申论常考公文格式

常考公文写作格式
目录
前言 (1)
一、常考事务性文书 (2)
（一）倡议书 (2)
（二）讲话类 (3)
（三）宣传稿 (4)
（四）编者按 (5)
（五）新闻稿 (6)
（六）短文 (7)
（七）短评 (7)
（八）建议书 (8)
（九）提纲 (9)
（十）简报 (10)
（十一）调查报告 (11)
（十二）信件 (12)
（十三）证明信 (13)
（十四）招聘启事 (14)
（十五）典型材料 (15)
二、法定公文 (16)
三、申论常考的法定公文 (17)
前言
事务性文书种类繁多，仅仅靠有限的篇幅难以说清楚，而且考题总是千变万化，所以这里主要提示大家，考试时，一定要紧紧围绕题干的要求来下笔，一般题干会交代清楚该如何写，写到什么样的程度的。

具体来说：
1.题干无格式要求，如，“不考虑格式要求”；“列出内容要点”；
2.如何确定格式与正文内容。

格式方面，通常标题和正文均需要写；题干中有明确的发文对象时，写称谓；题干中要求以单位或集体名义发文时，写落款日期。

正文方面，正文的内容一定要紧扣题干的目的来确定，题干侧重的信息要详写，非侧重的信息简写甚至可以不写。

一、常考事务性文书
（一）倡议书
倡议书：是为倡议、发起某项活动，而写的号召性的公开提议性的专用书信。

倡议书一般由标题、称呼、正文、结尾、落款五部分组成。

1.标题：一般由文种名单独组成，即在第一行正中用较大的字体写“倡议书”三个字。

另外，标题还可以由倡议内容和文种名共同组成。

如“把遗体交给医学界利用的倡议书”。

2.称呼：一般顶格写在第二行开头。

倡议书的称呼可依据倡议的对象而选用适当的称呼。

如“广大的青少年朋友们：”、“广大的妇女同胞们：”等。

3.示例：
倡议书
XXX：
【背景/缘由/目的等】···········································································································································································································································································································。

【原因/作用/危害等】················································································································································································································································。

【倡议：对策/经验做法等】······························································································································································································································。

【结尾】··························································································································································。

XXXXXX
Xx年xx月xx日
注：具体内容要根据题干目的、要求和材料内容确定，不能盲目照搬。

讲话类：分为讲话稿、发言稿、开幕词、闭幕词等。

内容通常由标题和正文组成。

1.标题：一般是由关于+事由+的文种。

2.正文：讲话稿的正文包括开头、主体和结尾三部分。

3.示例：
关于+事由+的讲话
XXX：
【问好+背景/缘由/目的】···········································································································································································。

【主体：危害/作用/建议情况介绍等。

具体根据题干和材料内容确定】·················································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································。

【号召/倡议/总结结尾等】·········································································································。

注：具体内容要根据题干目的、要求和材料内容确定，不能盲目照搬。

宣传稿：宣传稿由标题、称谓、正文、落款、日期组成。

1.标题：一般是由关于+事由+的文种。

或者文种作标题。

2.称谓：由宣传对象决定。

3.正文：宣传稿的正文包括开头、主体和结尾三部分。

4.落款、日期。

右下角。

5.示例：
宣传稿
XXX：
【背景/缘由/目的等】············································································································································································································································。

【原因/作用/危害等】················································································································································································································································································································································································································。

【对策/经验做法等】·····················································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································。

【号召倡议】·········································································································。

XXXXXX
Xx年xx月xx日注：具体内容要根据题干目的、要求和材料内容确定，不能盲目照搬。

（四）编者按
编者按：编辑人员对一篇文章或一条消息所加的意见、评论等，常常放在文章或消息的前面。

就是编者（不是作品的作者）对作品的解释或引申。

编者按可以表明编者的态度和意见，也可以提示要点，还可交待背景。

格式由标题和正文构成。

1.标题：编者按。

2.正文：根据题干具体要求确定，通常是提示要点或交代背景。

3.示例：
编者按
【内容要点】····························································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································。

注：编者按也可以直接将“编者按”三个字写在正文开头，无标题。

具体内容要根据题干目的、要求和材料内容确定，不能盲目照搬。

（五）新闻稿
新闻稿：新闻稿是公司/机构/政府/学校等单位发送予传媒的通信渠道，以公布有新闻价值的消息。

结构：包括标题、导语、主体、结语和背景五部分。

前三者是主要部分，后二者是辅助部分。

1.标题：高度概括，抓人眼球。

2.导语：用来提示消息的重要事实，使读者一目了然。

3.主体：随导语之后，是消息的主干，是集中叙述事件、阐发问题和表明观点的中心部分，是全篇的关键所在。

4.结语：一般指新闻的最后一句或一段话，是新闻的结尾，它依内容的需要，可有可无。

5.背景：是事物的历史状况或存在的环境、条件，是消息的从属部分，常插在主体部分，也插在导语或结语之中。

注意，在申论考试中通常不写。

6.示例：
标题
【导语】····································································································································。

【主体】·····························································································································································································································································································································································································································。

【结语】···················································································································································································································································。

注：具体内容要根据题干目的、要求和材料内容确定，不能盲目照搬。