光电效应论文爱因斯坦

light are more re容ad易il地y understood if one assumes that the energy of light
A. Einstein, Ann. Phys. 17, 132
1905
Concerning an Heuristic Point of View Toward the Emission and Transformation of Light
A. Einstein Bern, 17 March 1905 (Received March 18, 1905)
mind, however, that the optical observations refer to time av平e均rages rather
than
瞬时
instantaneous
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
values.
In
spite
of
the
complete
e实xp验e的ri，m试en验t性al的confir确m认a-
Translation into English American Journal of Physics, v. 33, n. 5, May 1965
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A profound formal dis区ti别nction exists between the theoretical concepts which physicists have formed regarding gases and other po有n重d量er的able bodies and the Maxwellian theory of elect电ro磁m的agnetic processes in so–called empty space. While we consider the state of a body to be completely determined by the positions and vel速oc度ities of a very large, yet finite, number of atoms and electrons, we make use of co连nt续in的uous sp空a间ti的al functions to describe the electromagnetic state of a given volume, and a finite number of pa参ra量meters cannot be regarded as sufficient for the complete determination of such a state. According to the Maxwellian theory, energy is to be considered a continuous spatial function in the case of all purely electromagnetic phenomena including light, while the energy of a ponderable object should, according to the present conceptions of physicists, be r代ep表r，es表en示t为ed as a sum carried over the atoms and electrons. The energy of a ponderable body cannot be sub再d分ivided into arb随it意ra的r，ily反复m无an常y的or arbitrarily small parts, while the energy of a beam of light from a point source (according to the Maxwellian theory of light or, more generally, according to any wave theory) is continuously spread an ever increasing volume.
The wave theory of light, which o起p作er用ates with continuous spatial functions, has worked well in the representation of purely optical phenomena
1
and will probably never be replaced by another theory. It should be kept in
tion, fluore荧sc光ence, the production of ca阴th极ode rays by ult紫ra外v的iolet light, and
other related phenomena connected with the emission or transformation of
tinuous spatial functions may lead to con矛tr盾a，di反ct对ions with experience when
it is applied to the phenomena of em发is射sion and transf转o换rmation of light. It seems to me that the observations associated with bla黑ck体body rad辐i射a-
tion of the theory as applied to di衍ff射raction, reflection, refr折ac射tion, dispersi散on射,
etc., it is still con令ce人iv信a服bl的e ，th可a想t 象th的e theory of light which operates with con-