自考英美文学选读各时期笔记整理
美国文学史及选读复习笔记（1-2册）
美国文学史及选读复习笔记（1-2册）History And Anthology of American Literature (V olumeⅠⅡ)美国文学史及选读1、2PartⅠThe Literature of Colonial America殖民主义时期的文学1. 17世纪早期English and European explorers开始登陆美洲。
在他们之前100多年Caribbean Islands, Mexico and other Parts of South America已被the Spanish占领。
2. 17th早期English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts(弗吉尼亚和马萨诸塞)开始了美国历史3. 美国最早殖民者(earliest settlers)included Dutch ,Swedes ,Germans ,French ,Spaniards ,Italians and Portuguese (荷兰人，瑞典人，德国人，法国人，西班牙人，意大利人及葡萄牙人等)。
4. 美国早期文学主要为the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日记和日志)，他们写关于the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil.5. 第一批美国永久居民：the first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown,Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿)。
6. 船长约翰?史密斯Captain John Smith他的作品(reports of exploration)17th 早期出版，被认为是美国第一部真正意义上的文学作品in the early 1600s,have been described as the first distinctly American literature written in English.他讲述了filled with themes, myths, images, scenes, character and events,吸引了朝圣者和清教徒前往lure the Pilgrims and the Puritans.7. 美国第一位作家：1608年Captain John Smith写了封信《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”.8. 他的第二本书1612年《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”.9. 他一共出版了八本书，其中有关于新英格兰的历史及描述。
英美文学选读自考重点
英美文学选读自考重点英美文学选读是自考中一门重要且富有魅力的课程，它涵盖了英国和美国文学发展历程中的众多经典作品和重要作家。
对于自考生来说，掌握重点内容是顺利通过考试的关键。
以下将为您详细介绍英美文学选读自考的重点。
一、英国文学部分1、古英语时期与中世纪文学这一时期的重点是了解英国文学的起源和早期发展。
比如，《贝奥武甫》是英国文学史上第一部重要的史诗，要理解其主题、结构和语言特点。
另外，乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》也是重点，需掌握其对人物的刻画、叙事技巧以及反映的社会现实。
2、文艺复兴时期文学文艺复兴时期的英国文学成就斐然。
威廉·莎士比亚是重中之重，他的戏剧作品如《哈姆雷特》《罗密欧与朱丽叶》《麦克白》等，要深入研究其人物塑造、情节设置、主题思想以及对人性、命运、爱情等问题的探讨。
同时，还需了解这一时期其他重要作家如托马斯·莫尔的《乌托邦》。
3、 17 世纪文学这一时期的玄学派诗歌和清教徒文学是重点。
约翰·多恩的玄学派诗歌以奇特的比喻和复杂的思维著称，要理解其诗歌的独特风格和思想内涵。
而弥尔顿的《失乐园》《复乐园》等作品，则要把握其宗教主题和史诗般的气魄。
4、 18 世纪文学启蒙运动时期的英国文学注重现实和理性。
丹尼尔·笛福的《鲁滨逊漂流记》是必读作品，要分析主人公的形象和作品所反映的殖民主义、个人奋斗等主题。
此外，乔纳森·斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》也是重点，理解其讽刺手法和对社会现象的批判。
5、 19 世纪浪漫主义文学浪漫主义时期的诗人如威廉·华兹华斯、塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治、拜伦、雪莱和济慈的作品都需要认真研读。
了解他们各自的诗歌风格、主题以及对自然、爱情、自由等的追求。
同时，简·奥斯汀的小说《傲慢与偏见》也是常考内容，要分析其细腻的人物描写和婚姻爱情观。
6、 19 世纪现实主义文学查尔斯·狄更斯的作品在这一时期占据重要地位，如《雾都孤儿》《大卫·科波菲尔》《双城记》等，要理解其对社会现实的批判和对人性的关怀。
自考英美文学选读_重点总结【英国】Chapter 5 The Modern Period现代时期
【英国】Chapter 5 The Modern Period现代时期1. The once sun-never-set Empire finally collapsed.日不落帝国终于日薄西山了。
2. Arthur Schopenhauer, a pessimistic philosopher, started a rebellion against rationalism, stressing the importance of will and intuition.德国哲学家亚瑟.叔本华的悲观主义与反理性哲学强调了人的意愿与直觉的重要性。
3. Friedrich Nietzsche advocated the doctrines of power and superman and by completely rejecting the Christian morality.尼采继承了叔本华的理论后，更进一步的反叛理性主义与基督教精神，推崇强权与霸权。
4. Henry Bergson established his irrational philosophy, which put the emphasis on creation, intuition, irrationality and unconsciousness.亨利.伯格森在前人基础上创立了非理性哲学，强调创造力，直觉，非理性与无意识。
5. The appalling shock of the First World War severely destroyed people’s faith in the Victorian values.一战的毁灭性灾难摧垮了人们对维多利亚道德标准的信奉。
6. The French symbolism, appearing in the late 19th century, heralded modernism.19世纪晚期法国的象征主义预示了现代主义的诞生。
自考《英美文学选读》笔记1（简单版）
Feature of Romanticism [P161-163] 1. Expressiveness. a. The Romantic period is an age of poetry. The Romantics believed that poetry could purify both individual souls and the society. b. Wordsworth’s theory of poetry is calling for simple themes drawn from humble life expressed in the language of ordinary people. c. The spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. d. The Romantics believed that object should be the expression of the writer’s emotion， impression and beliefs. 2. Imagination. It is in solitude， in communication with the natural universe， that man can exercise this most valuable of faculties， the imagination. 3. Worship of Nature. Nature is not only the major source of poetic imagery， but also provides the dominant subject matter. 4. To escape from a world that had become excessively rational， as well as excessively materialistic and ugly， the Romantics would turn to other times and places， where the qualities they valued could be convincingly depicted. Lake poet or passive Romantic poet： Wordsworth， Coleridge， Southey - old and conservative. Active Romantic poet： Byron，Shelly， Keats - young and revolutionary. 5. Romantics also tend to be nationalistic， defending the great poets and dramatists of their own national heritage against the advocates of classical rules. 6. Romantic writers are always seeking for the Absolute， the Ideal through the transcendence of the actual. They have also made bold experiments in poetic language， versification and design， and constructed a variety of forms on original principles of organization and style. Political Writing [P164] 1. Leading figures： Coleridge， Hazlitt， Lamb， and De Quincey 2. William Hazlitt （1778-1830） is a great critic on Shakespeare， Elizabethan drama， and English poetry. He is alsoa master of the familiar essays. He has developed an eloquent， courageous and arbitrary prose style. 3. Charles Lam （1775-1844） is a lovable essayist. His essay is a medium for a delightful literary treatment of life’s small pleasures and reassurance. The essential characteristic of his essays is a strong clear intelligence， commanding in its centrality， its courage， and its vital irony. 4. Thomas De Quincey （1785-1859） is one of the keenest intellects of the age. The great literary merit of his Confessions of an English Opium Eater lies in his subtle revelation of the potentiality of human dreams. His concern with the psychological effects of literature achieves. His style， sometimes stately， sometimes headlong， now gorgeous， now musical， shows a harmony between the idea and the expression.hunder which overwhelmed him left heart still unvanquished.der which overwhelmed him left heart still unvanquished. Novelists of the period 1. Jane Austen （1775-1817） She honors the Augustan virtues of moderation， dignity， disciplined emotion and common sense. The major theme of her novels is love and marriage. 2. Walter Scott （1771-1832） is the most popular novelist of his day. His major novels： Waverley， Old Mortality，The Heart of Midlothian， Rob Roy and Ivanhoe. The last 3 are most famous. Importance of Walter Scott： a. In his depiction of Scotland， England， and the Continent from medieval times to the 18th century， he showed a keen sense of political and traditional forces and of their influence on the individual. b. He is the first major historical novelist， exerting a powerful literary influence both in British and on the Continent throughout the 19th century. Gothic Novel It’s a phase of the Romantic Movement. Its principal elements are violence， horror and the supernatural. Gothic Novel： 1. Content： magic， supernatural elements， ghosts， monsters. 2. Setting： old castle， graveyard， dark forest. 3. Atmosphere： horrible. Lake Poet： 1. Wordsworth， Coleridge， Southey. They live in the district of Great Lake， northwestern England. 2. They have radical inclinations in their youth， but later turned conservative and received favors from the Government. 3. They criticize the industrial capitalist society. William Blake （1757-1827） 1757 He was born in an Irish family. His father was a small hosiery businessman. As a child， he was talented in drawing. 1767 At the age of 10， he was sent to a drawing school. 1771 Age of 14， he began his 7-year apprenticeship for an engraver. 1779 He began to earn a living as an engraver. 