英汉构词法对比研究

目录

1. 英汉构词法文献回顾 (3)

2. 英汉构词法的对比 (4)

2.1. 派生法 (4)

2.2. 转换法 (6)

2.3. 混乘法 (7)

2.4. 合成法 (7)

2.5. 借代法 (9)

2.6. 音译借入 (9)

2.6.1. 义译借入 (9)

2.6.2. 半音半义 (10)

3. 结语 (10)

摘要由于社会的不断发展，许多新的事物和复杂的概念也不断产生，原来有限的词已经无法满足人们的需要。于是，人们便创造出一些新的词来表达新的事物和概念。构词法便是人们按照语言一定规律创造新词的方法。构词法研究的是词的内部结构，即将词分析为最小的结构单位—词素. 语言学家研究单位的性质、语音、意义，以及如何相互组合而构成新词。英汉语在构词上有许多相同的地方，了解这些相似点可以帮助我们更快更好的记住英语单词。这篇论文在现代语言学的指导下，对英语和汉语的构词法进行了深入的对比研究，特别是在派生、转换、混乘、合成和借代五个方面。这篇论文包含三个部分。

第一部分是文献回顾，分析了英语词汇学与汉语词汇学以及英汉对比语言学的研究现状。第二部分是本论文的主要部分，包含五个方面。第一方面主要关于派生法。通过在派生法方面的比较，我们知道派生法是英语构词法中的一个重要方法，英语主要通过增加前缀或后缀的方法来构词，但是在汉语中词缀却比较少。第二个方面主要讲了转换法。由于汉语是一种孤立语，词的语法功能并不依赖于词尾变化的形式，因而汉语中的许多词是兼类的，谈不上转化不转化。第三方面关于混乘法，混乘法在汉语和英语中是非常不同的。第四方面关于合成法。不管在汉语中还是英语中复合法都是重要的构词方法，因此复合词在两种语言中所占的比例都很大。第五方面关于借代法。英语和汉语中都有很多的外来词，并且相互借用。第三部分是总结。

关键词构词法，对比，英语，汉语，派生法，转换法，混乘法，复合法，借代法

Abstract With the development of society, many new things and complicated concepts came up. The original limited word has been unable to meet the needs of their people, people then create some new words to express something new and concept. Word-formation is a method that people created new words based on language rules. The word formation studied the inner structure of the word,that is to say, analyzed the smallest meaningful units--morpheme. Linguists studied the properties, phonetics. meaning of the morphemes and how to create now words. There are many similarities between English language and Chinese. Knowing similarities can help us understand and remember English words easily and quickly. This paper makes a full and contrastive study on English and Chinese word formation under the guidance of modern linguistic theory, especially on derivation, conversion, blending, compounding and borrowing .

In the first section, we talk about literature review, introduce the process of predecessors made in English and Chinese word-formation.

The second section is the main part of this paper. It contrasts with English and Chinese word formation in detail. It has five parts.First part is about derivation. According to contrast in derivation, we know that derivation is an important word formation in English. English people were used to create new words according to add a prefix or suffix to the root, but in Chinese, there are little affixes. Second part talks about conversion. According to study, we realize that because of Chinese was a non-inflectional language and its word-class is not decided by its suffix, conversion is not used to create new words in Chinese. Third part is about blending. Blending in Chinese is quite different with in English. Forth part compounding is talked. Compounding is very important both in English and in Chinese, but relatively, as the