最新中考初中语法现在完成时态讲解及练习

中考初中语法现在完成时态讲解及练习

一、现在完成时的构成

肯定句：主语+have/ has + done (过去分词)+其它

He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years.

一般疑问句：Have/ Has +主语+ done (过去分词)+其它

Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years?

否定句: 主语+have/ has+ not + done (过去分词)+其它

He has not finished his homework.

过去分词的构成方法如下 :

1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加–ed.

work---worked answer---answered obey---obeyed want---wanted

2.以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加–d.

Move---moved hope---hoped divide---divided

3.字尾是辅音+y的动词。则将y改i加ed.

study---studied tidy---tidied satisfy---satisfied

4.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加–ed. stop---stopped regret--- regretted drop---dropped

不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表

二、ABB （过去式和过去分词一致）

6） 过去式、过去分词改为-elt 三、ABA （过去式与原形一致）

四、ABC （原形、过去式、过去分词各不一样） 1). 过去分词在过去式或原形后加-n 或-en

二、现在完成时标志词：

recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+时间段；in the past few years; ever since; in the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just already (已经): 用于肯定句

I have already posted the letter .

yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句

He hasn’t done his homework yet.

just(刚刚)

They have just left.

ever(曾经)

Have you ever been to Beijing ?

never(从不)

I have never seen him .

before(以前)

Have you seen the film before?

since(自从…以来)

I’ve worked in the school since 1999.

for(长达)

He’s lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.

in the past several days / weeks/ years(在过去的…)

recently(最近)

I have not written to my parents recently.

so far(到目前为止)

So far she has learned 5 English songs.

up to now(到目前为止)

this morning/month/year(今天早上/这个月/今年)

三、现在完成时的用法

1)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。常与already(已经), yet(已经),

just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用.

Already， yet的用法

already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 常用于否定句,疑问句尾.

Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的)

I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙)

I haven’t read that book yet . (不了解书的内容)

I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的)

3)现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for, since引导的时间短语或从句连用.

since , for 的用法:

since: (自…以来)

1)since+时间点

He has stayed here since 5 o’clock.

2)since+ 时间段+ ago

He has stayed here since 5 hours ago.

3)since+ 从句

for: (长达）

for+ 时间段

He has kept the book for 2 weeks.

She has learned English for 5 years.

He has lived in Beijing since he was born .

Have you stayed here since 3 o’clock?

四、have/has been to; have/has gone to; have/has been in

have /has been to 曾经去过某地，人已经回来了

have /has gone to 去了某地，人还没回来

have /has been in 去了某地并一直待在那

1.我去过上海。I have been to Shanghai twice.

2.---Where is Jim？--He has gone to England．（尚未回来）

3. I have been in Shanghai for three years．我到上海已有三年了。

1、现在完成时的"完成用法"

现在完成时的"完成用法" 指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。

例如：He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。

( 动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-- 灯现在不亮了。)

现在完成时"完成用法" 的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语( 如：already ，yet ，before ，recently 等) 、频度时间状语( 如：never ，ever ，once 等) 、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语( 如：this morning / month / year... ，today 等) 连用。

例如：Have you found your pen yet ？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？

2、现在完成时的" 未完成用法"

现在完成时的" 未完成用法" 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。

例如：

1. He has lived here since 1978/he moved here. 自从1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。

( 动作起始于1978 年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)

2. I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在部队已经呆了五年多了。

( 动作开始于5 年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)

此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语( 由since 或for 引导) ，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语( 如：up to now ，so far 到目前为止) 等。

例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。

1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。His grandpa has been dead for 2 years.

2.Nick 参军3年了.Nick has been in the army for 3 years

3.他离开深圳好长时间了。He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time.

4.这本书我已借了4个月了I have had/kept the book for 4 months.