文学专业英语词汇
英语基本文学词汇表
英语基本文学词汇表Allegory 寓言Alliteration 头韵Allusion 典故Analogy 类比Antagonist 反面人物Antithesis 对偶Aphorism 格言Apostrophe 呼语法Aside 旁白Assonance 谐音Atmosphere 基调，总体艺术效果Autobiography 自传Ballad 叙事诗歌、民谣Ballad Stanza 民谣体诗节Biography 传记Blank verse 无韵诗An Introduction to Old Medieval English Literature中古时期英语文学介绍bold 大胆的mournful 悲哀的elegiac 挽歌的survive 幸存的secular 长期的biblical 圣经的Genesis 起源Exodus(古代以色列人)出埃及Old Testament 基督教的《旧约全书》testament 遗Rood 十字架 ;耶酥受难像New Testament 基督教的《新约全书》portray 描绘warrior 战士 ,武士stride 跨过In addition to 除⋯之外epic 史诗evoke 唤起 ,引起circumstance 环境 ,境况doctrine 说教harshness 严肃lot 命运harsh 荒芜的sorrowful 悲伤的fatalistic 宿命论的courageous 有勇气的determined 有决心的typical 典型的setting bards 吟游诗人minstrel 吟游诗人 (或歌手 ) script 原本 ,手迹funeral 葬礼impend 即将发生 ;进行威exploit 开拓Scandinavia 斯堪的那维亚 (半岛 )(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称revengeful 报复的 ,深藏仇恨的sequence 次序glorious 光荣的Thematically 从主题上说primitive 远古的 ;原始的wage 发动Hostile force 敌对邪恶势力mighty 强大的 ,有力的mingling 混合mingle embody 具体表达ruddy 红的Rome-backed barren 单调的 ,不孕的flourish 繁荣utter 发表 ;反射style, tone, genre 风格、语气、流派presentation 表达accurate 精确的originality 创新absent 缺少salvation 拯救narrative verse 叙述诗prose 散文Romance 骑士 (传奇 )文学characteristic 典型的motif 主题 ;动机 ;主旨quest 寻求encounter 遭遇beloved 所爱的人accomplish 完成 ;实现infidelity 失真maiden 少女 ; 处女liberal 自由主义的 ;不拘泥的improbable 不可能的supernatural 不可思仪的事 ,超自然的mysteries 神秘的事物fantasies 幻想plot 情节 ; 结构Characterization 人物创造 ;描述standardize 使标准化wicked 邪恶的episodic 插话式的straightforward 坦率地 ;简单的 ,直接的aristocratic 贵族化的chivalric 有骑士风度的a gallery of 一系列 (gallery,走廊 )masterpiece 名著 ,杰作aristocracy 贵族 ,贵族政府be conscious of 知道ideals 理想 ; 观念的 ;唯心论的practical matter 实际事物detached 分离art 巧妙peculiarly 特有的asceticism 禁欲主义quickwit 敏捷 ,聪明的才智expose 揭露satirize 讽刺abuse陋习 ;滥用 ;虐待 ;辱骂essentially 本质humanism 人文主义anticipated 预示的observant 奉行者 ,遵守法律或规章、习俗的人ever-present 经常存在的clash 冲突temperament 气质 ;性情comic 喜剧的 ; 滑稽的ironic 讽刺的obtainable 可得到的distinctions 区别 ;特性bourgeoisie 资产阶级depict 描写asserting 声称 ;断言artistic 艺术的alliterative verse 头韵的octosyllabic 八音节的诗句couplet 对句 (双行诗 ) rhymed couplet iambic 抑扬格诗pentameter 五步格诗heroic couplet 英雄体双行诗ease安逸prosody 诗体论 ;作诗法 ; 韵律virtually 事实上学strife 斗争 ,冲突sect 宗派 ,教派 ,流派opposing adj.相反的 ,对立的India 印度Roman Catholicism 天主教Anglican Church 英国国教Dissenter 非国教派的人West Indies 西印度群岛standardized 标准的 ,定型的 plundered n.抢劫 ,战利品self-reliance 自我实现 philosophical adj.哲学的rationality n. 唯理性Measurement n. 度量injustice 不公平yield place to 让步 ,屈服mass 聚集didactic adj. 说教的revival 复苏unity 统一delight 使喜悦primarily 根本上 ,首先witty adj. 诙谐的prose n.散文smooth adj.流畅的lyrical adj. 抒情的satiric adj. 讽刺的Heroic Couplets 英雄体双行诗 Represent v.扮演 ,表现in due time 及时的clarity n. 清楚 ,透明Permanent heritage 永久遗产epigram n.讽刺短诗divergence 分歧adequate adj.足够的privileged adj. 有特权的self-restraint 自制furtherance n.促进celebrate v.赞美Yardstick n. 准绳superstition 迷信oppression 压力dualistic 二元的democratic adj. 民主的moralize v.说教proportion 比例grace 优雅 ,优美correct 告诫urbane adj.文雅的genre n.流派direct adj. 直接的flexible adj. 灵活的epical adj. 叙事的Observed v.说 ,评述sentimentalists n.感伤主义wholesome adj. 健康的conciseness n.简明school n.学派arnestness adj.热心的。
英语专业英美文学文学词汇大全Literature terms
Literature terms1Epic : a long narrative poem telling about the deedsof a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.（史诗）2Romance:It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.（传奇文学）3Heroic Couplet: the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter. (英雄双韵体)4Iambic Pentameter: is the most common Englishmeter, in which each foot contains an unaccentedsyllable and an accented syllable. (五音步抑扬格)meter 格律foot音步5ballad:is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.（歌谣）6Sonnet: It is a lyric poem of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme.（十四行诗）7Blank verse: is a type of poetry, distinguished by having a regular meter, but no rhyme.（无韵诗）8Soliloquy: an utterance or discourse by a person who is talking to himself/ herself or is disregardful of or oblivious to any hearers present (often used as a device in a drama to disclose a character’s innermost thoughts); 2. theact of talking while or as if alone(独白)9Classicism: Aesthetic attitudes and principles manifested in the art, architecture, and literature of ancient Greece and Rome and characterized by emphasis on form, simplicity, proportion, and restraint. Classicism was popular in Europe in the 18th century.（古典主义）10Neo-classicism: neo-classicism imitated the characteristics of Roman writers, including Horace, Virgil, Cicero, etc., in the days of Augustus. They tried to make English literature conform to rules and principles established by the great Roman and Greek classical writers. In writing plays, they used rhyme and couplet instead of blank verse, observed thetrinity --- the unity of time, place and action.（新古典主义）11An epistolary novel is a novel written as a series of documents. The usual form is letters, although diary entries, newspaper clippings and otherdocuments are sometimes used.（书信体小说）12Sentimentalism is one of the important trends in English literature of the middle and later decades of the 18th century. It justly criticized the cruelty of the capitalist relations and the gross social injustices brought about by the bourgeoisrevolutions. It embraces a pessimistic outlook and blames reason and the Industrial Revolution, marked by a sincere sympathy for thepoverty-stricken ,expropriated peasants.(感伤主义)Romanticism: Romanticism is a literary trend. It prevails in England during the period 1798-1832. romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes and social strata who were discontent with and opposed to the development of capitalism. They split into two groupsbecause of the different attitudes toward the capitalist society.（浪漫主义）Ode is a lyric poem of some length that honors an individual, a thing, a trait dealing with a lofty theme in a dignified manner. The form dates back to classical times and is originally intended to be sung at festivals or in plays.Brief Outline of British Literature：works1. Early and Medieval English Literature1) The Anglo-Saxon Period (449-1066)National epic:The Song of Beowulf2) The Anglo-Norman Period (1066-1350)Arthurian Romance: Sir Gawain andGreen Knight3) Geoffrey Chaucer1340-1400：Messenger of HumanismThe first important realistic writer“Father” of English poetryThe Canterbury Tales the wife of Bath（巴斯夫人）,the Knight（骑士）,the Pardoner（卖赎罪卷者）,the Nun’s Priest（尼姑的教士）,the Prologue（序诗）.The Romaunt of the Rose 《玫瑰传奇》The Book of the Duchess 《悼公爵夫人》Troilus and Criseyde《特罗伊洛斯和克瑞西德》Thomas MaloryMorte d’Arthur (Death of Arthur)《亚瑟之死》William LanglandPiers the Plowman[Boccaccio薄伽丘：Decameron《十日谈》Ovid奥维德:《爱的艺术》《变形记》]2. The English Renaissance (16 century)Thomas MoreUtopiaChristopher Marlowe克里斯托弗·马洛First person used blank verseDeath of Arthur 《亚瑟之死》Tamburlaine the Great «帖木儿大帝»The Jew of Malta «马尔他岛的犹太人»The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus«浮士德博士的悲剧»Hero and Leander《海洛和利安得》The Passionate Shepherd to His Love《牧羊人的恋歌》William Shakespeareone of the founders of realism in world literature as well as in English literatureV enus and Adonis《维纳斯与安东尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece《鲁克里斯受辱记》Four tragedies：Hamlet《哈姆雷特》Othello《奥塞罗》King Lear《李尔王》Macbeth《麦克白》Four comedies：A Midsummer Night’s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》The Merchant of V enice《威尼斯商人》As You Like It《皆大欢喜》Twelfth Night《第十二夜》Ben Jonson本·琼森first poet- laureateafter Shakespeare the most eminent writer for the Elizabethan stagethe greatest dramatist after Shakespearethe founder of the so-called “Comedy of Humors”,Every Man in His Humor《人人高兴》Every Man Out of His Humor《人人扫兴》Volpone 《福尔蓬奈》the Fox《狐狸》The Alchemist《炼金术士》Sir Thomas Wyatt托马斯·怀亚特Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey 亨利·霍华德·萨里伯爵Sir Philip Sidney 西德尼Astrophel and Stella《爱星者和星星》Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》The Defence of Poetry《诗辩》Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞the Poet’s poet , a model of poetical artgreatest non-dramatic poet of his timefirst master of English verseThe Shepherd’s Calendar《牧人月历》Amoretti 《爱情小诗》The Fairy Queen《仙后》Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯·培根The father of experimental philosophyThe most important prose writer of the Elizabethan Agethe first English essayistthe founder of English materialist philosophy.The Advancement of Learning《学术的进展》The Novum Organum (The New Instrument)《新工具》The New Atlantis《新大西岛》The Essays 《散文集》(Of Studies)3. The Period of The English Bourgeois Revolution (17 century)John Milton约翰·弥尔顿the smartest man in Europea master of the blank verseParadise Lost《失乐园》Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》Lycidas 《利西达斯》Comus《科玛斯》a masque《假面剧》John Bunyan约翰·班扬Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinner 《功德无量》The Life and Death of Mr. Badman《恶人先生的生平和死亡》《贝德曼先生的一生》The Holy War《神圣战争》John Donne约翰·邓恩Founder of Metaphysical poetry选学派诗人Songs and Sonnets《歌与短歌》Holy sonnet《圣十四行诗》Divine poem《神圣诗歌》Elegies and Satire《挽歌与讽刺诗》Meditations《冥想》/《沉思》4. The Age of Enlightenment (18 century)Alexander Pope亚历山大·蒲柏Essay on Criticism《论批评》The Rape of the Lock《夺发记》Joseph Addison约瑟夫·艾狄生andRichard Steel理查德·斯蒂尔The Tatler and The SpectatorDaniel Defoe丹尼尔·笛福18世纪启蒙时期现实主义小说的奠基人Robinson CrusoeCaptain Singleton《辛格顿船长》Colonel Jacque《杰克上校》Moll Flanders《茉尔·弗兰德丝》A Journal of the Plague Year《瘟疫记事》Jonathan Swift乔纳森·斯威夫特One of the greatest masters of English prosea master satiristGulliver’s TravelsA Tale of a Tub 《一个木桶的故事》The Battle of Books《书的战争》The Drapier’s Letters《一个麻布商的书信》A Modest Proposal《一个小小的建议》Samuel Richardson 塞谬尔·理查逊Pamela 《帕美勒》Clarissa: Or the History of a Young Lady《克拉丽莎》The History of Sir Charles Grandison《查尔斯·葛兰底森爵士传》Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁最早的现实主义小说理论家现实主义小说奠基人Tom Jones《汤姆˙琼斯》Don Quixote in England《唐吉诃德在英国》Pasqin《巴斯昆》The Historical Register for the Year 1736《一七三六年历史记事》The Tragedy of Tragedies or The Life and Death of Tom Thumb the Great 《悲剧的悲剧：或伟人汤姆传》Joseph Andrews《约瑟夫˙安德鲁斯的经历》Jonathan Wild the Great《大伟人乔纳森˙魏尔德》Amelia《阿米丽亚》Samuel Johnson塞缪尔·约翰逊As Lexicographer or The Dictionary of the English Language英语词典Oliver Goldsmith戈德史密斯Ano velist and poet belongs to the school of Sentimentalism She Stoops to Conquer《屈伸求爱》The Vicar of Wakefield 《威克菲尔德牧师传》The Traveler and The Deserted VillageThe Citizen of the World《世界公民》Richard Brinsley Sheridan 谢里丹The School for Scandal 《造谣学校》Comedy of Manners风尚喜剧Thomas Gray 格雷-------- sentimentalismOn the Death of a Favorite Cat 《爱猫之死》Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 《墓园挽歌》The Progress of Poetry 《诗的发展》The Correspondence of Thomas Gray《格雷书信集》William Blake威廉布莱克Tiger 《老虎》Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》Songs of Experience《经验之歌》The Marriage of Heaven and Hell《天堂与地狱的婚姻》Robert Burns-罗伯特彭斯--- pre-romanticismthe most famous poets of the peasants in the worldA red red rose《我的爱人像朵红红的玫瑰》5. Romanticism in England (19 century)PoetryWilliam Wordsworth华兹华斯The prelude《序曲》Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣集》I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud《我好似一朵流云独自漫步》To the 《咏水仙》S. T. Coleridge柯林律治The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子咏》《古水手谣》Kubla khan 《忽必烈汗》George Gordon Byron乔治戈登拜伦One of the most excellent representatives of English Romanticismone of the most influential poets of the timeHours of Idleness《闲暇时刻》Child Harold’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》.Don Juan《唐璜》She Walks in BeautyPercy Bysshe Shelley雪莱Prometheus Unbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》Queen Mab 《仙后麦布》Address to the Irish People《告爱尔兰人书》The Revolt of Islam《伊斯兰的反叛》The Masque of Anarchy《暴政的行列》The Cenci《钦契一家》A Defence of Poetry《诗辩》The Necessity of Atheism《无神论的必要性》Ode to the West Wind10. To a Skylark《致云雀》John Keats济慈Lamia《莱米亚》Endymion《恩底弥翁》On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer《初读查普曼译荷马史诗》Isaabella 《伊莎贝拉》The Eve of St. Agnes《圣·爱格尼斯节前夕》Hyperion《赫坡里昂》On a Grecian Urn 《希腊古瓮颂》To Autumn《秋颂》On Melancholy《忧郁颂》To a Nightingale 《夜莺颂》Prose fictionWalter Scott司各特the first novelist to recreate the pastWaverleyOld MoralityRob RoyThe Heart of MidlothianIvanhoe《艾凡赫》Rob RoyNovelJane Austen 简·奥斯丁Northanger Abbey《诺桑觉寺》Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》Mansfield Park《曼斯菲尔德花园》Emma《爱玛》Persuasion 《劝告》Romantic essayCharles Lamb查尔斯·兰姆Tales from Shakespeare《莎士比亚戏剧故事集》Album VersesEssays of Elia《伊利亚随笔》William Hazlitt威廉·赫列特Thomas De Quincey托马斯·德·昆西6. The Victorian Age --- Critical Realism in England (19 century)NovelCharles Dickens查尔斯·狄更斯Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》The Old Curiocity Shop《老古玩店》The Pickwick Papers《匹克威克外传》fill in the BlanksBeowulf is a folk legend brought to England by the Anglo-Saxons from their primitive Northern Europe.Beowulf was passed down from mouth to mouth.Beowulf was written down in the 10th century.Humanism refers to the literary culture in the Renaissance.Humanism became the central theme of English Renaissance. Thomas More and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanistsHumanism is the idea that man has a potential for culture which distinguishes him from lower orders of beings, and which he should strive constantly to fulfill.