1780 He married Catherine Boucher. His marriage is a life long happiness. Blake often misunderstood by other people as a gifted but mad man. He wasn’t rich as he spent most of his time on writing and painting. In his time， he wasn’t known as a poet， because his poems were published posthumously. William Blake’s 3 major works 1809 The Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poems， presenting a happy and innocent world， though not without its evils and sufferings. Writing style of the poem： He broke completely with the traditions of the 18th century. He experienced in meter and rhyme and introduced bold metrical innovations which could not be found in the poetry of his contemporaries. 1794 The Songs of Experience paints a different world， a world of misery， poverty， disease， war and repression with a melancholy tone. The two books hold the similar subject matter， but the tone emphasis and conclusion differ. e.g. "The Chimney Sweeper" in the two books Difference The Songs of Innocence The Songs of Experience Writing tone Happy and hopeful Bitter and ironical Sweeper Sees duty a hope， if they do their duty， they will live happily in the heaven. Sees duty an exploitation. Religion Identify himself with religion or Christianity. He believes he will gain happiness if he does his duty. Sees the religion or Christianity as the source of misery. The suffering of the child reveals the false ideal of Christianity. Selected reading from William Blake [P171-172] "The Chimney Sweeper" from The Songs of Innocence and The Songs of Experience.。
《英美文学选读》笔记
P3Middle English literature strongly reflects the principles (原则) of the medieval Christina doctrine (中世纪基督教学说) , which were primarily (主要) concerned with the issue of personal salvation (拯救)P4Geoffrey Chaucer is the greatest writer of this period.Chaucer characteristically( 表示特性地) regard life in term of aristocratic ideals (贵族理想) ,but he never lost the ability of regarding life as a purely(纯粹地) practical matter , the art of being at once involved in and detached from a given situation is peculiarly (特有地) Chaucer’sChaucer bore （带有）marks of humanism and anticipated ( 预期的)a new era (时代) to comeIn short, Chaucer develops his characterization (描述) to a higher artistic (艺术的,有美感的) level by presenting characters (引出人物) with both typical and individual dispositions (部署)Chaucer’s reputation (名誉) has been securely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and humanityChapter 1Renaissances: The Renaissances which means rebirth or revival, is actually a movement stimulated ( 刺激) by a series of historical events, In essence( 本质上) , is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers (人道主义思想家) and scholars (学者) made attempt( 努力/尝试) to get rid of ( 摆脱) those old feudalist ideas ( 封建主义) in medieval Europe , to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie (新兴的资产阶级) and to recover the purity (纯度) of the earlychurch from the corruption( 腐败,堕落) of the Roman Catholic Church/P7 P8Humanism is the essence ( 本质) of the RenaissanceThomas More , Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare and the best representatives of the English humanistWhen Henry VIII declared himself through the approval of the Parliament( 国会) as the supreme (极大的,最高的) Head of the Church of England in 1534 , the Reformation in England was in its full swing ( 高潮)P10The religious reformation was actually as reflection of the class strugglewaged ( 工资 )by the new rising bourgeoisie against the feudal class and its ideology ( 意识形态)The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation andassimilation ( 模仿与同化)In the early stage of the Renaissance, poetry and poetic drama were the most outstanding literary forms and they were carried on especially by Shakespeare and Ben JonsonThe Elizabethan drama , in its totally, is the real mainstream( 主流) of the English RenaissanceThe most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare and Ben JonsonP12Edmund Spenserhe was born in London and received good education & left Cambridge in 1576.in 1580, he was made secretary of Lord Grey of wilton. Spenser’s masterpiece(代表作)is the “ Faerie Queene ” is great poem of its age。
(完整word版)新大纲自考《英美文学选读》笔记总结背完必过
《英美文学选读》笔记背完必过Part One: English LiteratureAn Introduction to Old and Medieval English LiteratureI Understanding and application: (理解应用)1. England’s inhabitants are Celts. And it is conquered by Romans, Anglo Saxons and Normans. The Anglo-Saxons brought the Germanic language and culture to England, while Normans brought the Mediterranean civilization, including Greek culture, Rome law and the Christian religion. It is the cultural influence of these two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth of English literature.2. The old English literature extends from about 450 to 1066, the year of the Norman conquest of England.3. The old English poetry that has survived can be divided into two groups: The religious group and the secular one4. Beowulf: a typical example of Old English poetry is regarded as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. It is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.5. After the Norman’s conquest, three languages co-existed in England. French is the official language that is used by king and the Norman lords. Latin is the principal tongue of church affairs and in universities. Old English was spoken only by the common English people.6. In the second half of 14th century, English literature started to flourish with the appearance of writers like Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, John Gower, and others II Recite: (识记再现)1. Romance:①It uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period.②It has developed the characteristic medieval motifs of the quest, the test, the meeting with the evil giant and the encounter with the beautiful beloved.③The hero is usually the knight, who sets out on a journey to accomplish some missions. There are often mysteries and fantasies in romance.④Romantic love is an important part of the plot in romance.Characterization is standardized, While the structure is loose and episodic, the language is simple and straightforward.⑤The importance of the romance itself can be seen as a means of showing medieval aristocratic men and women in relation to their idealized view of the world.2. Heroic couplet:Heroic couplet is a rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter. It is Chaucer who used it for the first time in English in his work The Legend of Good Woman.3. The theme of Beowulf:The poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader. The poem is an example of the mingling of the nature myths and heroic legends.4. The Wife of Bath in The Canterbury Tales:The Wife of Bath is depicted as the new bourgeois wife asserting her independence. Chaucer develops his characterization to a higher artistic level by presenting characters with both typical qualities and individual dispositions.5. Chaucer’s achievement:①He presented a comprehensive realistic picture of his age and created a whole gallery of vivid characters in his works, especially in The Canterbury Tales.②He anticipated a new ear, the Renaissance, to come under the influence of the Italian writers.③He developed his characterization to a higher level by presenting characters with both typical qualities and individual dispositions.④He greatly contributed to the maturing of English poetry. Today, Chaucer’s reputation has been securely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and humanity.6. “The F ather of English poetry”:Originally, Old English poems are mainly alliterative verses with few variations.①Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace it.②In The Romaunt of the Rose (玫瑰传奇), he first introduced to the English the octosyllabic couplet (八音节对偶句).③In The Legend of Good Women, he used for the first time in English heroic couplet.④And in his masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales, he employed heroic couplet with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature.⑤His art made him one of the greatest poets in English; John Dryden called him “the father of English poetry”.【例题】The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created awhole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely ______________.(0704)A. William Langland’s Piers PlowmanB. Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury TalesC. John Gower’s Confession AmantisD. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight【答案】B【解析】(P4.para.2)本题考查的是中世纪时期几位诗人作品的创作主题和创作范围。
