定语从句(Ⅳ)——由介词+关系词”引导的定语从句

1、在定语从句中, which/whom前常加介词引导定语从句

例 He likes the book very much , for which he became famous ten years ago.

他很喜欢这本书,10年前他因此书出了名。

例 He is a great scientist , from whom we learn a lot

他是一位伟大的科学家,从他身上我们学到了很多>

因介词不能提前的情况:有些动词短语比较固定,不宜分割,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如listen to, catch up with, take care of, hear of,be proud of , take part in , get along with, look forward to, make use of 等。

2、关系词 whose, where,when前可加介词

例They respected the old man very much , with whose help they finished the work on schedule.

他们很尊敬这位老人,在他的帮助下他们接时完成了这项工作。

例 The boy climbed to the top of the tree , from where he could see the enemy in the distance.

这个男孩爬上了树顶,从那里他可以看见远处的敌人。

3、在 which/whom前还可用复合介词

mos tof which , all of whom , neither of which , in front of which ,half of whom, in which case, during which time等都是“复合介词+关系词”结构。

例 He has two sons , neither of whom is interested in medicine.

他有两个儿子,他们都对医学不感兴趣。

考点“短语介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,若短语介词是表示位置的,而且定语从句的谓语动词是不及物的,定语从句往往用倒装语序。

例 They will climb the mountain , at the foot of which lies a small village.

他们将要爬那座山,山脚下有个小村庄。