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture, the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation and the economic expansion.Early Plays in Middle Ages include The Miracle Play奇迹剧The Morality Play道德剧The Interlud幕间休息剧The Classical Drama古典剧The immediate predecessors of Shakespeare were a group of men from the two universities of Oxford and Cambridge, who were generally known as the University WitsThe key-note of Hamlet’s character is melancholy，and there can be no Hamlet without melancholyHamlet is a hero of the RenaissanceHamlet’s learning , wisdom, noble nature,limitation and tragedy are all representative of the humanists at the turn of the 17th and the 16th centuries.Shakespeare was skilled in many poetic forms: the song, the sonnet, the couplet, and the dramatic blank verse;He was a great master of English language;He was the summit of the English Renaissance and one of the great writers all over the world.Adam and Eve embody Milton’s belief in the powers of man, craving (longing) for knowledge.Satan is a rebel against tyranny and Satan and his followers resemble a republican ParliamentEnglish enlighteners believed in the power of reason. That is why the 18th century has often been called “the age of rea son” or “the kingdom of reason”.Most of the enlighteners believed that social problems could be solved by human intelligence.this period was characterized by the so-called neo-classicism of which theleading figure was Alexander Pope.The representative of Periodical Literature in Early 18th Century England: Addison and SteeleThe best part of Robinson Crusoe is the realistic account of the successful struggle of Robinson alone against the pitiless forces of nature on the island.A social fable consists of four books. The hero of the novel is Lemuel Gulliver, a doctor. telling about his fantastic visits to some unbelievable places, in which the inhabitants are Lilliputians,the giants Brobdingnagians, Yahoos, and Houyhnhnms.The features of the Romantic writings a dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society.Romantic writings are filled with strong-willed heroes or even titanic images, formidable events and tragic situations, powerful conflicting passions and exotic picturesThe romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of manPersonified nature plays an important role in the pages of Romantic writingsThe publication of the “Lyrical Ballads” marked the break with the conventional poetical tradition of the 18th centuryi wandered lonely contains four six-lined stanzas of iambic tetrameter.The poem is about The beauty of natureQuestion1What is Literature？Literature refers to the practice and profession of writing. It comes from human interest in telling a story, in arranging words in artistic forms, in describing in words some aspects of human experiences.2What is Renaissance?1. DefinitionThe Renaissance (14th – mid-17th century), which means rebirth and revival. The renaissance, therefore, in essence, is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church(罗马天主教堂).It is characterized with the growth of a more scientific outlook, major development in art and literature, new invention and overseas discoveries and a general assertion of human value and emancipation(解放) of the human intellect and power.3Summarize the periods of Shakespeare’s literary career and achievements？Shakespeare’s Literary Career⏹Four successive periods with increasing maturity◆1588-1593, the Period of Experiment and Preparation●Richard III, a melodramatic chronicle-history play, largely imitative of Marlowe and yet showing striking power●At the end of this period Shakespeare issued two rather long narrative poems on classical subjects, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece◆1594-1601, the second period Shakespeare’s work, filled with chronicle-history plays and comedies●Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, etc.●Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado about Nothing, As You Like It●Romeo and Juliet◆1601-1609, the third period of Shakespeare’s literary career, in which appeared Shakespeare’s great tragedies and certain cynical plays●In these plays, Shakespeare sets himself to grapple with the deepest and darkest problems of human characters and life●Shakespeare’s four great tragedies⏹Hamlet: the struggle of a perplexed and divided soul/self⏹Othello: the ruin of a noble life/ man by an evil one through the terrible power of jealousy⏹King Lear: unnatural ingratitude working its hateful will and yetthwarted at the end by its own excess and by faithful love⏹Macbeth: the destruction of a large nature by material ambition◆After 1609, the fourth period of Shakespeare’s literary career, a periodof romance-comedies●Shakespeare did not solve the insoluble problems of life, but having presented them as powerfully, perhaps, as is possible for human intelligence, he turned in his last period to the expression of the serene philosophy of life●Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale, and The Tempest(1) Shakespeare is one of the founders of realism in world literature. He maintains that the purpose of dramatic performance is "to hold, as it were, the mirror up to nature". In his works, he paints the decline of the old feudal nobility and the vice of the new Tudor monarch. Besides,his plays have good plots and life-like characters too. His drama is an expression, a monument of the English Renaissance since he wrote about his own people for his own time.(2)Shakespeare is amazingly prolific Within 22 years, he produced 37 plays, 154 sonnets,and 2 long poems. No two of his play invoke the same feeling or image among the audience. He is a master-hand for every form of drama-comedy, tragedy, and historical plays. He gives us a world of full-blooded people who live and struggle, suffer and rejoice-representing all the complexitiesand implications of real life.(3)Shakespeare was skilled in many poetic forms: the song, the sonnet, the couplet, andthe dramatic blank verse. And he is a great master of the English language. He used a vocabulary larger than any other English writersMany of his new c oinage and turns of expressions havebecome every-day usage in English life. Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of the EnglishBible are the two great treasures of the English language.(4)Hence, Shakespeare has been universallyacknowledged to be the summit of theEnglish Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers the world over. 3Chaucer’s Contribution？1. He introduced from Italy and France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (heroic couplet) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse.2. He was the first great poet who wrote in English language (Middle English), thus establishing English as the literary language.3. He did much in making the London dialect the foundation for modern English language4What is the Enlightenment Movement?The 18th century marked the beginning of an intellectual movement in Europe, known as the Enlightenment, which was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism.What is romanticism? What about its feature?1. The general feature is a dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society.2. Their writings are filled with strong-willed heroes or even titanic images, formidable events and tragic situations, powerful conflicting passions and exotic pictures.3. The romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man.Personified nature plays an important role in the pages of their works.文学赏析Beowulf:---national epic(1) Goodness conquers evil. (Beowulf stands for all that is good, brave and proper, while the monsters stand for evil.)(2) Men against nature (The poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.)(3) Judge the greatness of a human being by the greatness of his deeds and his noble ancestry.(4) Help thy neighbor. (Beowulf risks his life to help a neighbor, King Hrothgar, in trouble.)(5) Forces of darkness—irrational, menacing—are always at work in society.The writing features of Beowulf1). The most important is in alliterative(头韵的) verse and in artistic form.2). Another is the frequent use of metaphors and understatements(暗含的意义) for ironical humor.The Faerie(Fairy) Queene and Commentsa long poem1 The dominating thoughts of it: nationalism, humanism and Puritanism2 The Spenserian stanza: a verse form consisting of 8 iambic pentameter lines followed by a ninth line of 6 iambic feet with the rhyme scheme ababbcbcc.3 The Faerie Queene is the first national epic of England in the age of the Renaissance. It expresses the poet’s patriotic feelings of national greatness, and voices the moral ideals of the English aristocracy as embodied in the noble, virtuous and brave knight.The Image of Hamlet1. He is a humanist free from medieval prejudice and superstition. He has love for the world rather than heaven, he cherishes a firm belief inman’s power and destiny.2. He loves good and hates evil. He adore his father, loves Ophelia and greets his school-fellows with hearty welcome, while he is disgusted with his uncle’s drunkenness and shocked by his mother’s shallowness3. His intellectual genius is outstanding. He is a close observer. He can easily see through people. His quick perception drives him to penetrate below the surface of things and question what others take for granted. He is scholar, soldier and statesman. His image reflects the versatility of the men of the Renaissance.The Merchant of VeniceThe traditional themeTo praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew.The modern interpretationTo regard the play as a satire of the Christians’hypocrisy and their false standards of friendship and love, their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against Jews, here represented by ShylockParadise lost1. The theme of the poem is a revolt against God’s authority.2. God: selfish despot暴君,cruel, unjust3. Adam and Eve embody Milton’s belief in the powers of man, craving (longing) for knowledge4. God’s angels are foolish, resembling the court of an absolute monarch.5. Satan is a rebel against tyranny(专制，暴行) and Satan and his followers resemble a republican ParliamentThe Image of Satan1. Satan is the real hero of the poem.2. He is firmer than the rest of the angels.3. He has an invincible(战无不胜的) heart.4. Satan remains superior in nobility and welcomes his defeat and his torments as a glory, a liberty and a joy;5. Satan is the spirit questioning the authority of God.6. Milton makes Satan as his own mouthpiece(代言人).The Pilgrim’s ProgressB unyan’s language1.Bunyan’s language is chiefly plain and colloquial and quite modern in comparison with that of the writers of the Renaissance.2. His language is clear, vivid, natural, homely (朴实的), fluent, musical and powerful.3. He paved the way not only in language style but also in writing technique of novels, for the novelists of the 18th century as Swift and Defoe.The image of Robinson Crusoe1.One of the representative of the rising bourgeoisie2. An enterprising Englishman3. A laborer, a hard-working industrious and intelligent man.4. A typical colonizer, explorer, and a foreign trader.5.He is alert, vigorous and resourcefulBlake’s poems such as tiger 《老虎》and comments on Blank(1) Blake’s poems seem easy but difficult to understand for his m mysterious images and symbols, unless versed in ( skilled at )religious knowledge.(2) Blake’s poems are full of emotion and apparent presentation of his progressive democratic idea in symbolismComments1) Blake was opposed to the classicism of the 18th century.2) His poems were full of romantic spirit, imagery symbolism and revolutionary spirit.3) He was a Pre-Romanticist or forerunner of the romantic poetry of the 19th century.Comments on Burns & His Poems1. Burns was one of the most famous poetsof the peasants in the world.2. He obtained the characteristic of all old Scottish songs: simplicity, vividness, humor, directness and optimism, with anew spirit of romanticism.Explanation William Wordsworth poem i wandered lonely【赏析】：这首诗写于诗人从法国回来不久。
初中英语文学作品词汇
初中英语文学作品词汇
初中英语文学作品的词汇量通常会比一般的初中英语教材要大，涉及的词汇范围也更广泛。
以下是一些常见的初中英语文学作品词汇：
1. 小说类：
protagonist：主人公
antagonist：反派人物
plot：情节
subplot：副情节
setting：背景
theme：主题
character development：人物发展
dialogue：对话
narration：叙述
2. 散文类：
essay：散文
imagery：意象
diction：措辞
syntax：句法
paragraph：段落
structure：结构
3. 诗歌类：
stanza：诗节
rhyme：韵律
meter：韵律
simile：明喻
metaphor：隐喻
personification：拟人化4. 其他常见词汇：
description：描述
symbol：象征
motif：主题
conflict：冲突
resolution：解决
irony：讽刺
foreshadowing：预示5. 高级词汇：
eloquent：雄辩的
verbose：啰嗦的
concise：简洁的
decipher：破译
waver：动摇
whimsy：奇思妙想
这些词汇在学习初中英语文学作品时可能会经常遇到。