英美文学选读笔记
英国文学上古时期：Old English 450-1066 典型诗歌：<Beowulf>中世纪时期：Medieval English 1066 - middle 14th century杰弗里·乔叟Geoffrey Chaucerthe father of English poetry<The Canterbury Tales> 《坎特伯雷故事集》first time to use 'heroic couplet'文艺复兴时期：The Renaissance - rebirth or revivalHumanism - the essence of the Renaissance, the dignity of human being & the importance of the present life埃德蒙·斯宾塞Edmund Spenserthe poets' poet诗人中的诗人:<The Faerie Queene>《仙后》克里斯托夫·马洛Christopher MarloweUniversity Wits大学才子派, the pioneer of English dramaBlank verse无韵体, hyperbole夸张<Dr. Faustus> 《浮士德博士的悲剧》the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness <The Passionate Shepherd to His Love> 《激情的牧人致心爱的姑娘》pastoral life田园诗威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeareabove all writers in the past and in the present timeFour tragedies - Hamlet, Othello, King Lear & Macbeth<Sonnet 18> 《十四行诗18》eternal or immortal beauty<The Merchant of Venice> 《威尼斯商人》to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, to expose the insatiable greed and brutality<Hamlet>《哈姆雷特》hesitate between fact and fiction, language and action, too sophisticated to degrade his nature to the conventional role of a stage revengerTo be, or not to be - to live on in this world or to die; to suffer or to take actionSoliloquy or monologue - fully reveal the inner conflict of the characters弗兰西斯·培根Francis Baconbrevity, compactness & powerfulness, his essays is an important landmark in the development of English proseInductive method归纳法in place of deductive method演绎法<Of Studies>《论学习》uses and benefits of study - studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Studies perfect nature, and are perfected by experience. Different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies - studies and experience are complementary互补to each other. The correct attitude to reading books - to weigh and consider. How studies exert influence over human character - reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man.约翰·邓恩John Donne<I>meta</I>physical poetry - break away from love poetry, a seemingly unfocused diversity of experiences and attitudes, and a free range of feelings and moodsConceits, syllogism三段论<The Sun Rising>《日出》the busy sun is always ready to interfere with other things and everywhere<Death, Be Not Proud>《死神莫骄妄》whatever you are, you can not escape from death. When you are living, you are always in the shadow of death. Death only lasts a moment, our life after death is eternal. The more pleasure the death gives people, not only the pleasure of the rest & the sleep, because 'whom the gods love die young'. Though death is usually considered powerful, it actually provides a rest for a man's body and a birth for his soul.约翰·弥尔顿John Milton<Paradise Lost>《失乐园》the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf. The conflict is between human love and spiritual duty. In heaven, Satan led a rebellion against God with his unconquerable will.<Paradise Regained>《复乐园》<Samson Agonistes>《力士参孙》the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English.新古典主义时期Neoclassicism - a revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion抑制情感& accuracyEnlightenment - a progressive intellectual movement, reason (rationality), equality & scienceGothic novel - mystery, horror & castles约翰·班扬John Bunyan<The Vanity Fair> from <The Pilgrim's Progress>《名利场》节选自《天路历程》, a religious allegory, pursue the truth.亚历山大·蒲伯Alexander Pope<An Essay on Criticism>《论批评》a poem written in heroic couplets, criticize the present poem lack of true taste & call on people to turn to the old Greek and Roman writers for guidance, 'true wit' is best set in a plain (simple & clear) style.丹尼尔·笛福Daniel Defoe - the first writer study of the lower-class people<Robinson Crusoe>《鲁宾逊漂流记》, praise the human labor and the Puritan fortitude清教徒坚韧乔纳森·斯威夫特Jonathan Swifta master satirist In his opinion, human nature is seriously and permanently flawed. Proper words in proper places<A Modest Proposal>《一个温和的建议》<Gulliver's Travels>《格列佛游记》, four parts - Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Flying Island & Houyhnhnm亨利·菲尔丁Henry FieldingFather of English novel, Prose HomerComic epic in prose<The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling>《汤姆·琼斯》塞缪尔·约翰逊Samuel Johnsonfirst combine an English dictionary, last neoclassicist enlightener<A Dictionary of the English Language>《英文大辞典》<To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield>《致切斯特菲尔德勋爵的信》理查德·比·谢拉丹Richard Brinsley Sheridanthe only important English dramatist of the 18th century<The Rivals>《情敌》and <The School for Scandal> 《造谣学校》are regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw.托马斯·格雷Thomas GrayThe Graveyard School "墓地诗歌派"<Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard>《写在教堂墓地的挽歌》浪漫主义时期Romantic - emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplaceThe romantic period began with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge's <Lyrical Ballads>《抒情歌谣集》威廉·布莱克William Blake -engraver雕刻家<The Chimney Sweeper> from <Songs of Innocence>“扫烟囱的小男孩”选自《天真之歌》a happy and innocence world from children's eye<The Chimney Sweeper> from <Songs of Experience>“扫烟囱的小男孩”选自《经验之歌》a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy忧郁的tone from men eyes Childhood, paradoxes, a pairing of opposites<The Tyger>虎威廉·华兹华斯William Wordsworththe leading figure of the English romantic poetry, simple, spontaneous, worshipper of nature'Lake Poets' - William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge & Robert SoutheyHe defines the poet as a 'man speaking to men', and poetry as 'the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in 'emotion recollected in tranquillity'.<I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud>《我如行云独自游》the poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils水仙and poet's philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.<Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802> 《威斯敏斯特桥即景》the sonnet describes a vivid picture of a beautiful morning in London, silent, bright, glittering, smokeless & mildly. It is so touching a sight that the poet expressed his religion piety虔诚for nature.<She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways>《独自幽居》<The Solitary Reaper> 《孤独的收割女》thanks to poet's rich imagination, the mass of associations, this commonplace happening becomes a striking event, the poet succeeds in making the reader's share his emotion. The poem also shows the poet's passionate love of nature.塞·特·科勒律治Samuel Taylor Coleridge - supernatural, remotePoet can be divided into two groups - the demonic (supernatural) & the conversationalThe demonic group includes 3 masterpieces - <The Rime of the Ancient Mariner>《古航海家之歌》, <Chrisabel>《克里斯特贝尔》, <Kubla Khan>《忽必烈汗》乔治·戈登·拜伦George Gordon Byron'Byronic hero' is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles. Such a hero appears first in<Childe Harold's Pilgrimage>《哈洛尔德游记》.