洋岛 年的《 年的 太平洋岛国劳工法案》 民被遣送回自己的岛国) 民被遣送回自己的岛国
2. White Australia Policy (白澳政策 白澳政策) 白澳政策
The White Australia Policy was officially adopted by the Commonwealth of Australian in 1901, in the Immigration Restriction Act (《移民限制法案》). It was made to stop Chinese and other non《移民限制法案》 British migrants from entering and settling down in Australia. This was mainly achieved through a dictation test in a European language, the failure of which would be given the status of “prohibited immigrant”. The White Australia Policy was officially abolished in 1973.