掌握这些词汇有助于更好地理解文学作品，提高英语阅读和写作能力。
当然，还有很多其他的词汇，这只是一个基本的列表。
故事文学英语词汇大全学习文学作品中常见的英语词汇和表达方式
故事文学英语词汇大全学习文学作品中常见的英语词汇和表达方式一、简介在学习故事文学和阅读文学作品时，了解并熟悉常见的英语词汇和表达方式是非常重要的。
这些词汇和表达方式可以帮助我们更好地理解和欣赏文学作品，并提升我们的英语阅读能力。
本篇文章将为大家介绍故事文学中常见的英语词汇和表达方式，希望能对大家的学习有所帮助。
二、人物描写1. Character（人物）在文学作品中，我们会遇到各种各样的人物角色。
以下是一些常见的人物描写词汇和表达方式：- Hero（英雄）: A protagonist who is admired for his/her noble qualities.- Villain（恶棍）: An antagonist who is evil and causes conflict in the story.- Protagonist（主角）: The main character whom the story revolves around.- Antagonist（反派）: The character or force that opposes the protagonist.- Sidekick（搭档）: A loyal companion or assistant to the main character.- Supporting character（配角）: Characters who play a smaller role in the story.2. Appearance（外貌）描写人物外貌是文学作品中一个重要的描写方面。
下面是一些用于描述人物外貌的常见词汇：- Tall（高大）: Having a greater height than average.- Short（矮小）: Not being tall in stature.- Slim（纤瘦）: Having a slender and graceful figure.- Plump（丰满）: Having a pleasantly rounded or curvaceous figure.- Fair（白皙）: Having a light complexion.- Tanned（晒黑）: Having darkened skin due to exposure to the sun.- Curly（卷发）: Having hair that forms curls or waves.- Bald（秃头）: Having no hair on the head.3. Personality（个性）人物的个性特点也是文学作品中经常出现的描写要素。
大学英语教材单词分类
大学英语教材单词分类在大学英语学习过程中，单词是非常重要的一部分，它们是我们构建语言基础的基石。
然而，由于英语单词数量众多，学生们常常感到头疼。
因此，将英语教材中的单词进行分类，对学生们更好地理解和掌握这些单词至关重要。
在本文中，我们将对大学英语教材的单词进行分类，以帮助读者更好地学习和记忆这些单词。
一、常见词汇类别1. 动词（Verbs）：表示动作、状态或变化的词汇。
如：run, eat, sleep等。
2. 名词（Nouns）：表示人、事物或概念的词汇。
如：book, table, love等。
3. 形容词（Adjectives）：用来描述或修饰名词的词汇。
如：beautiful, happy, tall等。
4. 副词（Adverbs）：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词汇。
如：quickly, very, well等。
5. 介词（Prepositions）：用来表示时间、地点或关系的词汇。
如：in, on, at等。
6. 代词（Pronouns）：用来代替名词的词汇。
如：he, she, it等。
7. 连词（Conjunctions）：用来连接词与词、句与句的词汇。
如：and, but, or等。
8. 数词（Numbers）：表示数量的词汇。
如：one, two, three等。
二、学科词汇类别1. 数学词汇（Mathematics vocabulary）：包括数学中的各类词汇，如：addition, subtraction, equation等。
2. 科学词汇（Science vocabulary）：用于描述科学概念和实验的词汇，例如：experiment, hypothesis, biology等。
3. 文学词汇（Literature vocabulary）：用于描述文学作品和表达文学意义的词汇，如：metaphor, symbolism, protagonist等。
4. 历史词汇（History vocabulary）：描述历史事件和人物的词汇，例如：revolution, emperor, civilization等。
英语常见专业词汇分类汇总
英语常见专业词汇分类汇总一、工程与技术：1. Architectural design（建筑设计）: the process of creating a plan for the construction of a building or structure.2. Civil engineering（土木工程）: the design, construction, and maintenance of structures such as roads, bridges, and buildings.3. Mechanical engineering（机械工程）: the branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction, and operation of machinery.4. Electrical engineering（电气工程）: the branch of engineering concerned with the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism.5. Computer programming（计算机编程）: the process of designing and writing computer programs.6. Telecommunications（电信）: the transmission of information over long distances using electronic or optical signals.7. Aerospace engineering（航空航天工程）: the branch of engineering concerned with the design and construction of aircraft and spacecraft.8. Environmental engineering（环境工程）: the branch of engineering concerned with the development of sustainable solutions to environmental problems.二、医学与健康：1. Anatomy（解剖学）: the branch of science that deals with the structure and organization of living things.2. Physiology（生理学）: the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.3. Genetics（遗传学）: the study of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.4. Pharmacology（药理学）: the branch of medicine concerned with the study of drugs and their effects on the body.5. Radiology（放射学）: the branch of medicine that uses medical imaging techniques to diagnose and treat diseases.6. Psychiatry（精神病学）: the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental health disorders.7. Cardiology（心脏病学）: the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases.8. Oncology（肿瘤学）: the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.三、商业与经济：1. Marketing（市场营销）: the process of promoting and selling products or services.2. Accounting（会计）: the process of recording, analyzing, and reporting financial transactions.3. Economics（经济学）: the study of how individuals, businesses, and governments allocate resources and make decisions.4. Finance（金融学）: the management of money, banking, investments, and credit.5. International trade（国际贸易）: the exchange of goods and services between countries.6. Entrepreneurship（创业）: the activity of starting a new business venture or taking a risk in order to make a profit.7. Supply chain management（供应链管理）: the coordination and oversight of the flow of goods, information, and finances from suppliers to end consumers.8. Market research（市场调研）: the process of gathering and analyzing data about customers, competitors, and market trends to make informed business decisions.四、计算机科学：1. Algorithm（算法）: a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing a task.2. Programming language（编程语言）: a formal language used to write computer programs.3. Artificial intelligence（人工智能）: the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that would normally require human intelligence.4. Data mining（数据挖掘）: the process of discovering patterns and relationships in large datasets.5. Network security（网络安全）: the protection of computer networks and their data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction.6. Software engineering（软件工程）: the application of engineering principles to the design, development, and maintenance of software systems.7. Machine learning（机器学习）: the study of algorithms and statistical models that enable computers to learn from and make predictions or decisions based on data.8. User interface（用户界面）: the means by which a user interacts with a computer, website, or application.五、法律与政治：1. Constitutional law（宪法法学）: the body of law that defines the relationship between different entities within a state, namely the executive,the legislature, and the judiciary.2. Criminal law（刑法）: the body of law that deals with offenses against the state, such as murder, theft, and assault.3. International law（国际法）: the body of law that governs the relations between states and other international actors.4. Human rights（ ** ）: the basic rights and freedoms to which allindividuals are entitled, such as the right to life, liberty, and equality.5. Public policy（公共政策）: the principles, actions, and decisions adoptedby government or public authorities to address societal problems or meetpublic needs.6. Political science（政治科学）: the study of political systems, behavior,and ideologies.7. Diplomacy（外交）: the profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations, typically by a country's representatives abroad.8. Legislation（立法）: the process of making or enacting laws through the legislative branch of government.六、社会科学与人文学科：1. Sociology（社会学）: the study of human society, social behavior, and the consequences of social relationships.2. Psychology（心理学）: the scientific study of the mind and behavior.3. Anthropology（人类学）: the study of human societies, cultures, andphysical characteristics.4. History（历史学）: the study of past events, particularly in human affairs.5. Literature（文学）: written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit.6. Philosophy（哲学）: the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, and mind.7. Linguistics（语言学）: the scientific study of language and its structure, including phonetics, syntax, and semantics.8. Art history（艺术史）: the study of visual arts from ancient times to the present, including painting, sculpture, architecture, and photography.七、自然科学与数学：1. Biology（生物学）: the study of living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, and evolution.2. Chemistry（化学）: the study of the composition, properties, and reactions of substances.3. Physics（物理学）: the study of matter, energy, and the interactions between them.4. Mathematics（数学）: the study of numbers, quantity, space, and structure,including algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics.5. Geology（地质学）: the study of the Earth's physical structure, history,and processes.6. Astronomy（天文学）: the study of celestial objects, such as stars, planets, comets, and galaxies.7. Environmental science（环境科学）: the study of the environment and the effects of human activities on it.8. Statistics（统计学）: the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.八、教育与心理学：1. Pedagogy（教育学）: the study and practice of teaching and educational methods.2. Educational psychology（教育心理学）: the branch of psychology that deals with the study of teaching methods and learning processes.3. Curriculum development（课程开发）: the process of creating and designing educational programs and courses.4. Special education（特殊教育）: the education of students with special needs or disabilities.5. Counseling psychology（咨询心理学）: the branch of psychology that focuses on providing therapeutic services to individuals and groups.6. Child psychology（儿童心理学）: the study of children's mental andemotional development and behavior.7. School psychology（学校心理学）: the application of psychologicalprinciples and techniques in educational settings to promote the learning and emotional well-being of students.8. Adult education（成人教育）: the provision of educational opportunities and programs for adults, often focused on professional development or personal enrichment.九、艺术与设计：1. Fine arts（美术）: the creation and appreciation of visual art, such as painting, sculpture, and printmaking.2. Graphic design（平面设计）: the art and practice of planning and projecting ideas and experiences with visual and textual content.3. Fashion design（服装设计）: the art of applying design, aesthetics, and natural beauty to clothing and its accessories.4. Industrial design（工业设计）: the process of creating and developing concepts and specifications for products or systems.5. Architecture（建筑学）: the art and science of designing and constructing buildings and other physical structures.6. Interior design（室内设计）: the art and science of enhancing the interior of a building to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment for the people using the space.7. Photography（摄影）: the art, application, and practice of creating durable images using a camera or other light-sensitive equipment.8. Film and video production（影视制作）: the process of creating and producing films, television shows, and video content.十、环境与地理：1. Ecology（生态学）: the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment.2. Environmental science（环境科学）: the study of the environment and the impact of human activities on it.3. Geography（地理学）: the study of the Earth's surface, its physical features, climate, population, and how humans interact with these factors.4. Climate change（气候变化）: the long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place.5. Conservation（保护）: the preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment and of wildlife.6. Sustainable development（可持续发展）: the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.7. Urban planning（城市规划）: the practice of envisioning and regulating the use of space in urban areas, including transportation and infrastructure.8. Environmental policy（环境政策）: the set of guidelines and principles that govern the regulation and management of the environment.。
2021新高考英语词汇-语篇模式一轮复习课件：主题语境2 Topic 28 文学与艺术
The director was fully convinced that this moving story, if it was adapted for television, would be a hit. (改为省略句)
→The director was fully convinced that this moving story, ____if__ad_a_p_t_e_d_f_o_r_t_el_e_v_is_i_o_n_________， would be a hit.
(1)根据句意写出加黑词的最佳释义
①Recent research has cast new light on the causes of the disease.___投__射___
②—Would you like to see the film in which a lot of film stars are cast? —Yes! What's the name of the film？___选__派__角__色_______
主题语境（二）
人与社会TopicFra bibliotek28文学与艺术
文学 (Literature)
literature, contemporary, culture, short story, folk, creative, be based on, description, __c_h_a_r_a_c_te_r_ ['kærəktə(r)]49, ___a_d_a_p_t___ [ə'dæpt]35, prose, original, be set in, work, rhyme, novelist, poem, admire, comedy, fiction, tale, __a_d_v_e_n_tu_r_e_ [əd'ventʃə(r)]56, copyright, essay, line, hero, Nobel Prize, picture, theme, biography, chapter, draft, __f_a_n_ta_s_y_ ['fæntəsi]17, plot
文学专业英语词汇
Literature 文学Classical literture 古典文学Contemporary literature 现代文学Popular literature 大众文学Light literature 通俗文学Folklore 民间文学Saga (river) novel 长篇小说Short novel, long short story 中篇小说Short story 短篇小说Love story 爱情小说Detective story 侦探小说Mystery story 怪诞小说Whodunit 推理小说Humorous story 幽默小说Historical novel 历史小说Essay 随笔Book of travels 游记Reportage 报告文学Criticism 评论Best seller 畅销书Anthology 选集The complete works(of) 全集Edition, printing 版Masterpiece 杰作Copyright 版权, 著作权Deluxe binding 精装Flat stitching 平装Smyth sewed 线装Humanities 人文学科Writer 作家Book 书V olume 卷Theatre 戏剧(美作theater)Drama 话剧Comedy 喜剧Tragedy 悲剧Farce 滑稽剧Play 剧本The three unities 三一律(一个情节,一个地点,一个时间) Playwright 编剧Act 幕Scene 场Plot 情节Intrigue 错综复杂的剧情Story 故事Episode 逸事Ending, denouement 结局Poetry 诗歌Poet 诗人Poem 诗Epic poetry 史诗Epopee 叙事诗Ode 颂歌Sonnet 十四行诗Verse, stanza (诗)节Line (诗)行Rhyme 韵脚,押韵Metrics 韵律学,格律学Prose 散文Novel 小说Biography 自传Allegory 寓言Science fiction 科幻,科学幻想小说Satire 讽刺诗Essay 杂文Composition 学术著作Rhetoric 修辞学Oratory 讲演术Declamation 朗诵技巧Improvisation 即席讲演Criticism 批判主义Critic 批评家Wit 才智,创作才能Eloquence 文才Lyricism 抒情性。