<Song for the Luddites>《路德党人之歌》'will die fighting, or live free' the Luddites destroyed the machines in their protest against unemployment. The poet's great sympathy of the workers in their struggle against the capitalists is clearly shown.<The Isles of Greece> from <Don Juan>“哀希腊”选自《唐·璜》(the masterpiece of Byron, a longsatirical poem), song by a Greek singer at the wedding of Don Juan and Haidee. 'Fill high the bowl with Samian wine'?珀·比·雪莱Percy Bysshe Shelley<Men of England>《致英格兰人民》<Ode to the West Wind>《西风颂》terza rima, destructive-constructive potential, hopeful, 'I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!', 'If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?'约翰·济慈John Keats4 great odes - <Ode on Melancholy>《忧郁颂》, <Ode on a Grecian Urn>《希腊古瓮颂》, <Ode toa Nightingale>《夜莺颂》, <Ode to Psyche>《普赛克颂》<Ode on a Grecian Urn>《希腊古瓮颂》the contrast between the permanence of art and the transience短暂of human passion, 'Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard are sweeter', 'Beauty is truth, truth beauty'简·奥斯汀Jane Austen<Pride and Prejudice>《傲慢与偏见》维多利亚时期The Victorian PeriodDarwin's <The Origin of Species> and <The Descent of Man> shook the traditional faith, everything is created by GodUtilitarianism功利主义was widely accepted and practiced Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people查尔斯·狄更斯Charles Dickensone of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victorian AgeCharacter-portrayal is the most distinguishing feature of his worksA mingling of humor and pathos悲伤<A Tale of Two Cities>《双城记》<Oliver Twist>《雾都孤儿》勃朗蒂姐妹The Bronte SistersCharlotte Emily & AnneEmily, a rather reserved and simple girl, was very much a child of nature. <Jane Eyre>《简·爱》<Wuthering Heights>《呼啸山庄》阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生Alfred Tennysoninvents dramatic monologue, Poet Laureate桂冠诗人, a real artist<Break, Break, Break>《浪花啪啪啪》the death of his best friend, his sadness feeling are contrasted with the carefree, innocent joys of the children and the unfeeling movement of the ship and the sea waves<Crossing the Bar>《度沙洲》we can feel his fearlessness towards death, his faith in God and an afterlife. 'Crossing the bar' means leaving this world and entering the next world<Ulysses>《尤利西斯》not endure the peaceful commonplace everyday life, old as he is, he persuades his old followers to go with him and to set sail again to pursue a new world and new knowledge, dramatic monologue, 'Myself not least, but honour'd of them all' means I am not theleast important, buthonoured by all of them罗伯特·布朗宁Robert Browningthe most original poet, who improve and mature the dramatic monologue<The Ring and the Book>《指环与书》his masterpiece<My Last Duchess>《我前一位公爵夫人》this dramatic monologue is the duke's speech addressed to the agent who comes to negotiate the marriage, the duke is a self-conceited, cruel and tyrannical man<Meeting at Night>《夜晚幽会》<Parting at Morning>《清晨告别》乔治·艾略特George Eliot--As a woman of exceptional特有的intelligence and life experience, she shows a particular concern for the destiny of women<Middlemarch>《米德尔马契》a sharp contrast is set between the cold, lifeless, dull house and Dorothea who is full of youthful life and vigor托马斯·哈代Thomas Hardy- both a naturalistic and a critical realist writerLocal-colored, Wessex, 'novels of character and environment'<Tess of the D'Urbervilles>《德伯家的苔丝》experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration美国文学浪漫主义时期American Romantic PeriodStarted with Washington Irving's <The Sketch Book> and ended with Whitman's <Leaves of Grass>, also called 'the American Renaissance'Free expression of emotion, escapes from society, and return to nature New England Transcendentalism华盛顿·欧文Washington Irvingfather of the American short stories, the American GoldsmithPerfected the best classic style that American literature ever producedFirst novel <A History of New York>《纽约史》<The Sketch Book>《见闻札记》contains German folk tales <Rip Van > 《瑞普·凡·温尔克》, <The Legend of Sleepy Hollow>《睡谷的传说》拉尔夫·华尔多·爱默生Ralph Waldo Emersonthe spokesman of New England Transcendentalism movement<The American Scholar>《论美国学者》, <Self - Reliance>《论自信》, <The Over-Soul>《论超灵》<The Poet>《论诗人》a reflection upon the aesthetic problems in terms of the present state of literature in America<Experience>《论经验》 a discussion about the conflict between idealism and ordinarylifeAmerican Puritanism, European Romanticism, intuitive knowledge, over-soul, individual, nature<Nature>《论自然》is regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism内森尼尔·霍桑Nathaniel HawthorneInterior of the heart, there is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life, but circumstances may rouse it to activity<The Scarlet Letter>《红字》<Young Goodman Brown>《小伙子布朗》沃尔特·惠特曼Walt WhitmanOpenness, freedom, individualismI - me, my nation (society), Free verse, Envelope structure, Catalogue (Listing)A new ideal, a new world, a new life-style<There Was a Child Went Forth> 《有个孩子在长大》how a child is greatly influenced by his growing environments<Cavalry Crossing a Ford>《渡河的骑兵》a scene of the American Civil War, all the movements described in this picture are frozen.<Song of Myself>《自我之歌》Whitman is a man bubbling with energy and laden with ideas, spontaneous expression of his original ideas赫尔曼·麦尔维尔Herman Melville - a master of allegory and symbolism, like Hawthorne<Moby-Dick>《白鲸》the first American prose epic, Ishmael both as a character and a narrator, the captain, Ahab is a monomaniac现实主义时期Realistic period - the Gilded Age, the poor poorer and the rich richer, people's attention was now directed to the interesting features of everyday existenceLocal colorism, social Darwinism, bestiality, beyond man's control马克吐温Mark Twainthe true father of American literatureLocal colorist, vernacular, simple sentence, 'the damned human race' The Gilded Age3 boyhood books ：<Life on the Mississippi>《密西西比河上的生活》<The Adventures of Tom Sawyer>《汤姆·索亚历险记》, <Adventures of Huckleberry Finn>《哈利贝丽芬历险记》<Adventures of Huckleberry Finn> Huck's inner conflict about whether or not he should write a letter to tell Miss Watson where Jim is.亨利·詹姆斯Henry Jamesinternational theme, psychological realistStream of consciousness, interior monologue, free association<Daisy Miller>《黛西·米勒》the narrator is an American expatriate, named Winterbourne. Daisy is the most innocent girl. The clash is between two different cultures.艾米莉·狄金森Emily DickinsonBased on her own experiences, her sorrows and joys<This is my letter to the World>《这就是我给世人的书信》express Dickinson's anxiety about her communication with the outside world.<I heard a Fly buzz - when I died >《我死时——听见一只苍蝇嗡鸣》de<I>script</I>ion of a moment of death<I like to see it lap the Miles>《我喜欢看他舔食着一路向前》Dickinson makes the train part of nature by animalizing it, like a horse.<Because I could not stop for Death >《因为我不能为死神停下》personify death and immortality so as to make her message strongly felt西奥多·德莱塞Theodore DreiserAmerica's literary naturalists Case history including everything Determinism (heredity biological & environment), survival of the fittest, the jungle law Trilogy of Desire 欲望三部曲<The Financier>《金融家》, <The Titan>《巨头》, <The Stoic>《斯多葛》<Sister Carrie>《嘉莉妹妹》'who shall cast the first stone?'现代时期The modern period - the second American Renaissance, the expatriate movement, the Lost Generation, a transformation from order to disorderSeize the day, enjoy the present, spiritual wasteland, collective unconscious, psychoanalysis Imagist movement, Jazz Age埃兹拉·庞德Ezra Pounda leading spokesman of the 'Imagist Movement'<The Cantos>《诗章》<In a Station of the Metro>《在地铁车站》Pound attempts to produce the emotion he felt when he walked down into a Paris subway station and suddenly saw a number of faces in the dim light. To capture the emotions, Pound uses the image of petals on wet, black boughs.