化学工程专业的课程理解

《化工原理》Principle of Chemical Engineering

在学习这门课时，以研究方法为手段，以传递过程为主线，以单元操作为内容，通过对过程的研究解决工业应用中的复杂实际问题。主要有三方面：

In this course of study, the research method is taken as the means, the transmission process as the main line, the unit operation as the content, and the complex practical problems in industrial application are solved through the study of the process. There are mainly three aspects:

①如何根据指定物系的特征，进行“过程和设备”的选择，使之经济而有效的满足工艺要求How to select "process and equipment" according to the characteristics of the specified object system so that it can meet the process requirements economically and effectively

②如何进行过程计算和设备设计。在缺乏数据的情况下，如何组织实验以取得必要的设计数据How to carry out process calculation and equipment design. How to organize experiments to obtain the necessary design data in the absence of data

③如何进行优化操作和调节以适应不同的生产要求。在操作发生故障时，如何进行合理判断How to optimize operation and adjust to meet different production requirements. How to make reasonable judgment in case of operation failure

《化工热力学》Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

以热力学基本定律为基础，研究化工过程中的各种能量的相互转化及其有效利用的规律，研究物质状态变化与物质性质之间的关系，研究物理或化学变化达到平衡的理论极限，条件与状态。Based on the basic laws of thermodynamics, this paper studies the mutual transformation of various energies in the chemical process and the law of effective utilization, studies the relationship between the change of state of matter and the nature of matter, and studies the theoretical limit, condition and state of equilibrium achieved by physical or chemical change.

研究反应过程的可能性和限度，是化工过程研究，开发和设计的理论基础。在生产实践中，诸如指导解决混合物的有效分离，判断与指导能量的合理利用，控制物质变化的方向性质和限度，制备具有一定性能的材料，如何提高产率等问题。Studying the possibility and limit of reaction process is the theoretical basis of chemical process research, development and design. In production practice, such problems as how to effectively separate the mixture, how to judge and how to use the energy reasonably, how to control the changing direction, properties and limits of the substance, how to prepare the material with certain properties, how to improve the yield, etc.

1.体系与环境System and environment

将研究中设计的一部分物质或空间从其余物质或空间中划分出来，其划分出来的部分称为体系，其余部分称为环境。A part of the matter or space designed in the study is divided from the rest of the matter or space.

2.平衡状态与状态函数equilibrium functions of state

体系在不受到外界影响的条件下，如果它的宏观性质不随时间而变化，此体系处于热力学平衡状态。If the macroscopic properties of the system do not change with time, the system is in thermodynamic equilibrium.

描述体系所处状态的宏观物理量称为热力学变量，亦称为状态函数。如温度，压力，比容，内能，焓，熵，自由焓等。The macroscopic physical quantity describing the state of the system is called the thermodynamic variable, also known as the state function. Temperature, pressure, specific volume, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, enthalpy, etc.

3.过程与循环Process and cycle