汉语言文学专业英语词汇
masterpiece杰作
copyright版权,著作权
deluxe binding精装
flat stitching平装
smyth sewed线装
humanities人文学科
writer作家
book书
volume卷
theatre戏剧(美作:theater)
drama话剧
annotation [ ]n.注解.注释
antecedent [ ]n. (关系代词的)先行词
antithesis [ ]n. 1.对立面;对立2. (修辞学)对语,对偶,对句
antonomasia [ ]n.代称，称呼替换
antonym [ ]n.反义词,反义现象
aphorism [ ]n.格言.警句.箴言
block language块语、标题式语言(有限语境中使用缩略结构如No smoking)
borrow(ing)借用.借词
bound clause粘附句
bound morpheme粘着语素
bounding theory界限理论
bracketing括号法
broad transcription宽式音标
command [ ]命令（句）
commissive承诺语
common普通的.共同的（--- core共核）（--- noun普通名词）
comparative [ ] a比较的.比较级的
competence [ ]n.语言能力
complement(ation)补语
complementary互补.相反
basic form基本形式
behaver行为者
behavioural process行为过程
常见实用教育学专业英语词汇
教育术语人为环境artificial environment口述作文 oral composition口授oral instruction; oral teaching; verbal instruction 口算oral arithmetic口语表达oral expression小学学科 primary subject工作单元 unit of work; work unit分析教学analytic instruction分科教学 departmental teaching分级；分班class grouping分组制group system分组教学group instruction分组实验法 brigade-laboratory method少年文学 juvenile literature幻灯片 lantern slide心算mental arithmetic户外作业 out-door study; out-door work户外运动out-door sport手语法 sign language手语术chirology; dactylogy文化学科culture subject文学科目 literary course方案课程 project curriculum日课表daily program; daily schedule;programme; time schedule主科major subject主学习primary learning出席 attendance出席簿attendance book可教性 educability必修学科 required subject本土知识 native knowledge正反例证法method of positive and negative cases正式学科 formal subject正误例证法 method of right and wrong cases示范 demonstration示范教学 demonstration teaching再发现法 method of rediscovery同心圆方法 concentric circle method同时教学法 simultaneous method同时学习 simultaneous learning年级分组制 grade group plan成绩进步表 grade-progress table自由游戏 free play自修 self-culture自习 self-study自然科学通论 General science儿童中心教育 child-centered education儿童画 children's drawing玩具 plaything; toy知识科目；资讯学科 information subject社会化教学 Socialized teaching初级读本 primer指定科目 prescribed course指定读物 required reading活动课程 activity curriculum活动学校 activity school相互教学制 mutual system研究学程；研究科目；专题研究科目 seminar course科目 course科目；学科 subject背诵法 method of recitation胎教 antenatal training乘法表 multiplication table家庭作业 home work家庭课业 home lesson恩物 Gift时事教学 current events instruction朗诵 oral reading案例分组法 case-group method案例法 case history method; case method; case study method案例教学法 case method of instruction特殊教育 special education特殊教学法 special didactics班级教学 class teaching班级经营 class management; classroom management记诵 memorization记忆训练 memory training记忆术 memory system讨论法 method of discussion训育学 didactics参考书 reference book问题法 problem method国定教科书 national textbook基本科目；基本学科 fundamental subject基础课程{英语反复练习} basal course基础读物 foundation reader专业训练 professional training专业课程 professional curriculum强记 hypermnesia从生活中学习 learning through living从经验中学习 learning by experience推广科目 extension course教材 material of instruction; matter for teaching; subject matter; subject-matter教材选择 selection of subject matter教育电影 educational cinema教室讨论 class discussion教室参观 class visitation教室课表 room schedule教科书 school book; text-book; textbook教案 lesson plan教学法 method of instruction; method of teaching; teaching method 教学科目 course of instruction教学效能 teaching efficiency教学专业 profession of teaching教学单元 method-whole of teaching; teaching unit教学模式 model of teaching启发式教学 developmental mode of teaching; heuristic mode of teaching 略读 rough reading; skimming reading野外实习 field practice博览法 extensive method普通教授学 General didactics普通教学法 general method of teaching智能障碍教育 education for mental retardation发表教学 presentative instruction发表学科 expressive subject童话 nursery tale进步测验 progress test集中学习 massed learning填充法 completion method新生训练 orientation course补充读物 supplementary book; supplementary reading诘问考试 cross-examination跳读 skipping reading游戏法 play method顿悟学习；洞悟学习 insight learning团体游戏 organized play图示教学法 pictorial method; picture method图画完成测验 picture completion test实地工作 field work实地学习课 field lesson实物 material object实习；练习 practice实习课；练习课 practice lesson实验教育 experimental education实验教学法 experimental didactics实验学校 experimental school; laboratory school演示课 demonstration lesson演讲；辩论术 elocution [= oration]精读 detailed reading辅助班级 auxiliary class辅助学校 auxiliary school辅导算术 remedial arithmetic辅导学习法 supervised study札记法 notebook method模仿学习 learning by imitation练习法 drill method; practice method课 lesson课程 curriculum课程分化 curricula-differentiation; differentiated curriculum课程表 program of studies; table of curriculum课程建构 construction of curriculum课间自习 busy work适性教育 adaptive physical education阅读法 reading method阅读书单 reading list学年会议 grade forum学习指导 direction of learning学习效率 learning efficiency机械记忆 rote memory机械教学 rote teaching机械学习 rote learning独立阅读 independent reading选择题 multiple-choice test默写 dictation默读 silent reading婴儿班 baby class戏剧表演法 method of dramatic expression营养学 dietetics矫正教育{智能障碍教育} Correctional education; Corrective education 联想学习 associative learning讲述法 method of telling讲授；教导；教学 instruction讲演 lecture简明教科书 brief textbook证明法 method of verification难题箱 problem box露天教学班 fresh-air class读书会 reading circle体育指导员 athletic director观念联合；联想 association of ideas观察法 observation methodCase study 个案研究 Basic knowledge 基础知识Basic skill基本技能 Full-time educational programme 全日制教育计划Skilled worker 技术个人 Semi-skilled worker 半技术个人School-leaver 毕业生、离校生 Comprehensive school 综合学校Specialized staff 专业教师 Block release 离校学习、离岗学习Vocational qualification 职业资格 Career education 生计教育Social skills 社交技能 Life skills 生活技能School environment 学校环境 Work experience 工作经验Actual experience 实际经验 Work-study programme 工读计划Co-operative education programme 合作教育计划Lower technician 初级技术个人Technical education 技术教育 Final examination 期末考试Practical experience 实践经验 Dual system 双元制The Ministry of Education/abor 教育部/劳动部L Physical education 体育Sandwich program三明治教育计划 Vocational guidance 职业指导Job mobility岗位/职业流动 Educational research 教育研究Cognitive/affective/psychomotor domain 认知/情感/动作技能领域Performance/behavioral objective 操作性/行为目标Evaluation technique 评价技术 Information service 信息服务Tracer system of school-leaver 毕业生追踪制度Job analyses 工作分析 Social status 社会地位Disadvantage group 弱势群体 Teacher training 教师培训Entrance level入学水平 College of advanced education 高等教育学院Teachers’ college 师范学院 Infant teacher 幼儿教师Full-time course 全日制课程Part-time course 部分时间制课程Teacher-preparation 师资培养 Home science 家政学Technical college 技术学院 Government/public/dependent school 公立学校Post-graduate degree硕士学位 Bachelor of Education教育学学士Pre-service training 职前培训 Monotechnical institution单一技术教育机构Concurrent programme双轨教育计划 Student teacher师范生Non-government/private/independent school 私立学校Bachelor of Arts/Science 文学士/理学士 Economic benefits经济效益Technological progress 技术进步 Polytechnical college 多科技术学院Vocational course职业课程 Tertiary eduction 高等教育Director of education 教育局长 Principal of college 学院院长Teaching staff 教师队伍 Educational facilities 教育设施Diploma student 大专学生 University student 大学学生Senior staff 资深教师，老教师 Social sciences 社会科学Humanity sciences人文科学 Diploma course文凭课程（大专课程）Well-qualified staff 优秀教师 Academic standard 学术标准Tertiary non-university education 非大学实施的高等教育Bachelor Of Technology技术学士 Bachelor Of Business 商学士Agricultural college 农学院 Scientific principles 科学原则Specialist institutions专业性教育机构 Academic stature 学术水平salary scale工资级别 academic status 学术地位Primary student（小学生） secondary-level student（中学生）secondary diploma student（中专生） diploma student（大专生）university student（大学生） postgraduate student（研究生）Diploma course/degree course（学位课程）Subject matter学科内容 College preparatory curriculum 大学预科课程Science curriculum理科课程 Premedical curriculum 医科大学预科课程Curriculum design课程设计 Curriculum development 课程编制/开发Curriculum planning 课程规划 Subject curriculum 学科课程Planned curriculum规划的课程 Formal curriculum 正式课程Experienced curriculum 经验的课程/体验的课程Perceived curriculum 领悟的课程 Instructional strategy 教学策略Curriculum objective 课程目标 Learning situation 学习情境Learning process 学习过程 Learning outcome 学习结果Competency-based education 能力本位教育Vocational education 职业教育 Learning environment 学习环境K-12 programs 幼儿园至12年级教育计划subject –centered curriculum学科中心课程 Open curriculum 开放课程Curriculum-program-course-subjectPrimary school（英国用法） elementary school（美国用法）Accountability model 奖惩性模式 Merit pay 奖金Local education authority（LEA）地方教育当局Professional development model 专业发展模式Education innovation 教育改革 Headteacher 主任教员Pilot study 试点研究 Appraisal cycle 评价周期Classroom observation课堂听课 Appraisal statement 评价报告经典术语it never rains but it pours.不鸣则已，一鸣惊人。
高考英语必记词汇之文学艺术
高考英语必记词汇之文学艺术高频单词Group 11. abstract adj. 抽象的n. 摘要，提要2. adapt v. （使）适合；改编，改写adaptation n. 适应，改编本3. annual adj. 每年的；n. 年刊4. appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激appreciation n. 欣赏，鉴定，评估5. biography n. 传记6. classic adj. 经典的；n. 名著7. chapter n. 章（节），回8. character n. 角色；人物9. classify v. 分类，归类10. describe vt. 描写，叙述description n. 描述，描写Group 21. designn. &vt. 设计，图案，图样，样式2. desirevt. &n. 要求；期望3. diverseadj. 不同的，多种多样的，形形色色的4. documentn. 文件，文献5. draftn. 草图，草稿；草案vt. 起草；草拟6. drawingn. 绘画，绘图7. editionn. 版本；（发行物的）版8. essayn. 论说文；散文9. evaluatev. 估计，评价，评估10. exhibitionn. 展览；展览会Group 31. fictionn. （虚构）小说2. figuren. 数字；（人的）体形；人物；（绘画、雕刻）人物像vt. 认为；计算3. galleryn. 画廊4. lackn. &vt. 缺乏，缺少5. literaturen. 文学literaryadj. 文学的；从事文学研究（或写作）的6. masterpiecen. 代表作7. musicn. 音乐，乐曲musicaladj. 音乐的，爱好音乐的n. 音乐剧musiciann. 音乐家，乐师8. noveln. （长篇）小说novelistn. 小说家9. operan. 歌剧10. originaladj. 原创的；n.原作Group 41. performancen. 表演2. pianistn. 钢琴家pianon. 钢琴3. playwrightn. 剧作家4. poemn. 诗poetn. 诗人poetryn. 诗（总称）5. popularadj. 流行的，受欢迎的6. preciousadj. 宝贵的，珍贵的7. preciseadj. 准确的，精确的，确切的8. prizen. 奖品9. publishvt. 出版，发行10. recommendvt. 推荐Group 51. recordn. 记录；唱片2. ridiculousadj. 荒谬的，愚蠢的3. sculpturen. 雕塑（术），雕刻（术），雕刻作品, 雕像4. subscribev. 订阅，订购（报刊等）5. substitutev. 代替，取代6. thrilln. &v. 兴奋，激动thrillern. 惊险小说7. translatevt. 翻译translationn. 翻译；译文8. vividadj. 栩栩如生的，鲜艳的9. violinn. 小提琴violinistn. 小提琴演奏者，小提琴手10. worksn. 著作，作品高频短语Group 11. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力2. adapt. . . from sth. 根据……改编3. bring sb. happiness给某人带来愉悦4. be set in以……为背景5. come into existence形成6. enrich one’s life丰富某人的生活7. for sale供出售，待售8. give up放弃9. go through many difficulties 经历许多困难10. have a strong interest in对……有着浓厚的兴趣Group 21. have an effect on对……有影响2. in terms of从……角度看；关于；至于3. leave sb. a deep impression给某人留下深刻印象4. on exhibition在展示中5. shape one’s character形成某人的性格6. sense of beauty美感7. take up从事；拿起8. widen one’s horizons开阔某人的眼界9. win the Nobel Prize in Literature 获得诺贝尔文学奖10. the key to success成功的关键写作佳句1. My hobby is reading, which allows me to reduce my stress from my work.我的爱好是读书，它使我能减轻工作带来的压力。
文学英语词汇大全了解经典文学作品的专业术语
文学英语词汇大全了解经典文学作品的专业术语文学作品是人类智慧与情感的结晶，它们通过语言表达思想，启迪读者的想象力与情感。
作为文学爱好者，了解并掌握相关的文学英语词汇是必不可少的。
本文将介绍一些经典文学作品中常见的专业术语，帮助读者更好地理解文学作品。
一、小说常用词汇1. Protagonist（主角）- 故事的中心人物，通常是发展故事情节的主要推动力。
2. Antagonist（对手）- 与主角相对立的人物，通常是制造冲突和故事发展的阻碍者。
3. Plot（情节）- 故事的基本框架，包括起承转合等不同部分。
4. Setting（背景）- 故事发生的地点和时间背景。
5. Conflict（冲突）- 故事中出现的矛盾和问题，是推动情节发展的驱动力。
6. Theme（主题）- 故事的核心思想或主旨。
7. Foreshadowing（暗示）- 在故事中提前暗示后续发展的情节或事件。
8. Symbolism（象征主义）- 通过特定的符号或象征来传递更深层次的意义。
9. Irony（讽刺）- 用逆转的手法展示出与表面相反的结果或意义。
10. Point of view（视角）- 故事叙述的角度，可以是第一人称、第三人称等。
二、诗歌专业术语1. Rhyme（押韵）- 诗歌中相邻句子或词语的音韵相同或相似。
2. Meter（韵律）- 诗歌中由重音和轻音组成的节奏。
3. Stanza（诗节）- 诗歌中的一组排列整齐的行。
4. Simile（明喻）- 通过使用"like"或"as"来进行比喻的修辞手法。
5. Metaphor（隐喻）- 直接将一个事物比作另一个事物的修辞手法。
6. Personification（拟人）- 赋予非人事物以人类特征的修辞手法。
7. Alliteration（头韵）- 诗句中多个字母或音节以相同的辅音开头。
8. Assonance（押韵）- 诗句中多个字母或音节以相同的元音结尾。
英语专业词汇
英语专业词汇1. adjective 形容词2. adverb 副词3. pronoun 代词4. numeral 数词5. preposition 介词6. conjunction 连词7. interjection 感叹词8. prefix v..给…加前缀n. 前缀9. suffix v.给…加后缀n. 后缀10. morpheme 词素11. article n.（物品）一件，一种文章，论文12. autobiography 自传13. bracket n. ⑴括号⑵（年龄，收入等的）等级段，档次v.⑴把…置于括号内⑵把…归入同一类14. chapter n.（书，文章的）章，回15. dub v.⑴给…起绰号，把…称为⑵为（电影等）配音，译制（影片）16. essay n. 散文，随笔17. fiction 小说18. grammar n. 语法（书）19. idiomatic adj. 符合习惯用法的，习俗的20. literacy n. 识字，有文化，读写能力21. literally adv. ⑴逐字地，照原文，照字面地⑵真正地22. literary adj. ⑴文学上的⑵文人的，书卷气的23. literature n. ⑴文学，文学作品⑵文献，图书资料24. masterpiece n.杰作25. motto n. ⑴箴言，格言，座右铭⑵（尤指英国圣诞节小鞭炮中彩色纸上印的）俏皮话，妙句⑶题词，题句，警句26. phrase n.乐句，短语27. prose n. 散文28. punctuation n.标点，标点符号29. sonnet n. 十四行诗30. tale n.故事，传说31. aboriginal n. 土著adj. 土著的32. archaeology n. 考古学33. Bible n. 圣经，有权威的书34. bishop n. ⑴主教⑵（国际象棋中的）象35. blessing n. 祝福36. Buddhist n. 佛教37. Buddhist n. 佛教经38. cathedral n. 大教堂39. catholic adj. ⑴天主教的⑵普遍的，广泛的。
(完整版)文学及哲学类英语词汇