<The River - Merchant's Wife: A Letter>《长干行》<A Pact>《契约》agreement with Whitman's free verse罗伯特·李·弗罗斯特Robert Lee Frostfour times awarded Pulitzer Prize, pastoral life and scene<After Apple-Picking>《摘苹果后》<The Road Not Taken>《为选择的路》<Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening>《雪夜林边停》尤金·奥尼尔Eugene O'Neillfounder of the American drama, won the Pulitzer Prize four times<The Hairy Ape>《毛猿》F·司各特·菲兹杰拉德F·Scott Fitzgeraldspokesman of the Jazz Age, Dollar Decade, 1920sA double vision of the Jazz Age, both an insider and an outsiderAmerican Dream<The Great Gatsby>《了不起的盖茨比》欧内斯特·海明威Ernest Hemingwayawarded the Nobel PrizeIceberg style, Code hero, the lost generation, grace under pressure<Indian Camp> from <In Our Time>“印第安人营地”选自《在我们的时代里》birth and death coexist威廉·福克纳William Faulknerawarded a Nobel PrizeSouth, imprisonment in the pastStream of consciousness, multiple points of viewYoknapatawpha Country<A Rose for Emily>给艾米莉的玫瑰》Emily is regarded as the symbol of tradition and theold way of life. Thus her death is like the falling of a monument.。
《英美文学选读》笔记,全面归纳
《英美文学选读》笔记,全面归纳9年elf担任造反发言人。
主要的有:《儒林外史》(1794)、《洛书》(1795)。
四祖(1796-1807)无论他想象什么，他也看到了。
作为一个富有想象力的诗人，他用视觉形象而不是抽象的术语来表达自己的观点。
布雷克在平原上写他的诗《怀伊河谷》本身，用一个细节描述了归来的流浪者思想的宁静中心，传达了一种自然秩序的感觉，立刻生动地表现了船停下来的情景；炎热的热带阳光照耀了一整天。
其他水手一个接一个地渴死了，只有水手还活着，一直被口渴折磨着(1595)，这首诗表达了诗人第二次婚姻所引起的深刻的个人感情；阿莫里蒂(1595)，一系列十四行诗。
理解他的影响spesser诗歌的主要品质(完美的旋律②罕见的美感③精彩的想象力④崇高的道德纯洁它也揭示了人类在敌对的道德秩序中实现崇高愿望的挫折。
最后一个场景，浮士德面临他的厄运，出色地呈现了一些移民到殖民地的恐惧；有些人堕落到农场工人的水平，他是一个无辜的叛逆者，时间的三个统一，建筑的空间规律应该坚持时间的三个统一，建筑的空间规律应该坚持，这本书很快变成了一个开放的道路的伟大小说，一个\史诗般的散文\其主题是\真正荒谬的\人性，暴露在各种各样的约瑟夫悲剧:艾琳(1749)；几百篇论文出现在他编辑的两个期刊——《漫步者》，他必须取悦，但他也必须指导；他不能冒犯宗教或宣扬不道德；杜纳(1775)，喜剧歌剧；《批评家》(1779)，一部滑稽剧《水手的灵魂》中每一个相应的变化都被记录下来。
整个经历是一场极度疲劳的考验。
(2)\可汗\是柯勒律治吸食鸦片后在梦中创作的。
诗人在阅读忽必烈汗的作品时睡着了。
河流、宏伟宫殿的形象\人类想象力的产物是调和对立的装置(诗歌)；第12行到第30行是抑扬格五音步，其多样性是多节奏的；第31行到第34行是抑扬顿挫的四步抑扬顿挫，第35行是抑扬顿挫的五步抑扬顿挫。
他悲叹堕落的希腊，表达了他热切的希望被压迫的希腊人民应该赢得他们的自由；他赞美法国大革命，而在大陆上，他被誉为自由的捍卫者，人民的诗人。
自考英美文学选读要点总结精心整理2
英美文学选读要点总结细心整理[英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。
2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心, 人是万物之灵。
3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到足够的论据, 来赞美人性, 并开始留意到人类是崇高的生命, 人可以不断发展完善自己, 而且世界是属于他们的, 供他们怀疑, 探究以及享受。
4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔, 克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。
自考英语：英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版[3]
![自考英语：英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版[3]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/2236b7a9f61fb7360a4c654b.png)
自考英语：英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版[3] 英国】Chapter3 The Romantic Period (1798-1832)浪漫主义1.This urgency was provoked by two important revolutions: the French Revolution of 1789-1794 and the English Industrial Revolution which happened more slowly, but with Astonishing consequences.英国面临着新的发展动力:是1789-1794年的法国资产阶级大革命,是同时期英国内部的工业革命.2.In 1832, the Reform Bill was enacted, which brought the Industrial capitalists into power.1832年“改革法案”在议会通过并实施。
3.The Romantic Movement, whether in England, Germany or France, expressed a more or less negative forward the existing social.浪漫主义运动,无论是在英国,德国还是法国,都表现相互对工业革命时期现存的社会经济制度及城市资产阶级的上升的否定态度。
4. The Romantics demonstrated a strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18th-century writers and philosophers. Where their predecessors saw man as a social animal, the Romantics saw him essentially as an individual in the solitary state.文学家摒弃了18 世纪盛行的文学及哲学基调---理性,古典主义文学家认为人是社会性的动物,浪漫主义文学家认为人应该是独立自由的个体.5. Thus, we can say that Romanticism actually constitutes a changeof direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit.因此,们还可以说浪漫主义其实是将人们的注意力从外部世界—社会文明转移到内部世界---人类自己的精神实质。
自考 英美文学选读 知识点-Nicolas整理
emotionally engaging. The Traditional theme of the play is to praise the
5. 最后一个阶段：包括他主要的浪漫悲喜剧《波里克利斯》《新柏林》《冬天的故事》《暴风
friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a herioine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiable greed and
7. The Merchant of Venice is the most important play among the comedies, in which Shakespeare has created tension, armbiguity, a self-conscious
and self-delighting artifice that is at once intellectually exciting and
两部悲剧：《罗密欧与朱丽叶》《裘利斯。凯撒》
Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen 6. Henry IV Parts I and II are undoutedly the most widely read among his
history plays. It reveals a troubled reign in the 15th century. Shakespeare
2. 《论出版自由》可能是他最令人难忘的散文作品，它是一个为出版自己有所作的伟大的抗
Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained Samson Agonistes. Among the three, the first is the greatest, indeed the only one generally acknowledged epic
英美文学选读自学笔记
英美文学选读自学笔记English literature前言: 配合该笔记，看看选读的文章，有个大概的印象就行了。
学会对文章进行分析是考查的最终目标。
本人判断力不错，但记忆力不好,考前看了两遍，考了68分。
如果能记下要点，应该会考得更好。
这次考试的40小题选择题我做对了32题。
最后,希望我整理的笔记能提高大家的学习效率,I Old English Literature ----(450―1066)two groups : religious �C-on biblical themes ---- Secular ---- heroic age ---- --- a protector ofpeople ,fight against the nature.II Medieval period ---(1066---14th Century)Fame :1066 Norman conquest ---- three changes―feud alism system established ( politically )--- Catholic Church ( Religiously ) --- French, Latin, English (co-existedlanguage )In comparison with old English literature: (1) wider range of subjects (2) themes concerned with the personal salvation (3) romance love (4) the language is simple and straightforward ?The epic reflects a heroicage ,the romance reflects a chivalric one‘ 骑士Chaucer : 1 titles: the English Homer , the father of English poetry (from),2 verse : first use 'heroic couplet' , realisticpicture of his time , vivid characters from all works of his life , the characters are both typical and individual, his ideas is to pursue earthly happiness, opposed asceticism 禁欲主义, advocate humanism, replacealliterative verse with rhymed stanzas (古英语的押头韵变成中世纪的押尾韵)first use rhymed 'heroic couplet' octosyllabic 八音节诗 3.novel: the first modern novel.III Renaissance (14th―17th)Fame : ① move from feudalist ideas to the interest of rising bourgeoisie.② recover from corruption of the Roman Catholic Church to the purity of the earthly church . England :the reign of Henry VIII -----England?s Golden Age in literature---- Bibles in English instead of Latin readable forcommon people-------- literary giants : Shakespeare, Spenser ,Jonson Sidney,Marlowe ,Bacon ,and DonneThe time of Tudos ---- change monasteries修道院 into schools anduniversities ------ the English Renaissance flourishing-------first introduced printing into England and translatedbooks in English(by William Caxton)Traits of humanistic poetry : meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should be combined to frame the emotional theme. Poetry was to be a concentrated exercise of the mind , if craftsmanship and of learning. The most famous dramatists : Shakesperar , Ben Jonson, and Marlowe Writers : Wyatt (introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England)Surrey (brought in blank verse)Sidney (brought in sestina and terza rima)Marlowe(brought mighty lines to the blank verse ) Spenser( pastoral convention )John Donne, George Herbert ( metaphysical poets)Francis Bacon (the first important English essayist, the founder ofmodern science in England)I Edmund SpensorFame: Spenserian Stanza，the poet‘s poet(他的诗节被称为�D斯宾塞诗节‖，他被称为�D诗人中之诗人‖)选读 (Poem)contains 12 books, speaks of 12 virtues of the private gentleman, each of which tells a knight. Arthur―the heros of heros---plays a role in each of the 12 major adventures, serve as a unifying element. The theme is ?Fierce Wares and f aithful loves‘.The knight here symbolized the Church (Anglican) , is the protector of Una (the Virgin) .Una stands for the true religion.Qualities of Spensor’s poetry: 1. a perfect melody (music sense) 2.a rare sense of beauty 3. a splendid imagination 4.a lofty moral purity and seriousness. 