英汉语篇翻译
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Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead.2 One's thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; one's own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that one's emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one's mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true.3 从心理方面来说,到了老年,有两种危险倾向需要注意防止。 从心理方面来说 , 到了老年 , 有两种危险倾向需要注意防止 。 一是沉湎于过去。 老想着过去, 不管是总觉得过去好, 一是沉湎于过去 。 老想着过去 , 不管是总觉得过去好 , 还是 常因朋友已故而感伤,皆无济于事。 一个人应当着眼于未来, 常因朋友已故而感伤,皆无济于事。2一个人应当着眼于未来, 着眼于还可以有所作为的方面。 要做到这一点并非容易; 着眼于还可以有所作为的方面 。 要做到这一点并非容易 ; 因 为一个人的过去是一个越来越沉重的包袱。 为一个人的过去是一个越来越沉重的包袱 。 人们往往会对自 己说,我过去感情多么丰富, 思想多么敏锐, 现在不行了。 己说 , 我过去感情多么丰富 , 思想多么敏锐 , 现在不行了 。 如果真是这样, 就不要去想; 如果不去想, 如果真是这样 , 就不要去想 ; 如果不去想 , 情形就有可能不 是这样了。 是uccessful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities.7 It is in this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being oppressive.8 It is no use telling grownup children not to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are an essential part of education.9 But if you are one of those who are incapable of impersonal interests, you may find that your life will be empty unless you concern yourself with your children and grandchildren. In that case you must realize that while you can still render them material services, such as making them an allowance or knitting them jumpers, you must not expect that they will enjoy your company. 我认为,如果老年人能多关注个人以外的事情, 我认为,如果老年人能多关注个人以外的事情,参加一些对老年人 合适的活动, 晚年是最容易过得好的。 只有在这样的活动中, 合适的活动 , 晚年是最容易过得好的 。 7 只有在这样的活动中 , 经 验丰富才显得意义非凡; 验丰富才显得意义非凡;也只有在这样的活动中经验中得出的智慧 才既找到了用武之地, 而又不让人觉得是强加于人。 才既找到了用武之地 , 而又不让人觉得是强加于人 。 8 告诫成年子 女不要犯错误,那是没有用的,一来他们不听你的,二来犯错误本 女不要犯错误,那是没有用的,一来他们不听你的, 来就是受教育不可缺少的环节。 但如果你不关注个人以外的事情, 来就是受教育不可缺少的环节 。 9 但如果你不关注个人以外的事情 , 你就只能老惦记着儿孙,否则你就会觉得生活空虚无望。 你就只能老惦记着儿孙,否则你就会觉得生活空虚无望。在这种情 况下,你必须明白:虽然你还能给他们物质上的帮助, 况下,你必须明白:虽然你还能给他们物质上的帮助,诸如给点零 花钱或织几件毛衣,但你千万别指望他们会喜欢和你住在一起。 花钱或织几件毛衣,但你千万别指望他们会喜欢和你住在一起。
As regards health, I have nothing useful to say since I have little experience of illness. I eat and drink whatever I like, and sleep when I cannot keep awake. I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome. 谈到健康问题,我没什么可说,因为我没怎么生过病。 谈到健康问题 , 我没什么可说 , 因为我没怎么生过病 。 我 想吃就吃,想喝就喝,想睡就睡,从不为健康而做什么, 想吃就吃 , 想喝就喝 , 想睡就睡 , 从不为健康而做什么 , 然而实际上我喜欢做的事大都有益于健康。 然而实际上我喜欢做的事大都有益于健康。
Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer.10 But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to overcome it— —so at least it seems to me——is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life.11 有些老年人因怕死而惶惶不安。年轻人怕死是无可厚非的。 有些老年人因怕死而惶惶不安。年轻人怕死是无可厚非的。如果年 轻人有可能战死沙场, 轻人有可能战死沙场,当想到生命赋予的美好生活他们还来不及享 受就被夺走,他们会觉得痛苦害怕,这是情有可原的。 受就被夺走 , 他们会觉得痛苦害怕,这是情有可原的。 10但对老年 人来说,饱尝了人生的酸甜苦辣,业已完成该做的一切, 人来说,饱尝了人生的酸甜苦辣,业已完成该做的一切,还怕死就 未免有些可鄙, 有些不光彩了。 要克服对死亡的恐惧, 未免有些可鄙 , 有些不光彩了 。 要克服对死亡的恐惧 , 最好的办 至少在我看来如此——就是逐渐扩大自己的兴趣范围,多关 就是逐渐扩大自己的兴趣范围, 法——至少在我看来如此 至少在我看来如此 就是逐渐扩大自己的兴趣范围 心一些个人以外的事情,慢慢地,自我的壁垒就会一点一点消退, 心一些个人以外的事情,慢慢地,自我的壁垒就会一点一点消退, 个人的生命就渐渐地融入到整个世界中了。 个人的生命就渐渐地融入到整个世界中了。11
The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigor from its vitality.4 When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them, but one's interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional.5 Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult.6 另一个需要防止的倾向就是老想和孩子呆在一起, 另一个需要防止的倾向就是老想和孩子呆在一起,希望从他们的活 力中汲取力量。 孩子长大了, 就想独立生活, 力中汲取力量 。 4 孩子长大了 , 就想独立生活 , 如果你还像他们小 时侯那样对他们大叮咛小嘱咐,你就可能成为他们的累赘, 时侯那样对他们大叮咛小嘱咐,你就可能成为他们的累赘,除非他 们特别麻木。我不是说一个人不应当关心孩子,而是说这种关心应 们特别麻木。我不是说一个人不应当关心孩子, 当是多为他着想,可能的话,给他们一些接济,而不是过于情绪化。 当是多为他着想,可能的话,给他们一些接济,而不是过于情绪化。 5 动物在自己的后代一旦能够生活自理后 , 便听之任之 ; 人不一样 , 动物在自己的后代一旦能够生活自理后, 便听之任之;人不一样, 由于抚养子女的时间长,要父母做到这一点很难。 由于抚养子女的时间长,要父母做到这一点很难。6
How to Grow Old
怎样才能活到老/ 怎样才能活到老/怎样才可以不老1
这篇文章是英国哲学家罗素的名篇。 这篇文章是英国哲学家罗素的名篇。 作者从身体健康、心理健康、 作者从身体健康、心理健康、对死亡的态度等方面分别阐述了自己对老 年生活的看法,逻辑层次清晰,语言生动精炼。 年生活的看法,逻辑层次清晰,语言生动精炼。 全篇的结构层次: 全篇的结构层次: 段一健康问题;段二段三心理上的两种错误倾向; 段一健康问题;段二段三心理上的两种错误倾向;段四老年对个人以外 的事情怀有强烈的兴趣和如何对待子女;段五对死亡的正确态度。 的事情怀有强烈的兴趣和如何对待子女;段五对死亡的正确态度。 In spite of the title, this article will really be on how not to grow old, which at my time of life, is much more important subject.