英语分类词汇：文学相关词汇classical literature 古典文学contemporary literature 现代文学popular literature 大众文学light literature 通俗文学folklore 民间文学saga (river) novel 长篇小说short novel, long short story 中篇小说short story 短篇小说love story 爱情小说deterctive story 侦破小说mystery story 怪诞小说whodunit 推理小说humorous story 幽默小说historical novel 历史小说essay 随笔book of travels 游记reportage 报告文学criticism 评论best seller 畅销书anthology 选集the complete works(of) 全集edition, printing 版masterpiece 杰作copyright 版权, 著作权deluxe binding 精装flat stitching 平装smyth sewed 线装humanities 人文学科writer 作家book 书volume 卷theatre 戏剧(美作:theater)drama 话剧comedy 喜剧tragedy 悲剧farce 滑稽剧play 剧本the three unities 三一律(一个情节,一个地点,一个时间)playwright 编剧act 幕scene 场plot 情节intrigue 错综复杂的剧情story 故事episode 逸事ending, denouement 结局poetry 诗歌poet 诗人poem 诗epic poetry 史诗epopee 叙事诗ode 颂歌sonnet 十四行诗verse, stanza (诗)节line (诗)行rhyme 韵脚,押韵metrics 韵律学,格律学prose 散文novel 小说biography 自传allegory 寓言science fiction 科幻,科学幻想小说satire 讽刺诗essay 杂文composition 学术著作rhetoric 修辞学oratory 讲演术declamation 朗诵技巧improvisation 即席讲演criticism 批判主义critic 批评家wit 才智,创作才能eloquence 文才lyricism 抒情性流行书站英语分类词汇：哲学相关词汇感性Sensibility知性Understanding理性Reason认识论theory of cognition先天综合判断a priori synthetic judgment物自体thing-in-itself先验感性论Transcendental Aesthetic感性论Aesthetic直观intuition感觉sensation经验性的直观empirical intuition纯粹的直观pure intuition形而上学；玄学metaphysics质料matter形式form先验逻辑Transcendental logic先验分析论Transcendental analytic先验辩证论Transcendental dialectic纯粹的知性概念pure concepts of the understanding原则的能力faculty of principles规则的能力faculty of rules先验幻相Transcendental illusion宇宙论cosmology二律背反antinomy善的意志good will道德律令moral command至善summum bonum崇高sublime反思判断judgment of reflection[唯]意志论Voluntarism一般陶冶general culture七艺{文法、逻辑、修辞、音乐、算数、几何、天文} Seven liberal arts人本主义；人文主义humanism人本教育；人文教育humanistic education三科{文法、逻辑、修辞} trivium下意识subconsciousness士气morale大修道院学校abbey school大礼堂auditorium女生训导{史} Dean of women女修道院convent女校友alumna 工艺教育arts and crafts education; industrial arts education工艺学校arts and crafts school中古教育；中世纪教育medieval education中央学校{十九世纪初期英国国教派创设的基础学校} central school五项运动{奥运比赛项目} pentathlon公民教育Citizenship education; Education for citizenship公民德行civic virtue反省；反思reflection反省[后]行为reflective behavior反省思考reflective thought天主教教学法catholic pedagogy文化；修养culture文化教育cultural education文化教育学Culture pedagogy文字主义；字句主义verbalism方法论methodology主教座堂学校；圣公会学校Cathedral school; Episcopal school主教学校Bishop's school主智教育；主知教育Intellectualistic education 主智论；主知论Intellectualism主意教育voluntaristic education兄弟会{美国大学男生社团} fraternity可陶冶性；可塑性figurability古典主义Classicism古典语文｛古希腊文、拉丁文｝classical language 古典学科classical course古典学校；古典学派classical school四目{音乐、算数、几何、天文} quadrivium本性original nature母性maternity母道；母仪mothercraft母语mother language; mother tongue民本教育democratic education民族主义nationalism民族主义教育nationalistic education目的论teleology先天观念innate idea同情sympathy合理化[作用] rationalization回教教育；伊斯兰教育Mohammedan education [= Islamic education]自由意志free will自然主义naturalism自然主义教育naturalistic education自然趋势natural tendency自然惩罚natural punishment判断judgment助理教师assistant teacher助理教授assistant professor形式陶冶；形式训练formal culture [= formal discipline]批判分数critical score批判教育学Critical pedagogy批评课criticism lesson男生训导{史} Dean of men男生通勤学校{英，相对于寄宿学校} boy's day school系统教育学Systematic pedagogy良心conscience儿童之家children's home儿童文学children's literature儿童指导所Child-guidance clinic儿童学Paidology; Paedology夜校{英} moonlight school姊妹会{美国大学女生社团} sorority性格；品格character拉丁文法学校{英、美} Latin grammar school 泛爱主义philanthropism泛爱主义教育philanthropic education泛爱学校philanthropic school社会化socialization社会主义Socialism社会主义教育socialistic education社会学Sociology初民教育primitive education初级教义问答学校；天主教望教友要理班Catechumenal school非教派学校undenominational school品格培养character building; formation of character品格教育character education品格测验character test品格评比character rating品格诊断；品性诊断character diagnosis建教制度{就学与工作时间可轮替之制度} alternating plan; alternating system思考thinking 施济学校{英国中世纪时期修道院的慈善学校} almonry school柔性教育soft education查经班Bible class相属原则Principle of belonging美育aesthetic education美育[教]学esthetic pedagogy美感aesthetic feeling美感判断esthetic judgment美学aesthetics; esthetics军国主义；黩武思想；军国民主义militarism 重述要旨；简述大意recapitulation音乐学校conservatory; music school个人主义individualism修女学校nunnery school修道院cloister修道院教育monastic education修道院学校monastery school; monastic school; cloister school修辞学校rhetorical school伦理教育ethical education伦理学Ethics原理；原则principle原创性originality哲学的教育学philosophical pedagogy宫廷学校Court school; Palace school校友alumnus; alumni {pl.}校友会alumni association校风school ethos格言；行为准则maxim气质temperament消极训练negative discipline消极教育negative education消极适应negative adaptation神学校Theological seminary神学院divinity school; theological college; theological seminary神学教育theological education纯粹科学pure science虔敬主义pietism高级教义问答学校；天主教进阶要理班Catechetical school副校长assistant principal副教授associate professor唱诗学校Choir school问答法question and answer method唯物论materialism唯实主义教育realistic education唯实论；实在论realism国家教育；民族教育national education基督宗教教育Christian education专业道德；专业伦理[学] professional ethics情感[作用]；感情affection情操sentiment推论；推理inference [= reasoning]教生{英国17世纪中叶用法}；实习教师{英国现行用法} student-teacher; trainee teacher教育工作者educator教育可能性possibility of education教育史History of education教育决定论educational determinism教育委员{十九世纪英国中央层级的教育委员，负责对各级教育的视导} commissioner on education 教育哲学Educational philosophy; Philosophy of education教育价值educational value教育学家；教育学者educationalist; educationist 教育历程educational process教派学校{基督宗教} denominational school; sectarian school教区学校parish school; parochial school教规；训诫precept教会教育Church education; Missionary education教会学校Mission school教义问答教学法{要理问答教学法} catechetic; catechism; catechetic method教仆{古希腊}；教育学者pedagogue启蒙运动Enlightenment; The enlightenment理性；理由reason理性教育rational education理性论；理性主义rationalism理想ideal理论教育学theoretical pedagogy现代语文；现代外语{相对于古典语文} modern languages毕业式commencement移动学校{美国初期为解决郊区学子就学问题所提供教师至该区巡回教育的措施} moving school规范科学{相对于实证科学} normative science通艺学科；博艺学科liberal arts陆军学校army school 陶冶；教化cultivation陶治；教育{德} bildung博士论文Doctoral dissertation; Doctorate dissertation博士学位Doctorate; Doctor's degree; Doctoral degree博雅教育liberal education发生法genetic method象征主义symbolism进化论派教育学Evolutionistic pedagogy进步主义教育progressive education传记法biographical method奥林匹克运动会{奥运} Olympian ; Olympic ; Olympic games意志will意志教育education of will意识consciousness意识流streams of consciousness慈善学校charity school感官训练sense training感官唯实论sense realism感官教育sense education感官陶冶sense culture感情；感受；情感feeling爱国主义；爱国情操patriotism新人本主义；新人文主义neohumanism新教育New education新教学校Protestant school暗示suggestion暗示感受性suggestibility暗示诘问suggestive questioning溯因考察causal investigation禁闭confinement punishment禁欲主义Asceticism经院主义；士林哲学Scholasticism经院学者；士林哲学家Scholastic经验教育学Empirical pedagogy经验论；经验主义Empiricism圣经学校Bible school资讯；知识information [=knowledge]运动员风度；运动家精神sportsmanship道德morality道德教育moral education道德教学moral instruction顿悟；洞悟；洞见；洞察insight实用主义pragmatism实质训练material discipline实质陶冶material culture对话法dialogistical method歌咏团glee club演绎法deductive method种族差异race difference罚则penalty schedule诵读学校；阅读学校{中世纪以来的基础识字教育} reading school俭约教育thrift education剑桥制{1839年美国麻州剑桥地区允许资赋优异小学生修读两年即可跳级毕业的措施} Cambridge plan审美aesthetic appreciation模范课model lesson模范学校model school论理次序；逻辑次序logical order论理学；逻辑；理哲学Logic养育{后天教养，与nature相对} nurture学士Bachelor学士学位Bachelors' degree学位巾academic hood学位帽mortar-board学府{古希腊}；大学区{法}；中学{英、美旧制}；学术性质之会社；军事院校academy学者；学生{英} scholar学科轮替制alternation of studies学徒；艺徒apprentice学徒制apprentice ship system; apprentice system学徒教育apprentice ship education学徒学校apprentice school学校；学派school学校志chronicle of school学院袍academic gown导生{英} monitor导生分组制monitorial-group plan导生制{史} monitorial system导生学校monitor school积极教育positive education应用科学applied science矫正院；感化院House of correction斋舍制{英国公学制度} house system归纳法inductive method骑士教育chivalric education惩罚penalty; punishment 艺术教育art education; artistic education续学运动back-to-the-school movement辩证法dialectic; dialectics观念idea观念论{知识论}；唯心论{形上学}；理想主义{伦理学} idealism陶冶；教化cultivation陶治；教育{德}bildung博士论文Doctoraldissertation Doctoratedissertation博士学位Doctorate Doctor'sdegree Doctoraldegree博雅教育liberaleducation发生法geneticmethod象征主义symbolism进化论派教育学Evolutionisticpedagogy进步主义教育progressiveeducation传记法biographicalmethod奥林匹克运动会{奥运}Olympian Olympic Olympicgames意志will意志教育educationofwill意识consciousness意识流streamsofconsciousness慈善学校charityschool感官训练sensetrainin感官唯实论senserealism感官教育senseeducation感官陶冶senseculture感情；感受；情感feeling爱国主义；爱国情操patriotism新人本主义；新人文主义neohumanism新教育Neweducation新教学校Protestantschool暗示suggestion暗示感受性suggestibility暗示诘问suggestivequestioning溯因考察causalinvestigation禁闭confinementpunishment禁欲主义Asceticism经院主义；士林哲学Scholasticism经院学者；士林哲学家Scholastic经验教育学Empiricalpedagogy经验论；经验主义Empiricism圣经学校Bibleschool资讯；知识information=knowledge运动员风度；运动家精神sportsmanship道德morality道德教育moraleducation道德教学moralinstruction顿悟；洞悟；洞见；洞察insight实用主义pragmatism实质训练materialdiscipline实质陶冶materialculture对话法dialogisticalmethod歌咏团gleeclub演绎法deductivemethod种族差异racedifference罚则penaltyschedule诵读学校；阅读学校{中世纪以来的基础识字教育}readingschool俭约教育thrifteducation剑桥制{1839年美国麻州剑桥地区允许资赋优异小学生修读两年即可跳级毕业的措施}Cambridgeplan审美aestheticappreciation模范课modellesson模范学校modelschool论理次序；逻辑次序logicalorder论理学；逻辑；理哲学Logic养育{后天教养，与nature相对}nurture学士Bachelor学士学位Bachelors'degree学位巾academichood学位帽mortar-board学府{古希腊}；大学区{法}；中学{英、美旧制}；学术性质之会社；军事院校academy学者；学生{英}scholar学科轮替制alternationofstudies学徒；艺徒apprentice学徒制apprenticeshipsystem apprenticesystem 学徒教育apprenticeshipeducation学徒学校apprenticeschool学校；学派school学校志chronicleofschool学院袍academicgown导生{英}monitor导生分组制monitorial-groupplan导生制{史}monitorialsystem导生学校monitorschool积极教育positiveeducation 应用科学appliedscience矫正院；感化院Houseofcorrection斋舍制{英国公学制度}housesystem归纳法inductivemethod骑士教育chivalriceducation惩罚penalty punishment艺术教育arteducation artisticeducation续学运动back-to-the-schoolmovement辩证法dialectic dialectics观念idea观念论{知识论}；唯心论{形上学}；理想主义{伦理学}idealismad hoc hypothesis 特设性假说naive realism 朴素实在论anomaly 反常negative heuristic 反面启发法auxiliary assumption 辅助假定non-normal science 非常规科学auxiliary hypothesis 辅助假说non-science 非科学basic statement 基本陈述normal science 常规科学behaviourism 行为主义object language 对象语言conceptual framework 概念框架objectivism 客观主义confirm 确证observational statement 观察陈述confirmation 确证operativism 操作主义conjecture 推测panpsychism 泛心论conventionalism 约定论parallelism 平行论conversion 改宗、改变信仰paradigm 规范corroborate 确认corroboration 确认perceptual experience 知觉经验physicalism 物理主义counter-induction 反归纳pluralism 多元论critical rationalism 批判理性主义pluralistic realism 多元实在论critical realism 批判实在论positive heuristic 正面启发法critical thought 批判思维positivism 实证主义crucial experiment 判决性实验potential falsifier 潜在证伪者deduction 演绎、演绎法prescience 前科学degree of corroboration 确认度principle of induction 归纳原理determinism 决定论principle of proliferation 扩散原理dogmatic thought 教条思维principle of tenacity 靭性原理demarcation 分界principle of transference 传递原理disposition 素质、倾向problem of induction 归纳问题downward causation 下向因果性problem shift 问题转换emergence 突现problem situation 问题状况epiphenomenalism 附带现象论proof 证明epistemological anarchy 认识论无政府状态propensity 倾向性epistemology 认识论pseudo-science 类科学、伪科学error-elimination 除错psychologism 心理主义essentialism 本质论radical instrumentalism 激进工具主义explanation 解释rationlism 理性主义fallibilism 易谬主义rationality 理性fallibility 易谬性realism 实在论falsifiability 可证伪性reality 实在falsification 证伪reductionism 还原论falsificationism 证伪主义refutability 可反驳的falsify 证伪refutation 反驳falsity content 虚假性内容research programme 研究纲领first world 第一世界second world 第二世界formal language 形式语言simplicity 简单性gestalt switch 格式塔转换singular statement 单称陈述improbablity 不可几性sophisticated falsificationism 精致的证伪主义irrationalism 非理性主义subjectioism 主观主义guess 猜测tentative theory 试验性理论heuristic 启发法test 检验hypothesis 假说testability 可检验性indeterminism 非决定论theory-laden 渗透理论induction 归纳、归纳法third world 第三世界inductionism 归纳主义thought experiment 思想实验initial condition 初始条件trial and error 试错法instant rationality 即时理性truth content 真理性内容instrumentalism 工具主义universal statement 全称陈述interactionism 相互作用论upward causation 上向因果性irrefutability 不可反驳性verifiability 可证实的justification 证明verification 证实justify 证明verify 证实justificationism 证明主义verisimilitude 逼真性logical positivism 逻辑实证主义world 1 世界1macrologic 宏观逻辑world 2 世界2mentalism 精神主义world 3 世界3metalanguage 元语言metascience 元科学metatheory 元理论micrologic 微观逻辑naive falsificationism 朴素证伪主义naive instrumentalism 朴素工具主义。
文学英语词汇大全学会描述文学作品及文学流派深化文学交流
文学英语词汇大全学会描述文学作品及文学流派深化文学交流文学英语词汇大全：学会描述文学作品及文学流派深化文学交流文学是一种表达思想、感情和创造美的艺术形式。
无论是中文还是英文的文学作品，熟练运用丰富的英语词汇来描述作品及相关的文学流派是非常重要的。
本文将为您提供一个文学英语词汇大全，以帮助您更好地描述文学作品，并深化文学交流。
一、文学作品描述1. 描写情节和主题：- The plot unfolds in a small village.（故事情节发生在一个小村庄。
）- The theme of the story revolves around love and redemption.（这个故事的主题围绕着爱和救赎。
）2. 描述角色特征：- The protagonist is a courageous and resilient young woman.（主人公是一个勇敢而有韧性的年轻女子。
）- The antagonist is portrayed as a cunning and manipulative villain.（反派被刻画成一个狡猾和操纵的恶棍。
）3. 表达情感和气氛：- The author skillfully creates a melancholic atmosphere throughout the novel.（作者巧妙地在整个小说中创造了一种忧郁的氛围。
）- The story is infused with a sense of hope and optimism.（这个故事充满了希望和乐观的情感。
）4. 形容文学作品风格：- The writing style is lyrical and poetic, evoking vivid imagery.（写作风格抒情而富有诗意，引起了生动的意象。
）- The prose is concise and precise, highlighting the author's attention to detail.（散文简练而精确，突出了作者对细节的注意。
学科专业英文词汇