5.a dedicated idealism II. Christopher MarloweFame: be regarded as ?University Wits‘. Perfected the blank verse, brought strong emotion into the blank verse. He created the Renaissance hero for English drama. Such a hero is always individualistic and full of ambition. (but his verse is not strong in dramatic construction and women ?s characters are rather pale)Plays: (the name of an ambitious ancient emperor. He rose from a shepherd to an overpowering king through his own effort. By depicting such a great king, Marlow voiced the desire of the man of the Renaissance for infinite power and authority. )选读 (Faustus is longing for knowledge and finally sells his souls to the evil. It celebrates the human passion for knowledge ,power and happiness)affection for his love.)Poetry: (It deprives from the pastoral tradition, in which the shepherd enjoys an ideal country life, cherishing a pureIII. William Shakespeare (1564―1616)Background: from merchant‘s family .父亲是个当地镇里的多面手，有点名气。
英美文学选读(英国)浪漫主义时期笔记
Chapter 3 The Romantic Period1. The Romantic Period: The Romantic period is the period generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads and to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death and the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament. It is emphasized the special qualities of each individual’s mind.2.Social background:a. during this period, England itself had experienced profound economic and social changes. The primarily agricultural society had been replaced by a modern industrialized one.b. With the British Industrial Revolution coming into its full swing, the capitalist class came to dominate not only the means of production, but also trade and world market.3.The Romantic Movement: it expressed a more or less negative attitude toward the existing social and political conditions that came with industrialization and the growing importance of the bourgeoise. The romantics demontrated a a strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18th-century writers and philosophers. They saw man as an individual in the solitary state. Thus, the Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit.The Romantic period is an age of poetry. Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats are the major Romantic poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution. Wordsworth and Coleridge were the major representatives of this movement. Wordsworth defines the poet as a “man speaking to men”, and poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.” Imagination, defined by Coleridge, is the vital faculty that creates new wholes out of disparate elements. The Romantics not only extol the faculty of imamgination, but also elevate the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration, regarding them as something crucial for true poetry. The natural world comes to the forefront of the poetic imagination. Nature is not only the major source of the poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject mattre. It is in solitude, in communion with the natural universe, that man can exercise this most valuable of faculties.Romantics also tend to be nationalistic, defending the great poets and dramatists of their own national heritage against the advocates of classical rules.Poetry: to the Romantics, poetry should be free from all rules.they would turn to the humble people and the common everyday life for subjects.Prose: It’s also a great age of prose. With education greatly developed for the middle-class people, there was a rapid growth in the reading public and an increasing demand for reading materials.Romantics made literary comments on the writers with high standards, which paved the way for the development of a new and valuable type of critical writings. Colerige, Hazlitt, Lamb, and De Quincey were the leading figures in this new development.Novel: the 2 major novelists of the period are Jane Austen and Walter Scott.Gothic novel: a tyoe of romantic fiction that predominated in the late 18th century, was one of the Romantic movement. Its principal elements are violence, horror, and the supernatural, which strongly appeal to the reader’s emotion. With is description of the dark, irritional side of human nature, the Gothic form exerted a great influence over the writers of the Romantic period.3. Ballads: the most important form of popular literature; flourished during the 15th century; Most written down in 18th century; mostly written in quatrains; Most important is the Robin Hood ballads.4. Romanticism: it is romanticism is a literary trend. It prevailed in England during the period of 1798-1832. Romanticists were discontent with and opposed to the development of capitalism. They split into two groups.Some Romantic writers reflected the thinking of those classes which had been ruined by the bourgeoisie called Passive Romantic poets represented by Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey.Others expressed the aspiration of the labouring classes called Active or Revolutionary Romantic poets represented by Byron and Shelley and Keats.5. Lake Poets:Wordsworth, Coleridge and Robert Southey have often been mentioned as the “Lake Poets” because they lived in the Lake District in the northwestern part of England6. Byronic Hero a proud, mysterious rebelling figure of noble origin rights all the wrongs in a corrupt society, and is against any kind of tyrannical rules; It appeared first in Childe H arold’s Pilgrimage and then further developed in later works as the Oriental Tales, Manfred and Don Juan; the figure is somewhat modeled on the life and personality of Byron himself, and makes Byron famous both at home and abroad.7. Main Writers:A. William Blake(1757-1827):1. Literarily, Blake was the first important Romantic poet, showing a comtempt for the rule of reason, opposing the calssical tradition of the 18th century,and treasuring the individual’s imagination.2. His first printed work, Poetic Skelches, is a collection of youthful verse. Joy, laughter, love and harmony are the prevailing notes.3. The Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world, though not without its evils and sufferings. The wretched child described in “The Chimney Sweeper,”orphaned, exploited, yet touched by visionary rapture, evokes unbearable poignancy when he finally puts his trust in the order of the universe as he knows it. Blake experimented in meter and rhyme and introduced bold metrical innovations which could not be found in the poetry of his contemporaries.4. The Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a malancholy tone. The little chinmney sweeper sings “notes of woe” while his parents go to the church and praise “God & his Priest & King”—the very intrument of their repression. A number of poems in the Songs of Experience also find a counterpart in the Songs of Experience. The 2 books hold the similar subject-matter, but the tone, emphasis and conclusion differ.5. Childhood is central to Blake’s concern in the Songs of Innocence and the Songs of Experience, and this concern gives the 2 books a strong social and historical reference. The two “Chimney Sweeper”poems are good examples to reveal the relation between an economic ciecumstance, i.e. the exploitation of child labor, and an ideological circumstance, i.e. the role played by religion in making people compliant to exploitation. The poem from the Songs of Innocence indicates the conditions which make religion a consolation, a prospect “illusionary happiness;”the poem from the Songs of Experience reveals the nature of religion which helps bring misery to the poor children.6. Blake’s Marriage of Heaven and Hell marks his entry into maturity. The poem plays the double role both as a satire and a revolutionary prophecy. Blake explores the relationship of the contrries. Attraction and repulsion, reason and energy, love and hate, are necessary to human existence. The “Marriage”means the reconciliation of the contraries, not the subordination of the one to the other.Main works: Poetical SketchesSongs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poemsHoly Thursday reminds us terribly of a world of loss and institutional cruelty.Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone.Marriage of Heaven and HellThe book of UrizenThe Book of LosThe Four ZoasMilton7. Language Character: he writes his poems in plain and direct language. His poems often carry the lyric beauty with immense compression of meaning. He distrusts the abstractness and tends to embody his views with visual images. Symbolism in wide range is also a distinctive feature of his poetry.B. William Wordsworth(1770-1850) In 1842 he received a government pension, and in the following year he succeeded Southey as Poet Laureate.Lyrical Ballads:But the Lyrical Ballads differs in marked ways from his early poetry, notably the uncompromising simplicity of much of the language, the strong sympathy not merely with the poor in general but with particular, dramatized examples of them, and the fusion of natural description with expressions of inward states of mind.Short poems:According to the subjects, Wordsworth’s short poems can be calssified into two groups: poems about nature and poems about human life.Wordsworth is regarde as a “worshipper of nature.”He can penetrate to the heart of things and give the reader the very life of nature. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”is perhaps the most anthologized poem in english literature, and one that takes us to the core of Wordsworth’s poetic beliefs. It’s nature that gives him “strength and knowledge full of peace.”Wordswoth thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest. The joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes. “The Solitary Reaper” and “To a Highland Girl” use rural figures to suggest the timeless mystery of sorrowful humanity and its radiant beauty. In its daring use of subject matter and sense of the authenticity of the experience of the poorest, “Resolution and Independence ” is the triumphant conclusion of ideas first developed in the Lyrical Ballads.Wordsworth is a poet in memory of the past. To him, life is a cyclical journey. Its beginning finally turns out to be its end. His philosophy of life is presented in his masterpiece The Prelude.Wordsworth deliberate simplicity and refusal to decorate the truth of experience produced a kind of pure and profoud poetry which no othr poet has ever equaled. He maintained that the scenes and events of everyday life and the speech of ordinary people were the raw material of which poetry could and should be made.Main Works:Descriptive Sketches, and Evening WalkLyrical Ballads.The PreludePoems in Two VolumesOde: Intimations of ImmortalityResolution and Independence.The ExcursionPoets: The Sparrow’s Nest, To a Skylark, To the Cuckoo, To a Butterfly, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud( is perhaps the most anthologized poem in English literature.), An Evening Walk, My Heart Leaps up, Tintern AbbeyThe ThornThe sailor’s motherMichael,The Affliction of MargaretThe Old Cumberland BeggarLucy PoemsThe Idiot BoyMan, the heart of man, and human life.The Solitary ReaperTo a Highland GirlThe Ruined CottageThe PreludeLanguage character: he can penetrate to the heart of things and give the reader the very life of nature. And he thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest. The joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes. His sympathy always goes to the suffering poor.He is the leading figure of the English romantic poetry, the focal poetic voice of the period. His is a voice of searchingly comprehensive humanity and one that inspires his audience to see the world freshly, sympathetically and naturally. The most important contribution he has made is that he has not only started the modern poetry, the poetry of the growing inner self, but also changed the course of English poetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a return to natureC. Percy Bysshe Shelley(1792-1822)he grew up with violent revolutionary ideas, so he held a lifelong aversion to crulty, injusticce, authority, institutional religion and the formal shams of respectable society, condemming war, tyranny and exploitation. He realized that the evil was also in man’s mind. Even after a revolution, that is after the restoration of human morality and creativity, the evil deep in man’s heart might again be loosed. So he predicated that only through gradual and suitable reforms of the existing institutions couls benevolence be universally established and none of the evils would survive in this “genuin society,”where people could live together happily, freely and peacefully.Shelley expressed his love of freedom and his hatredtoward tyranny in several of his lyrics. One of the greatest political lyrics is “Men of England.” It is not only a war cry calling upon all working people to risse up against their political oppressors, but an address to them pointing out the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation. The poem was later to become a rallying song of the British Comuunist Party.Best of all the well-known lyric pieces is Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind” here Shelley’s rhapsodic and declamatory tendencies find a subject perfectly suited to them. The autumn wind, burying the dead year, preparing for a new spring, becoms an image of Shelley himself, as he would want to be, in its freedom, its destructive-constructive potential, its universality. The whole poem had a logic of feeling,a not easily analyzable progression that leads to the triumphant, hopeful and convincing conclusion: if winter comes, can spring be far behind?Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four-act poetic drama, Prometheus Unbound. The play is an exultant work in praise of humankind’s potential, and Shelley himself recognized it as “the most perfect of my products.”Main works:The Necessity of Atheism, Queen Mab: a Philosophical Poem, Alastor, or The Spirit of SolitudePoem: Hymn to Intellectual Beauty, Mont BlancJulian and Maddalo, The Revolt of Islam, the Cenci, Prometheus Unbound, Adonais, Hellas,Prose: Defence of PoetryLyrics:genuine society,“Ode to Liberty”,“Old to Naples”“Sonnet: England in 1819”, The Cloud, To a Shylark, Ode to the West WindPolitical lyrics: Men of EnglandElegy: Adonais is a elegy for John Keats’s early deathTerza rimaPersonal Characters: he grew up with violent revolutionary ideas under the influence of the free thinkers like Hume and Godwin, so he held a life long aversion to cruelty, injustice, authority, institutional religion andthe formal shams of respectable society, condemning war, tyranny and exploitation. He expressed his love for freedom and his hatred toward tyranny in several of his lyrics such as “Ode to Liberty”,“Old to Naples”“Sonnet: England in 1819”Shelley is one of the leading Romantic