学科英文词汇中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称哲学Philosophy哲学Philosophy马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学Chinese Philosophy外国哲学Foreign Philosophies逻辑学Logic伦理学Ethics美学Aesthetics宗教学Science of Religion科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学Economics理论经济学Theoretical Economics政治经济学Political Economy经济思想史History of Economic Thought经济史History of Economic西方经济学Western Economics世界经济World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics应用经济学Applied Economics国民经济学National Economics区域经济学Regional Economics财政学（含税收学）Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学（含保险学）Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学Industrial Economics国际贸易学International Trade劳动经济学Labor Economics统计学Statistics数量经济学Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学National Defense Economics法学Law法学Science of Law法学理论Jurisprudence法律史Legal History宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law(including Science of Labour Law and Science of SocialSecurity Law )诉讼法学Science of Procedure Laws经济法学Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学Science of Military Law政治学Political Science政治学理论Political Theory中外政治制度Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动Scientific Socialism and International Communist Movement中共党史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China (including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学International Politics国际关系学International Relations外交学Diplomacy社会学Sociology社会学Sociology人口学Demography人类学Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese FolkLiterature)民族学Ethnology民族学Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy中国少数民族经济Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术Chinese Ethnic Art教育学Education教育学Education Science教育学原理Educational Principle课程与教学论Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史History of Education比较教育学Comparative Education学前教育学Pre-school Education高等教育学Higher Education成人教育学Adult Education职业技术教育学Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学Special Education教育技术学Education Technology心理学Psychology基础心理学Basic Psychology发展与心理学Developmental and Educational Psychology应用心理学Applied Psychology体育学Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学Humane and Sociological Science of Sports运动人体科学Human Movement Science体育教育训练学Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学Literature中国语言文学Chinese Literature文艺学Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学Chinese Philology中国古典文献学Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature中国少数民族语言文学Chinese Ethnic Language and Literature比较文学与世界文学Comparative Literature and World Literature外国语言文学Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学English Language and Literature俄语语言文学Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学French Language and Literature德语语言文学German Language and Literature日语语言文学Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学European Language and Literature亚非语言文学Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics inForeign Languages 新闻传播学Journalism and Communication新闻学Journalism传播学Communication艺术学Art艺术学Art Theory音乐学Music美术学Fine Arts设计艺术学Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera电影学Film广播电视艺术学Radio and television Art舞蹈学Dance历史学History历史学History史学理论及史学史Historical Theories and History of Historical Science考古学及博物馆学Archaeology and Museology历史地理学Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature (including Paleography and Studies of Dunhuang) 专门史History of Particular Subjects中国古代史Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史World History理学Natural Science数学Mathematics基础数学Fundamental Mathematics计算数学Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计Probability and Mathematical Statistics应用数学Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学Physics理论物理Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理Plasma Physics凝聚态物理Condensed Matter Physics声学Acoustics光学Optics无线电物理Radio Physics化学Chemistry无机化学Inorganic Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry物理化学（含化学物理）Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics)高分子化学与物理Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学Astronomy天体物理Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学Geography自然地理学Physical Geography人文地理学Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学Atmospheric Sciences气象学Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment海洋科学Marine Sciences物理海洋学Physical Oceanography海洋化学Marine Chemistry海洋生理学Marine Biology海洋地质学Marine Geology地球物理学Geophysics固体地球物理学Solid Earth Physics空间物理学Space Physics地质学Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology地球化学Geochemistry古生物学与地层学（含古人类学）Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology) 构造地质学Structural Geology第四纪地质学Quaternary Geology生物学Biology植物学Botany动物学Zoology生理学Physiology水生生物学Hydrobiology微生物学Microbiology神经生物学Neurobiology遗传学Genetics发育生物学Developmental Biology细胞生物学Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学Biophysics生态学Ecology系统科学Systems Science系统理论Systems Theory系统分析与集成Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史History of Science and Technology工学Engineering力学Mechanics一般力学与力学基础General and Fundamental Mechanics固体力学Solid Mechanics流体力学Fluid Mechanics工程力学Engineering Mechanics机械工程Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化Mechanical Manufacture and Automation机械电子工程Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程Vehicle Engineering光学工程Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术Instrument Science and Technology精密仪器及机械Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments材料科学与工程Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学Materialogy材料加工工程Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化学Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics工程热物理Engineering Thermophysics热能工程Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械Chemical Process Equipment电气工程Electrical Engineering电机与电器Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术High Voltage and Insulation Technology电力电子与电力传动Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学Physical Electronics电路与系统Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程Information and Communication Engineering通信与信息系统Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术Computer Applied Technology建筑学Architecture建筑历史与理论Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计（含风景园林规划与设计）Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design) 建筑技术科学Building Technology Science土木工程Civil Engineering岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering结构工程Structural Engineering市政工程Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering桥梁与隧道工程Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering测绘科学与技术Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程Geodesy and Survey Engineering摄影测量与遥感Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering化学工程与技术Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程Chemical Engineering化学工艺Chemical Technology生物化工Biochemical Engineering应用化学Applied Chemistry工业催化Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程Geological Resources and Geological Engineering矿产普查与勘探Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration地球探测与信息技术Geodetection and Information Technology地质工程Geological Engineering矿业工程Mineral Engineering采矿工程Mining Engineering矿物加工工程Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering纺织科学与工程Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering服装设计与工程Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程The Light Industry Technology and Engineering制浆造纸工程Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程Sugar Engineering发酵工程Fermentation Engineering皮革化学与工程Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通运输工程Communication and Transportation Engineering道路与铁道工程Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制Traffic Information Engineering & Control交通运输规划与管理Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure 轮机工程Marine Engine Engineering水声工程Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology飞行器设计Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering兵器发射理论与技术Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与弹药工程Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering军事化学与烟火技术Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程Agricultural Biological Environmental andEnergy Engineering农业电气化与自动化Agricultural Electrification and Automation林业工程Forestry Engineering森林工程Forest Engineering木材科学与技术Wood Science and Technology林产化学加工工程Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products环境科学与工程Environmental Science and Engineering环境科学Environmental Science环境工程Environmental Engineering生物医学工程Biomedical Engineering食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering食品科学Food Science粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering农产品加工及贮藏工程Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products水产品加工及贮藏工程Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products农学Agriculture作物学Crop Science作物栽培学与耕作学Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学Horticulture果树学Pomology蔬菜学Olericulture茶学Tea Science农业资源利用学Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources土壤学Soil Science植物营养学Plant Nutrition植物保护学Plant Protection植物病理学Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control农药学Pesticide Science畜牧学Animal Science动物遗传育种与繁殖Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Science动物营养与饲料科学Animal Nutrition and Feed Science草业科学Practaculture Science特种经济动物饲养学（含蚕、蜂等）The Rearing of Special-type Economic Animals (including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.)兽医学Veterinary Medicine基础兽医学Basic Veterinary Medicine预防兽医学Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学Forestry林木遗传育种学Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学Silviculture森林保护学Forest Protection森林经理学Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用Wildlife Conservation and Utilization园林植物与观赏园艺Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating水产学Fisheries Science水产养殖学Aquaculture Science捕捞学Fishing Science渔业资源学Science of Fisheries Resources医学Medicine基础医学Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology免疫学Immunology病原生物学Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学Forensic Medicine放射医学Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学Clinical Medicine内科学（含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学）Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)儿科学Pediatrics老年医学Geriatrics神经病学Neurology精神病与精神卫生学Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学Nursing外科学（含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学）Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学Otolaryngology肿瘤学Oncology康复医学与理疗学Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy运动医学Sports Medicine麻醉学Anesthesiology急诊医学Emergency Medicine口腔医学Stomatology口腔基础医学Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学Public Health and Preventive Medicine流行病与卫生统计学Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学Occupational and Environmental Health营养与食品卫生学Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health卫生毒理学Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学Military Preventive Medicine中医学Chinese Medicine中医基础理论Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine中医医史文献History and Literature of Chinese Medicine方剂学Formulas of Chinese Medicine中医诊断学Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学Chinese Internal Medicine中医外科学Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学Gynecology of Chinese Medicine中医儿科学Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine针灸推拿学Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine民族医学Ethnomedicine中西医结合医学Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine中西医结合基础医学Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative中西医结合临床医学Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine药学Pharmaceutical Science药物化学Medicinal Chemistry药剂学Pharmaceutics生药学Pharmacognosy药物分析学Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学Pharmacology中药学Science of Chinese Pharmacology军事学Military Science军事思想学及军事历史学Military Thought and Military History军事思想学Military Thought军事历史学Military History战略学Science of Strategy军事战略学Military Strategy战争动员学War Mobilization战役学Science of Operations联合战役学Joint Operation军种战役学（含第二炮兵战役学）Armed Service Operation (including Operation of Strategic Missile Force)战术学Science of Tactics合同战术学Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学Branch Tactics军队指挥学Science of Command作战指挥学Combat Command军事运筹学Military Operation Research军事通信学Military Communication军事情报学Military Intelligence密码学Cryptography军事教育训练学（含军事体育学）Military Education and Training (including Military Physical Training)军制学Science of Military System军事组织编制学Military Organizational System军队管理学Military Management军队政治工作学Science of Military Political Work军事后勤学与军事装备学Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment军事后勤学Military Logistics后方专业勤务Rear Special Service军事装备学Military Equipment管理学Management Science管理科学与工程Management Science and Engineering工商管理学Science of Business Administration会计学Accounting企业管理学（含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学）Corporate Management (including Financial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)旅游管理学Tourist Management技术经济及管理学Technology Economy and Management农林经济管理学Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management农业经济管理学Agricultural Economics & Management林业经济管理学Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学Science of Public Management行政管理学Administration Management社会医学与卫生事业管理学Social Medicine and Health Management教育经济与管理学Educational Economy and Management社会保障学Social Security土地资源管理学Land Resource Management图书馆、情报与档案学Science of Library, Information and Archival图书馆学Library Science情报学Information Science档案学Archival Science[推荐]中国标准化规范大全通用计量术语及定义General Terms in Metrology and Their Definitions国家计量检定规程编写规则The Rules for Drafting National MetrologicalVerification Regulation流量计量名词术语及定义Metrological Terms and Their Definitions for Flow Rate标准物资常用术语(试行)General Terms of Reference Material容量、密度计量名词术语及定义（试行）Terminology and Definitions for Measurement of CapacityDensity罐内液体石油产品计量技术规范Technical Norm of the Measurement of Liquid PetroleumProducts in Tanks计量器具定型通用规范The General Norm for Pattern Evaluation of Measuring Instruments计量器具定型鉴定规范的编写导则Rules for Drafting Norms of Pattern Evraluation of Measuring Instruments产品质量检验机构计量认证技术考核规范The Technical Examination Norm for Metrology Accreditation of Testing Unit for Testing of ProductQuality计量标准命名规范The Technical Norm of Designation for Metrological Standard计量器具的可靠性分析原则Technical Norm of Reliability Analysis Principle for Measuring Instruments测量误差及数据处理技术规范（试行）Technical Norm for Error of Measurements and Interpretation of Data计量标准考核规范Technical Norm of Check for Standard of Measurement工作计量器具命名与分类代码规范Norm of Designation for Working Measuring Instrument and its Classification Code燃油加油机税控装置技术规范The Technical Norm For Revenue Control Device of Fuel Dispenser测量不确定度评定与表示Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement 税控燃油加油机定型鉴定大纲The Program for Pattern Evaluation of Fuel Dispensers with Revenue Function税控燃油加油机制造许可证考核规范The Examination Specification of Manufacturing Competence for Fuel Dispensers with Revenue Function法定计量检定机构考核规范Specification for the Examination of the Services ofLegal Metrological Verification定量包装商品净含量计量检验规则The Rules of Metrological Inspection for Net Content of Prepackeged Commidity with Fixed Content国家校准规范编写导则The Rules for Drafting National CalibrationSpecifications膜式煤气表定型鉴定大纲The Program for Pattern Evaluation of Diaphragm Gas Meters印制板用处理“E”玻璃纤维纸Specification for“E” glass paper for printed boards印制板用处理“E”玻璃纤维布Specification for finished fabric wo ven from “E” glassfor printed boardsLED显示屏通用规范Generic specification for LED panelsLED显示屏测试方法Test methods for LED panels移动通信网室内分布系统标准Standard of indoor distributing system of mobile communication network宽带无线IP技术规范Broadband wireless IP Technology specification移动IP技术规范Mobile IP Technology specification应用于无线IP技术的网络安全规范Network security specification for wireless IPTechnology无线局域网媒体访问控制和物理层规范Wireless Lan Medium Access Control(MAC) and physicallayer(PHY) specifications无线局域网媒体访问控制和物理层规范2.4GHz频段较高速物理层扩展规范Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC) and physicallayer(PHY) specifications: Higher- Speed Physical LayerExtension in the 2.4GHz Band无线局域网媒体访问控制和物理层规范5GHz频段高速物理层扩展规范Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC) and physicallayer(PHY) specifications: High Speed Physical Layer inthe 5GHz Band高速率无线IP移动通信系统标准The High-Date-Rate wireless Mobil IP communicationsystem standard中小企业信息化技术规范Technical Specification for Informationalization ofMiddle and Small Enterprises中小企业信息化建设规范实施指南Guide for the Implementation of InformationalizationConstruction Specification of Middle and SmallEnterprises阴极射线管玻壳检验规范Inspection standards for glass bulbs for cathode-raytubes显像管玻壳型号命名方法The type designation for picture tube bulbs阴极射线管有效屏面缺陷规范Defect criteria in useful screen area for cathode raytubes电子元器件详细规范MYS4、MYS5、MYS6、MYS8防雷指示型过电压保护器评定水平EDetail specifications of electronic and element devicefor lighting surge protective device withfault-indication of type MYS4、MYS5、MYS6、MYS8Assessment level E空调器用步进电动机详细规范Stepping motor for air conditioning detail specification空调器用无刷直流风机详细规范Brushless D.C blower for air conditioning detailspecification数字式角度测量仪规范Digital clinometer综合智能交通电子信息系统技术体系规范Specification of technical system of integratedintelligent traffic electronic information system数字电视接收设备内部开放总线规范Specification of inner open bus for digital televisionreceivers数字音频接口Digital audio interface数字功率放大器系统技术规范Specification of system technology for digital poweramplifier数字功率放大器性能测量方法Method of performance measurement for digital poweramplifier数字功率放大器通用规范General specification for digital power amplifier汽车彩色显示器通用技术条件General specification for bus video monitor卧式液相外延系统通用规范Generic regulation for horizontal liquid phase epitaxialsystem推板式高温隧道电窑通用规范Generic regulation for pusher type high temperatureelectro-heat tunnel kiln表面组装技术术语Terminology for surface mount technology彩色电视广播接收机技术参数要求Requirement of technology parameters for colourbroadcasting television receivers数字电视接收机及机顶盒外部接口规范Specification of outer interfaces for digital televisionreceivers and set-top boxes数字电视接收设备信道与信源间模块接口规范Specification of interfaces between channels and sourcesmodules for digital television receivers电子设备用固定电感器总规范(SJ2885-88)General specification for fixed inductors for use inelectronic equipment(SJ2885-88)电子设备用片式固定电感器空白详细规范Blank detail specification for chip fixed inductors foruse in electronic equipment电子设备用压敏电阻器第3部分：空白详细规范防雷指示型过电压保护器评定水平E Varistors for use in electronic equipmentPart3: Blank detail specification for lightning surgeprotective with fault-indicationAssessment level E电子设备用压敏电阻器第3部分：分规范防雷型压敏电阻器Varistors for use in electronic equipmentPart 3: Sectional specification for lightning protectionvaristors永磁铁氧体材料物理分析方法（SJ/T10411-93）Physical analysis methods for permanent ferritematerials永磁铁氧体材料(SJ/T10410-93)Permanent ferrite materials永磁铁氧体料粉(SJ/T10412-93)Permanent ferrite powder磁性氧化物制成的RM磁芯及其附件的尺寸(SJ/T2744-87)Dimensions of RM cores made of magnetic oxides andassociated parts电子工业用免清洗液态助焊剂NO- clean liquid soldering flux电子及电器工业用硅微粉（SJ/T10675-1995）Silicon dioxide micropowder for electronic andelectrical part信息技术鼠标器通用规范Information Technology—General specification for mouse面向对象领域工程指南Guide of object-oriented domain engineering面向对象的软件系统建模规范第1部分：概念与表示法Specification of object-oriented software systemmodelingPart1:Concept and notation面向对象的软件系统建模规范第3部分：文档编制Specification of object-oriented software systemmodelingPart3: documentation喷墨打印机用墨盒通用规范General specification for cartridge-spare part ofInk-Jet machine软磁铁氧体料粉Soft ferrite powder微波炉磁控管用永磁铁氧体磁体分规范Sectional specification for permanent ferrite magnetsfor microwave oven magnetron扬声器用永磁铁氧体磁体尺寸及公差Dimension and tolerance for permanent ferrite magnetsfor speakers互联网机顶盒通用规范Generic specification for Internet set-top box电子设备用压敏电阻器安全要求Safety requirements for varistors for use in electronicequipment电子设备的安全Safety of electronic equipment防静电周转容器通用规范General specification for reusable containers and boxesfor electrostatic protection中国标准化规范大全通用计量术语及定义General Terms in Metrology and Their Definitions国家计量检定规程编写规则The Rules for Drafting National Metrological Verification Regulation流量计量名词术语及定义Metrological Terms and Their Definitions for Flow Rate标准物资常用术语(试行)General Terms of Reference Material容量、密度计量名词术语及定义（试行）Terminology and Definitions for Measurement of Capacity Density罐内液体石油产品计量技术规范Technical Norm of the Measurement of Liquid Petroleum Products in Tanks计量器具定型通用规范The General Norm for Pattern Evaluation of Measuring Instruments计量器具定型鉴定规范的编写导则Rules for Drafting Norms of Pattern Evraluation of Measuring Instruments产品质量检验机构计量认证技术考核规范The Technical Examination Norm for Metrology Accreditation of Testing Unit for Testing of Product Quality 计量标准命名规范The Technical Norm of Designation for Metrological Standard计量器具的可靠性分析原则Technical Norm of Reliability Analysis Principle for Measuring Instruments测量误差及数据处理技术规范（试行）Technical Norm for Error of Measurements and Interpretation of Data计量标准考核规范Technical Norm of Check for Standard of Measurement工作计量器具命名与分类代码规范Norm of Designation for Working Measuring Instrument and its Classification Code燃油加油机税控装置技术规范The Technical Norm For Revenue Control Device of Fuel Dispenser测量不确定度评定与表示Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement税控燃油加油机定型鉴定大纲The Program for Pattern Evaluation of Fuel Dispensers with Revenue Function税控燃油加油机制造许可证考核规范The Examination Specification of Manufacturing Competence for Fuel Dispensers with Revenue Function法定计量检定机构考核规范Specification for the Examination of the Services of Legal Metrological Verification定量包装商品净含量计量检验规则The Rules of Metrological Inspection for Net Content of Prepackeged Commidity with Fixed Content国家校准规范编写导则The Rules for Drafting National Calibration Specifications膜式煤气表定型鉴定大纲The Program for Pattern Evaluation of Diaphragm GasMeters印制板用处理“E”玻璃纤维纸Specification for“E” glass paper for printed boards印制板用处理“E”玻璃纤维布Specification for finished fabric woven from “E” glass for printed boardsLED显示屏通用规范Generic specification for LED panelsLED显示屏测试方法Test methods for LED panels移动通信网室内分布系统标准Standard of indoor distributing system of mobile communication network宽带无线IP技术规范Broadband wireless IP Technology specification移动IP技术规范Mobile IP Technology specification应用于无线IP技术的网络安全规范Network security specification for wireless IP Technology无线局域网媒体访问控制和物理层规范Wireless Lan Medium Access Control(MAC) and physical layer(PHY) specifications无线局域网媒体访问控制和物理层规范2.4GHz频段较高速物理层扩展规范Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC) and physical layer(PHY) specifications: Higher- Speed Physical Layer Extension in the 2.4GHz Band无线局域网媒体访问控制和物理层规范5GHz频段高速物理层扩展规范Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC) and physical layer(PHY) specifications: High Speed Physical Layer in the 5GHz Band高速率无线IP移动通信系统标准The High-Date-Rate wireless Mobil IP communication system standard中小企业信息化技术规范Technical Specification for Informationalization of Middle and Small Enterprises中小企业信息化建设规范实施指南Guide for the Implementation of Informationalization Construction Specification of Middle and Small Enterprises阴极射线管玻壳检验规范Inspection standards for glass bulbs for cathode-ray tubes显像管玻壳型号命名方法The type designation for picture tube bulbs阴极射线管有效屏面缺陷规范Defect criteria in useful screen area for cathode ray tubes电子元器件详细规范MYS4、MYS5、MYS6、MYS8防雷指示型过电压保护器评定水平EDetail specifications of electronic and element device for lighting surge protective device with fault-indication of type MYS4、MYS5、MYS6、MYS8Assessment level E空调器用步进电动机详细规范Stepping motor for air conditioning detail specification空调器用无刷直流风机详细规范Brushless D.C blower for air conditioning detail specification数字式角度测量仪规范Digital clinometer综合智能交通电子信息系统技术体系规范Specification of technical system of integrated intelligent traffic electronic information system。
英语专业4级词汇单词表
absent-mindeadj. 4心不在焉的absorb v. 41.吸收（水、热、光等）2.吸引（注意），使关心，使全神贯注abstract adj. 4抽象的n. 4摘要，概括v. 41.提取，抽取 2.摘录…的要点 3.转移…（注意等）absurd adj. 4不合理的，荒谬的，可笑的accent n. 41.音调，腔调，口音 2.重音 3.重音符号 4.重要性，重点accompany v. 41.伴随，陪同 2.为…伴奏accurate adj. 4准确的，精确的accuse v. 41.指责，谴责 2.控诉，控告accustom v. 4使习惯achievement n. 41.完成，达到 2.成就，成绩acquaint v. 4使认识，使了解acquaintancen. 41.相识，了解 2.相识的人，熟人acquire v. 41.取得，获得，习得 2.学到（知识等）acre n. 4英亩addition n. 4加，加法‖in addtion (to)另外，除…之外additional adj. 4附加的，追加的，另外的adequate adj. 4适当的，充分的，足够的adjust v 41.整顿，整理，安排 2.使适应于（新环境等）admiration n. 4赞赏，羡慕，钦佩admission n. 41.进入的许可 2.入会费，入场费 3.承认，供认adopt v. 41.采用，采纳，采取（态度等）2.收养 3.接受某种习俗 4.正是通过advantage n. 4优势，益处，利益‖ take advantage of 利用，乘…机/ to one's advantage 对某人有利adventurous adj. 41.大胆的，富于冒险精神的 2.充满危险的advertise v 4登广告adviser advin. 41.顾问，指导教授 2.affection n. 4慈爱，友爱agency n. 41.经办，代理，代理权 2.代理处 3.机构aggravate v. 4加重（病情、负担等）*agreeable adj. 41.惬意的，爽快的 2.易相处的 3.事宜的，适合的ailment n. 4轻微的病痛 *aimless adj. 4漫无目标的alchohol n. 4乙醇，酒精alphabet n. 4字母表amaze v. 4令（人）惊愕，使（人）惊叹ambulance n. 4救护车amusement n. 41.喜乐，兴趣 2.娱乐 3.文娱活动angel n. 4天使angle1 n. 41.角 2.角度，观点（= point of view）angle2 v. 4垂钓，钓鱼anniversary n. 4纪念日announcer n. 41.(无线电)广播员 2.(戏剧)报幕员annoyance n. 4烦恼,烦恼事annual adj. 4每年的,年度的anxiety n. 41.忧虑,担心,焦虑 2.渴望,热望apart adv. 41.相隔,相距 2.离开,离去 3.拆开‖apart from…且莫说,撇开…不说apparently adv. 4显然,明显的appetite n. 4食欲,胃口appoint v. 4任命，委派appointment n. 41.约会 2.职务,职位appreciationn. 41.欣赏,赏识 2.感谢apprentice n. 4徒弟,学徒,徒工approve v. 41.批准,通过 2.赞成,称许approximate adj. 4大约,将近arithmetic n. 4算术arouse v. 41.唤醒 2.换气,激起,引起(注意、同情、嫉妒、怀疑等) arrow n. 41.箭2.箭头ashore adv. 4在岸上，在陆上，上岸，上陆aspirin n. 4阿司匹林assemble v. 41.聚集,集合 2.装配(机器等)assign v. 41.分配（房屋、土地、工作、任务等）2.指定（时间、地点等）3.委派，指派assignment n. 41.分配，委派 2.（分派）的任务，指定的（课外）作业assist v. 4援助，帮助assistance n. 4援助，帮助association n. 41.l联合，联盟 2.联想 3.协会，社团astonish v. 4使吃惊，使惊愕astonishmentn. 4惊讶atomic adv. 41.原子的 2.原子能的 3.原子武器的attach v. 41.缚,系,贴 2.参加(党派) 3.把(重点等)放在attendant n. 41.侍者,服务员 2.护理员attraction n. 41.吸引力,诱惑力 2.吸引物,喜闻乐见的事物authority n. 41.权,权力 2.权威 3.(pl art)当局，官方 4.职权,权限automatic adj. 41.自动的 2.无意识的available adj. 4可用的,可用到的avenge v. 4为…报仇，为…进行报仇‖avenge oneself on 对…进行报仇avenue n. 41.林荫道,道路 2.(AmE)(城市中的)大街 3.途径,手段awaken v. 41.叫醒,闹醒 2.醒来,觉醒‖awaken to 使认识到award v. 4授予，给与奖励n. 4奖品aware adj. 4知晓,察觉,意识到awkward adj. 41.笨拙的,不熟练的 2.使用不方便的 3.尴尬的 4.难应付的,难处理的axe ax n. 4斧(子)background n. 41.背景 2.个人的背景资料backwards adv. 41.向后走,倒退着 2.(顺序)倒,逆‖ backwards and forwards 来回地badge n. 41.徽章,像章 2.象征,标志badminton n. 4羽毛球（运动）bang v. 41.猛撞,猛敲 2.砰的关上(门等) 3.发出砰的一生n. 4猛击 2.砰的一响banker n. 4银行家,银行高级职员barely adv. 4勉强，好容易才barrel n. 41.桶 2.炮管,枪管baseball n. 41.棒球(运动) 2.垒球(运动)basement n. 4地下室basis(pl basv 4基础,根据‖on the basis of 根据bat n. 4(棒球或板球)球棒,(乒乓球）球拍bat n. 4蝙蝠bay n. 4海湾,湾beam n. 41.梁 2.(日光、灯光等）（一）道，（一）束v. 41.微笑 2.发光bean n 4豆(子),菜豆‖full of beans(infml)精力充沛的beforehand adv. 4预先,事先behalf n. 4利益(只用于下例词组中)‖on behalf of,on sb’s behalf a. 为了…的(利益)b.代表…,替代behave v. 4举动,表现,见电(自己的行为)‖Be-have yourself！放规矩点!being n. 41.存在物 2.生物,人‖*beloved adj. 41.为…所爱的 2.被热爱的,敬爱的 n.心爱的人，爱人benefit n. 41.利益,好处 2.恩惠 3.津贴,救济金,保险赔偿费 v.有益于bet v. 4赌,打赌,赌钱‖You bet.（slang)当然,一定n. 4堵住，赌钱betray v. 41.背叛,出卖 2.辜负,不忠于 3.泄露(秘密等)Bible n. 4圣经‖The Bible 圣经billion num. 41.十亿(美制)2.万亿,兆(英制)biography n. 41.传记 2.传记文学bloody adj. 41.有血的,出血的 2.非常恶劣的,使人感到极不愉快的 adv. 4很，非常bloom n. 41.华,开花 2.青春 3.香味v. 41.开花 2.繁盛,茂盛blosslm n. 4花,开花的状态v. 41.开花 2.发展,繁荣,成长boast v. 4夸，自夸，夸口n. 4大话，自夸的话booth n. 41.(有蓬的)货摊 2.(AmE)公用电话亭 3.(隔开的)小间bosom n. 41.胸(=breast）2.胸襟，胸怀，内心bound n. 4界限,范围bound v. 41.跳动,跳跃 2.跳回,弹回bound adj. 4开往…的boundary n. 4界限,边界bow n. 4船头,舰首boxer n. 4拳击家，拳击员，拳击师boxing n. 4全集，拳术，打拳brake n. 4机(闸),刹车v. 4刹(车)breast n. 41.胸(脯),胸膛 2.乳房brighten v. 41.(使)发光,(使)发亮 2.(使）快活,(使）活跃brilliant adj. 41.光辉,辉煌 2.卓越的,聪颖的broaden v. 4放宽，加阔，（使）扩大brother-in-ln. 4姐夫,妹夫brow n. 4眉,眉毛(=eyebrow）bubble n. 4泡,水泡,气泡v. 4吹泡，起泡bunch n. 4(一)球,(一)束,(一)串v. 4使成一束(一捆等)bureau n. 41.办公署,局,司,处 2.(附有镜子的)五斗橱,写字台butterfly n. 4蝴蝶cable n. 41.缆，索，钢丝绳 2.电缆，海底电缆，海底电报v. 4拍（海底）电报camel n. 4骆驼cancer n. 4癌，癌症carbon n. 41.碳 2.复写纸career n. 41.生涯，经历 2.专业，职业carpenter n. 4木工，木匠carriage n. 41.（四轮）马车 2.客车车厢carve v. 41.雕刻 2.切（熟肉），切开catalogue can. 4（图书或商品等的）目录v. 4为…编目录，把…编入目录caution n. 41.当心，谨慎 2.告诫，警告v. 4警告，告诫cease v. 4停止，结束centigrade adj. 41.百分度的 2.摄氏温度计的certainty n. 41.确实性 2.确实的事challenge n. 41.挑战，要求决斗，邀请比赛 2.异议，质问怀疑v. 41.向…挑战 2.对…表示异议，非难，怀疑champion n. 41.冠军，优胜者 2.拥护者，战士，斗士v. 4拥护，支持chap n. 4家伙，小伙子chart n. 41.海图，航（线）图 2.图表，表，曲线图v. 41.制…的海图，把（航线等）绘入海图 2用图像表示（或说明）chase v. 4追逐追赶，追击n. 4追逐，追赶，追击chemist n. 41.化学家,化学师 2.(BrE)药剂师=(AmE)druggist chew v. 41.咀嚼,嚼碎 2.深思,回味,体味(某事物)childish adj. 41.孩子的,孩子所特有的 2.幼稚的,傻气的chorus n. 4合唱,合唱队,歌舞团‖in chorus齐声,一齐v. 4合唱,异口同声地说circular adj. 4圆形的,环形的circumstancen. 41.(pl)情况,情形,环境 2.（pl)境况,境遇‖under the cirumstances在那种情况下/under no circumstance无论如何circus n. 41.(圆形的)马戏场,杂技团 2.马戏(杂技)的表演 3.马戏团civilisationn. 4文明,文化claim v. 41.(根据权利)要求,认领,索取 2.声称,主张n. 41.(根据权利而提出的)要求 2.(对某事物的)权利,所有权clasp v. 41.扣住,扣紧,钩住 2.拥抱,抱紧 3.紧握n. 41.扣子,钩子 2.拥抱,紧握classify v. 41.把…分类,把(货物等)分等级 3.确定…为机密clench v. 41.握紧（拳头等），咬紧（牙关） 2.捏紧，抓牢coach n. 41.四轮大马车 2.长途公共汽车 3.（铁路上的）客车4.教练，指导v. 41.训练，指导，辅导 2.当教练coarse adj. 41.粗的，粗糙的，粗劣的 2.（举动等）粗鲁的，粗暴的，粗俗的collective adj. 4集体的,共同的,集体主义的n. 4集体,集体事业,全体人员commerce n. 4商业,贸易commercial adj. 4商业(上)的,商务的n. 4电台(电视)中的广告节目committee n. 4委员会communication. 41.通信,通讯 2.传达的信息 3.(pl)通讯系统 4.交通,交通工具comparative adj. 4比较的,比较上的,相当的n. 4比较级comparativeladv. 4比较地compass n. 41.罗盘,指南针 2.(pl)圆规compete v. 41.比赛 2.竞争,对抗complaint n. 41.怨言,不满,牢骚 2.投诉,抱怨,诉苦 3.疾病complex adj. 4复杂的,综合的n. 41.综合企业 2.一组建筑群complicate v. 4使复杂,变复杂complicated adj. 4结构复杂的,难懂的,难解的compose v. 41.组成,构成 2.创作,作曲 3.使安定,使平静composer n. 41.作曲家,创造者compound n. 41.混合物,复合词 2.用围墙围起的建筑地(场地)adj. 4混合的,复合的concentration. 4集中,注意力concept n. 4概念,观念,思想conclude v. 41.结束 2.推断出,断定conclusion n. 41.结束,结尾 2.结论,推论 3.(条约等的)缔结concrete adj. 41.具体的,有形的 2.明确的n. 41.具体物 2.混凝土,凝结物v. 4用混凝土修筑conditional adj. 4附有条件的confess v. 41.供认,坦白,承认 2.忏悔(罪恶等)conflict n. 41.斗争,战斗 2.抵触,冲突confusion n. 4混乱,混乱状态,骚乱congess n. 41.(代表)大会 2.(cap)国会，议会 3.聚会,会议conquer v. 41.征服,攻克,战胜,占领 2.克服(困难等),破除(坏习惯等)conscienousladv. 4认真地,诚心诚意地consciousnesn. 4意识,知觉,觉悟,自觉consequence n. 41.结果,后果 2.重要(性)consequentlyadv. 4因而,所以consideration. 41.考虑,思考 2.需要考虑的事,所考虑的事 3.体谅,照顾consistent adj. 41.坚固的,坚实的 2.一致的,连贯的,始终如一的consonant n. 4辅音,辅音字母adj. 4一致的,和谐的constant n. 41.坚定的,坚贞的,永恒的 2.经常的,不断的constantly adv. 41.经久不变的,永恒的 2.经常地,不断地consult v. 41.找…商议 2.找(医生)诊治 3.翻阅,查考(书籍、地图等)‖consult with和…商议container n. 41.容器 2.集装箱‖container ship集装箱船contemporaryadj. 41.当代的 2.同时代的,同年龄的n. 4同期的人,同辈contempt n. 4轻视,轻蔑contest v. 4争夺,竞争n. 41.争夺 2.竞争,比赛continual adj. 41.多次重复的,频繁的 2.持续的,不间断的contract n. 4契约,合同v. 41.订立和约,签约合同 2.使缩小,(使)收缩 3.得病,感染疾病contrary adj. 4相反的,相对的,对抗的‖on the contray相反contrast n. 4对比,比照v. 4使对比,形成对照cooker n. 4炊事用具（炉、锅等）correspond v. 41.符合,一致 2.相当,相应 3.通信correspondenn. 41.符合,一致 2.相当,相应 3.通信(联系) correspondenn. 4通信者,(新闻)通信员,记者costly adj. 41.昂贵的,代价高的 2.价值高的,豪华的council n. 41.理事会,委员会 2.地方议会courageous adj. 4勇敢的,有胆量的,无畏coward n. 4怯懦,胆怯者cowardly adj. 4怯懦的,胆小的crab n. 4螃蟹cracker n. 41.爆竹(=firecracker) 2.(AmE)一种薄脆饼干cradle n. 41.摇篮 2.策源地,发源地crawl v. 41.爬,爬行,匍匐前进 2.缓慢的移动,徐徐前进n. 41.爬,爬行,匍匐前进 2.缓慢的行进creative adj. 4有创造性的,创作的credit n. 41.信任 2.信用,信用往来,赊欠 3.信誉,声望,威信 4.荣誉,光荣 5.学分 6.(银行)存款,债权v. 4相信,信任‖be a credit to为…增光crisis n. 41.危机 2.危急存亡之际,决定性时刻,转折点critical adj. 41.批评(性)的,评论(性)的 2.对…表示谴责的,对…感到不满的 3.紧要的,关键性的,危害的crow n. 41.鸦,乌鸦 2.鸡啼v. 41.(雄鸡)啼 2.吹嘘,得意洋洋crush v. 41.压碎 2.压服，压倒n. 41.压碎 2.（水果的）汁cube n. 41.立方体，正六面体 2.立方cunning adj.& n. 4狡猾（的），狡诈（的）curse n. 4诅骂，咒骂，骂人话v. 4诅咒，咒骂cycle n. 41.周期，循环 2.（无线电）周（波）v. 41.循环，轮转 2.骑自行车（三轮脚踏车，机器脚踏车）dairy n. 4牛奶公司，乳品店，牛奶场adj. 4牛奶的，乳品的damn int. 4（表示愤怒、厌烦、失望等）该死的，他妈的v. 41.指责，谴责 2.咒骂n. 41.咒骂 2.丝毫，一点点darling n. 4心爱的人（动物），亲爱的，宠儿adj. 4心爱的，喜爱的，宠爱的dash v. 41.猛冲，猛掷 2.砸碎n. 41.飞奔，短跑 2.少许 3.破折号deadly adj. 4致命的，势不两立的，死气沉沉的adv. 4死一般地，非常，极度debate v 41.辩论，讨论 2.考虑，盘算n. 4辩论，争论，辩论比赛debt n. 4债，债务，欠债decent adj. 41.体面的，得体的，正当的 2.严肃的，高雅的，正派的 3.和气的，过得去的，宽容的decisive adj. 41.坚决的，果断的，有决定作用的 2.确定的，明确的deck n. 4甲板，桥面，（公共汽车、飞机机舱、大楼等）层面v. 4给…装甲板decline v 41.衰退，下降，减少 2.拒绝，婉辞n. 41.下降，减少 2.衰退，衰落期decrease v. 4（使）减少，减弱，减轻n. 4减少，减少额definite adj. 4清楚的，肯定的，明显的definitely adv. 41.当然，一定，确定 2.（和否定词连用）对，绝对definition n. 4定义，限定，清晰delegate n. 4代表，代表团团员v. 4授权，委托，委派…为代表delegation n. 4代表团，委派delicate adj. 41.易碎的，娇弱的 2.精密的，精致的 3.微妙的 4.清香的，清淡的delightful adj. 4令人愉快的delivery n. 41.交付，投递，交出 2.分娩 3.演讲的风格（方式）democracy n. 41.民主政体，民主政府，民主国家 2.民主作风，民主精神democratic adj. 4民主的，民主国家的，民主主义的demonstrate v. 4证明，示范，参加示威游行demonstration. 4论证，示范，示威游行（集会）dense adj. 4密集的，稠密的，不易看透的departure n. 41.离开，起程，开始 2.背离dependent adj. 41.依赖的，取决于…德，丛属的 2. 有瘾的depress v. 41.使消沉，使抑郁，使萧条 2.压下，按下 3.削弱，降低desirable adj. 4理想的，值得拥有的，可取的desperate adj. 41.绝望的，孤注一掷的 2.亡命的，不顾一切的despise v. 4鄙视，蔑视，轻视destination n. 4终点，目的地，目标destruction n. 4毁坏，毁灭，消灭destructive adj. 4破坏（性）的，毁灭（性）的，非建设性的device n. 41.装置,器具,仪器 2.手段,策略,诡计 3.手法, e's own devices 听任…自便,让…自行发展dew n. 4露,露水,小水珠dial n. 41.(仪表等)刻度盘,钟面,表盘 2.(电话机的)拨号盘,转盘v. 41.调频道,收听(看) 2.拨电话号码,与…通电话dialect n. 4方言,土话,行话dictator n. 41.独裁者,专制者 2.口授者 3.(左右风尚时装等的)权威digest v. 41.消化(食物) 2.(经反复思考)吸收,领悟,理解 3.整理,压缩,节略n. 4摘要,文摘,汇编disaster n. 41.灾难，大祸，大不幸 2.彻底的失败 3.祸患discipline n. 41.训练，纪律，行为准则 2.克制，规章制度，管教 3.处罚，惩罚 4.学科，科目v. 4训练，控制，惩罚discriminatev. 4区别，辨别，有差别的对待adj. 4有区别的，有差别的，有识别力的disgrace n. 41.丢脸，耻辱 2.失宠，失势v. 4使丢脸，使受耻辱，使失去地位disgust n. 4厌恶，恶心，作呕v. 4使讨厌，使厌恶，使作呕dismissal n. 41.解散，打发走 2.解雇，撤职 3.不予考虑disobey v. 4不服从，违抗，漠视disorder n. 41.杂乱，混乱 2.散乱，骚动 3.失调，不适v. 41.使零乱，扰乱 2.使失调，使不适displeasure n. 4不满，不悦，生气dissatisfy v. 4使不满意，使不高兴distinction n. 41.区分，不同，特征 2.卓越，著名，优良 3.荣誉（称号），殊勋，奖赏distress n. 41.（精神上的）痛苦，忧虑，悲伤 2.不适，疼痛 3.贫困，灾难 4.危难，困境v. 4使痛苦，使苦恼，使紧张distribute v. 41.分发，分配，配给物 2.散布，分布 3.销售（量）distributionn. 4区，行政区，区域disturbance n. 41.打扰，妨碍 2.心神不安，烦恼43.混乱，骚乱ditch n. 4沟，壕沟，渠（道）diver n. 4跳水者，潜水者，潜水艇dock n. 41.码头，船坞2.（法庭中的）被告席，犯人栏v. 41使（船）靠码头，领（船）进港2.（宇宙飞行器）在外层空间对接domestic adj. 41.家的，家庭的，家用的 2.（动物）非野生的，驯养的3.国内的，国产的，自制的dot n. 41.点，小圆点2.少量，一点儿v. 4加点，点缀，散布于//on the dot准时地doubtful adj. 41.疑惑的，（可）怀疑的2.含糊不轻的，未定的，有问题的drain v. 41.（使）慢慢流走，排出，把…弄干2.喝干3.使精疲力竭n. 41.排水沟（管）2.消耗，（人才等）外流//down the drain 被浪费掉，化为乌有dramatic adj. 41.戏剧（性）的，刺激的，激动人心的2.引人注目的，印象深刻的，突然的dread v.&n. 4畏惧，厌恶，担忧dreadful adj. 41.可怕的，令人敬畏的2.厉害的，讨厌的，极端的drive-in n.&adj, 4（顾客无须下车即可得到服务的）“*drought n. 4旱灾，干旱drunkard n. 4醉汉，酒徒durable adj. 4持久的，耐用的，耐穿的n. 4(pl) 耐用品dusk n. 4黄昏，傍晚，幽暗earnest adj. 4认真的，诚挚的，热切的n. 4/in earnest a.有决心和精力 b.认真（地），一本正经地earthquake n. 4地震echo v. 41.发出回声，引起回想，共鸣 2.随声附和，重复（他人的话等），模仿n. 4回声，反响，共鸣editor n. 4编辑，编者，校订者eggplant n. 4茄子electronic adj. 4电子的，电子仪器elementary adj. 41. 基本的，基础的，初级的 2.容易的，简易的embarrass v. 41.使窘迫，使困扰，使为难 2.妨碍，牵累embarrassingadj. 4使人尴尬的，使人为难的embrace v. 41.拥抱，抱，环绕 2.包含，包括 3.接受，利用 4.信奉n. 41.拥抱，怀抱，包围 2.接受，信奉emergence n. 4出现，露出emperor n. 4皇帝enclose v. 41.围住，圈起，关闭住 2.封入，附入endure v. 41.忍受，忍耐（常与否定词连用）容忍 2.持续，持久enlarge v. 4扩大，放大（照片），扩展entertain v. 41.招待，款待 2.使欢乐，给…娱乐 3.接受，容纳enthusiasm n. 4热情，热心，热诚enthusiasticadj. 4热情的，热心的，热烈的envy v.&n. 4妒忌，羡慕equality n. 4平等，同等，相同equally adv. 4相等地，平等地，平均地estimate v. 4估计，估计…的意义（价值），评价n. 4估计，估算，评价，评估eve n. 4（节日等的）前夜，（重大事件发生的）前夕eventually adv. 4最后，终于evidence n. 41.根据，证据，证明 2.证词evidently adv. 4明显地，显然，根据现有证据来看exchange v. 41.交换，调换，把…换成，2.互换，兑换n. 41.交换，互换，交流 2.交火，争吵 3.交换所，交易所excite v. 41.刺激，使兴奋，使激动 2.激发，唤起，引起exhaust v. 41.用完，耗尽，花光 2.排空，抽完 3.使筋疲力尽 4.详尽论述n. 41.排气管，排气装置 2.排出，放出 3.废气，废液exhibit v. 41.展览，展出，陈列 2.表现，显出，显示n. 4陈列品，展览，展览品expense n. 41.费用，消费，支出 2.（精力、时间等的）消耗，耗费 3.（pl）开支，花费 || at the expense of 以…为代价，由…付费explore v. 41.探究，探索 2.勘探，探险，探测exposure n. 41.暴露，揭露，显露 2.曝光，曝光时间extent n. 41.范围，广度，长度2.程度，限度|| to some extent 在某种程度上extraordinaradj. 41.非常的，特别的，破例的 2.离奇的，使人惊奇的，非凡的extreme adj. 41.末端的，极端的，尽头的 2.极度的，偏激的，过分的n. 4极端，极度（状态），过分facility n. 41.（pl）设备，工具2.简易，方便，便利3.技能，熟练fairy n. 4小妖精，仙人faithful adj. 4守信的，忠诚的，忠实的fame n. 4名声，名望，声誉fare n. 4车费，路程费v. 4进展, 过活fascinate v. 4迷住，使神魂颠倒，强烈地吸引feast n. 4盛宴，宴会v. 4大吃大喝，尽情地吃//feast one's eyes on尽情地欣赏，饱眼福feature n. 41.面貌的一部分，脸形2.(pl)面貌，相貌3.特征，特点，特色4.（电影）正片，故事片（报纸等的）特写v 4是…的特色，以…为特色fee n. 4费，酬金，会费fell v 4击倒，砍伐，坎倒female n. 4女子，雌性动物（植物）adj. 41.女（性）的，雌（性）的，生产果实的2.阴的，凹的festival n. 4节日，喜庆日，纪念活动日adj. 4节日的，喜庆的feudal adj. 4封建的，封建制度的fisherman n. 4捕鱼人，渔船fit2 n. 41.（病的）发作，痉挛2.（感情等的）突发flame n. 4火焰，火舌，闪光//in flames燃烧着v. 4焚烧，发光，闪耀flavour flavn. 41.味，味道，风味2.风韵，特色，特点fleet n. 41.舰队2.船队，机群，（汽）车队flesh n. 4肉，肉体，果肉fleshyflexible adj. 41.柔韧的，易弯曲的2.可变通的，灵活的，易适应的flexibly adv. 4灵活地flight1 n. 41.飞翔，飞行2.飞机的航程，空中旅行，班机3.楼梯的一段float v. 41.漂浮，浮动，漂2.成立3.建议n. 41.漂浮，漂浮物，浮标2.游行花车flourish v.&n. 41.茂盛，繁荣，兴旺2.挥舞，挥动，炫耀focus n. 41.焦点，焦距，聚焦2.中心，集中点v. 4调节…的焦距folk n. 41.人们2.(pl)家人，亲属adj. 4民间的，平民的footstep n. 41.脚步，脚步声2.足迹，踏板forbid v. 41.禁止，不许2.阻止，妨碍foresee v. 4预见，预知founder1 n. 4奠基者，创立者，缔造者frame n. 41.构架，骨架，结构2.框架，框子3.体格，身体v. 41.给…装框，构筑2.构想出，设计，表达framework n. 4框架，骨架，架构frequency n. 41.次数，重复发生率2.频繁，频率，周率frontier n. 41.边界，边境，边疆 2.边缘，边远地区，(pl)（知识等）未开发的领域frost n. 41.冰冻，严寒（期）2.霜v. 4结霜，受冻frosty adj. 4霜冻的，结霜的，严寒的2.冷淡的，冷若冰霜的frying-pan n. 4煎锅，长柄平锅fund n. 41.(pl)资金，存款，公债2.基金，专款，储备v. 4为…提供资金，资助，积累fundamental adj. 41.基础的，基本的，重要的 2.起始的，主要的，固有的n. 4(pl)基本原则（原理），根本法则（规律），纲要furious adj. 41.狂怒的，暴怒的2.狂暴的，猛烈的，强烈的gallon n. 4加仑gamble v. 4赌博，打赌n. 4赌博，投机，冒险gang n. 4（囚犯等的）一群，（歹徒等的）一帮，（青少年等的）一伙gap n. 41.豁缝，裂口，缺口2.山峡，隘口3.间隙garment n. 41.（一件）衣服（指长袍，外套）2.(pl)服装，衣着3.外衣gasoline n. 4(AmE)汽油=(BrE)petrolgenius n. 4天才，天资，天赋gesture n. 41.姿势，手势2.（外交等方面的）姿态，表示v. 4用手势表示，用动作示意glare v. 41. 瞪眼，怒视 2. 令人眩目地照射，闪耀glide v. & n. 41. 滑动，滑行 2. 滑翔glory n. 41. 光荣，荣誉 2. 壮丽，壮观governor n. 41. 统治者，管辖者 2. 地方长官 ( 如省长 )，( BrE ) 总督，( AmE ) 州长gown n. 4长袍，长外衣v. 4使穿长袍，使穿礼服grab v. 41. 攫取，抓取 2. 强夺；霸占 3. ( 急速地 ) 抓住，抓牢n. 4掠夺，攫取，( 急速 ) 抓住graceful adj. 4优美的，雅致的gracious adj. 41. 宽厚的，仁慈的，和蔼的 2. 优美的，雅致的gramme gram n. 4克 ( 重量单位 )gramophone n. 4留声机grand adj. 41. 壮大的，堂皇的 2. 主要的，重要的，伟大的grant v. 4同意，准予 ( 补助等 )，授予 ( 权利等 ) || take sth for granted 认为某事当然n. 4同意，准许，授予greed n. 4贪心，贪婪greenhouse n. 4玻璃暖房，温室grip n. 41. 紧握，紧咬，紧夹 2. 掌握，支配，控制v. 41. 握 ( 咬、夹 ) 牢 2. 掌握，支配，控制groan v. 4哼，呻吟n. 4呻吟声，哼声guarantee n. 4保证，保证书v. 4保证，担保guitar n. 4吉他，六弦琴v. 4弹吉他gunpowder n. 4火药guy n. 4家伙，人gymnasium n. 4体育馆，健身房hairpin n. 41. 发钗，发夹 2. U字形急转弯halt n. 4暂停前进，中止，停止 || bring to a halt; bring a halt to ( 使 ) 停止，终止，制止 / call a halt ( 命令 ) 停止，途中休息v. 4停止前进，停止，停住hardship n. 4受苦，苦难，困苦harm n. & v. 4损害，伤害，危害 || do sb ( sth ) harm 损害某人( 某物) / Harm set; harm get. 害人反害己haste n. 41. 急速，紧迫，仓促 2. 草率，急迫 || in haste 急速地，匆忙，草率地 / make haste 赶紧 / Haste makes waste; more haste, less speed. 欲速则不达。
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Literature 文学
Classical literture 古典文学Contemporary literature 现代文学Popular literature 大众文学
Light literature 通俗文学
Folklore 民间文学
Saga (river) novel 长篇小说
Short novel, long short story 中篇小说Short story 短篇小说
Love story 爱情小说
Detective story 侦探小说
Mystery story 怪诞小说
Whodunit 推理小说
Humorous story 幽默小说
Historical novel 历史小说
Essay 随笔
Book of travels 游记
Reportage 报告文学
Criticism 评论
Best seller 畅销书
Anthology 选集
The complete works(of) 全集
Edition, printing 版
Masterpiece 杰作
Copyright 版权, 著作权
Deluxe binding 精装
Flat stitching 平装
Smyth sewed 线装
Humanities 人文学科
Writer 作家
Book 书
Volume 卷
Theatre 戏剧(美作theater)
Drama 话剧
Comedy 喜剧
Tragedy 悲剧
Farce 滑稽剧
Play 剧本
The three unities 三一律(一个情节,一个地点,一个时间) Playwright 编剧
Act 幕
Scene 场
Plot 情节
Intrigue 错综复杂的剧情
Story 故事
Episode 逸事
Ending, denouement 结局Poetry 诗歌
Poet 诗人
Poem 诗
Epic poetry 史诗
Epopee 叙事诗
Ode 颂歌
Sonnet 十四行诗
Verse, stanza (诗)节
Line (诗)行
Rhyme 韵脚,押韵
Metrics 韵律学,格律学
Prose 散文
Novel 小说
Biography 自传
Allegory 寓言
Science fiction 科幻,科学幻想小说Satire 讽刺诗
Essay 杂文
Composition 学术著作
Rhetoric 修辞学Oratory 讲演术Declamation 朗诵技巧Improvisation 即席讲演Criticism 批判主义Critic 批评家
Wit 才智,创作才能Eloquence 文才Lyricism 抒情性。