poets, and intense and original lyrical poet in the English language. Like Blake, he has a reputation as a difficult poet: erudite, imagistically complex, full of classical and mythological allusions. His style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speech which describe vividly what we see and feel. Or express what passionately moves us.D: Jane Austen(1755-1817): born in a country clergyman’s family:Main Works:Novel: Sense and SensibilityPride and Prejudice(the most popular)Northanger AbbeyMansfield ParkEmmaPersuasionThe WatsonsFragment of a NovelPlan of a NovelPersonal Characters: she holds the ideals of the landlord class in politics, religion and moral principles; and her works show clearly her firm belief in the predominance of reason over passion, the sense of responsibility, good manners and clear—sighted judgment over the Romantic tendencies of emotion and individuality.Her Works’ Characters: his works’s concern is about human beings in their personal relationships. Because of this, her novels have a universal significance. It is her c onviction that a man’s relationship to his wife and children is at least as important a part of his life as his concerns about his belief and career. Her thought is that if one wants to know about a man’s talents, one should see him at work, but if one wan ts to know about his nature and temper, one should see him at home. Austen shows a human being not at moments of crisis, but in the most trivial incidents of everyday life. She write within a very narrow sphere. The subject matter, the character range, the social setting, and plots are all restricted to the provincial life of the late 18th century England. Concerning three or four landed gentry families with their daily routine life.Her novels’ structure is exquisitely deft, the characterization in the hig hest degree memorable, while the irony has a radiant shrewdness unmatched elsewhere. Her works’ at one delightful and profound, are among the supreme achievements of English literature. With trenchant observation and in meticulous details, she presents the quiet, day-to-day country life of the upper-middle-class English.G: Questions and answers:1. what are the characteristics of the Romantic literature? Please discuss the above question in relation to one or two examples.a. in poetry writing, the romanticists employed new theories and innovated new techniques, for example, the preface to the second edition of the Lyrical Ballads acts as a manifesto for the new school.b. the romanticists not only extol the faculty of imagination, but also elevate the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration.c. they regarded nature as the major source of poetic imagery and the dominant subject.d. romantics also tend to be nationalistic.2.Make a contrast between the two generations of Romantic poets during the Romantic AgeThe poetic ideals announced by Wordsworth and Coleridge provided a major inspiration for the brilliant young writers who made up the second generation of English Romantic poets. Wordsworth and Coleridge both became more conservative politically after the democratic idealism. The second generation of Romantic poets are revolutionary in thinking. They set themselves against the bourgeois society and the ruling class.3.what are Austen’s writing features?Jane Austen is one of the realistic novelists. Aust en’s work has a very narrow literary field. Her novels showa wealth of humor, wit and delicate satire.4. what is the historical and cultural background of English Romanticism?a. Historically, it was provoked by the French Revolution and the English Industrial Revolution.b. Culturally, the publication of French philosopher Rousseau’s two books provided necessary guiding principles for the French Revolution which aroused great sympathy and enthusiasm in England;c. England experienced profound economic and social changes: the enclosure movement and the agricultural mechanization; the capitalist class grasped the political power and came to dominate the English society.H. topic discussion:1. Discuss the artistic features of Shelley’s poems.A. Percy Bysshe Shelly is an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language.B. His poems are full of classical and mythological allusions.C. His style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speechD. He describes vividly what we see and feel, or expresses what passionately moves us.2. What does Wordsworth mean when he said “All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings recollected in tranquility”?This sentence is considered as the principle of Wordsworth’s poetry c reation which was set forth in the preface to the Lyrical Ballads. Wordsworth appealed directly on individual sensations, as the foundation in the creation and appreciation of poetry.3. How do you describe the writing style of Jane Austen? What is the significance of her works?Jane Austen is a writer of the 18th century through she lived mainly in the 19th century. She holds the ideals of the landlord class in politics, religion, and moral principles. Austen’s main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships. Austen defined her stories within a very narrow sphere.。
自考英美文学读书笔记
⾃考英美⽂学读书笔记Reading Comprehesion (British and American Literature)Edit By CKMid of 2009Catalog第⼀章英国⽂学 (4)1.1上古世纪及中世纪英国⽂学简介 (4)1.2T HE R ENAISSANCE P ERIOD(⽂艺复兴时期) (5)1.2.1Edmund['edm?nd] Spenser(埃德蒙.斯宾赛) (6)1.2.2Christopher Marlowe(克⾥斯托夫.马洛) (8)1.2.3William Shakespeare(威廉.莎⼠⽐亚) (9)1.2.4Francis Bacon(弗兰西斯.培根) (10)1.2.5John Donne(约翰.邓恩) (12)1.2.6John Milton(约翰.弥尔顿) (13)1.3T HE N EOCLASSICAL P ERIOD(新古典主义时期) (13) 1.3.1John Bunyan(约翰.班扬) (14)1.3.2Alexander[??liɡ'zɑ:nd?] Pope(亚历⼭⼤.蒲柏) (15)1.3.3Daniel['d?nj?l] Defoe[di'f?u] (丹尼尔.笛福) (16)1.3.4Jonathan['d??n?θ?n] Swift(乔纳森.斯威夫特) (17)1.3.5 Henry Fielding(亨利.费尔丁) (17)1.3.6 Samuel['s?mju?l] Johnson(塞缪尔.约翰逊) (18)1.3.7Richard Brinsley Sheridan(理查.⽐.谢⽴丹) (18)1.3.8 Thomas Gray(托马斯.格雷) (19)1.4T HE R OMANTIC P ERIOD(浪漫主义时期) (20)1.4.1William Blake (威兼.布莱克) (20)1.4.2 William Wordsworth(威廉.华兹华斯) (21)1.4.3 Samuel Taylor Coleridge(塞.泰.科勒律治) (22)1.4.4 George Gordon Byron(乔治.⼽登.拜伦) (23)1.4.5Percy Bysshe Shelley (波.⽐.雪莱) (24)1.4.6 John Keats(约翰.济慈) (24)1.4.7 Jane Austen['?:stin] (简.奥斯汀) (25)1.5T HE V ICTORIAN[VIK'T?:RI?N]P ERIOD维多利亚时期 (26) 1.5.1 Charles Dickens(查尔斯.狄更斯) (27)1.5.2 The Bronte Sisters(布朗蒂姐妹) (27)1.5.3 Alfred Tennyson['?lfrid] ['tenisn] (阿尔弗雷德.丁尼⽣) (28)1.5.4 Robert Browning（罗伯特.布朗宁） (29)1.5.5 George Eliot['elj?t] (乔治.艾略特) (29)1.5.6 Thomas Hardy(托马斯.哈代) (30)1.6T HE M ODERN P ERIOD(现代主义) (31)1.6.1 George Bernard Shaw(乔治.萧伯纳) (33)1.6.2 John Galsworthy['ɡ?:lzw?:ei] (约翰.⾼尔斯华绥) (34)1.6.3 William Butler Yeats[jeits]（威廉.巴特勒.叶芝） (34)1.6.4 T.S. Eliot['elj?t]（T.S.埃略特） (35)1.6.5 D.H. Lawrence['l?r?ns] (戴维.伯特.劳伦斯) (36)1.6.6 James Joyce[d?eimz] [d??is]（詹姆斯.乔伊斯） (37)第⼆章美国⽂学 (40)2.1T HE R OMANTIC P ERIOD(浪漫主义时期) (40)2.1.1Washington Irving['?:vi?](华盛顿.欧⽂) (40)2.1.2Ralph Waldo Emerson[r?lf] ['w?:ld?u]['em?sn] (拉尔夫.华尔多.爱默⽣) (41) 2.1.3Nathaniel Hawthorne[n?'θ?nj?l] (纳撒尼尔.霍桑) (42)2.1.4 Walt Whitman[w?:lt] ['witm?n](华尔特.惠特曼) (43)2.1.5 Herman Melville(赫尔曼.麦尔维尔) (44)2.2T HE R EALISTIC P ERIOD(现实主义时期) (45)2.2.1 Mark Twain(马克.吐温) (46)2.2.2 Henry James(亨利.詹姆斯) (47)2.2.3 Emily Dickinson(艾⽶莉.狄⾦森) (48)2.2.4 Theodore Dreiser(西奥多.德莱塞) (49)2.3T HE M ODERN P ERIOD(现代时期) (50)2.3.1 Ezra Pound(埃兹拉.庞德) (50)2.3.2 Robert Lee Frost(罗伯特.弗洛斯特) (51)2.3.3 Eugene O’Neill(尤⾦.奥尼尔) (52)2.3.4 F.Scott Fitzgerald(司各特.菲兹杰拉德) (52)2.3.5 Ernest Hemingway(欧内斯特.海明威) (53)2.3.6 William Faulkner(威廉.福克纳) (54)第⼀章英国⽂学1.1上古世纪及中世纪英国⽂学简介古英⽂学范围：450-1066，罗马征服英国古英诗分为两类：宗教类和世俗类Beowul(贝奥武夫)，古英国民族史诗例⼦赞扬骑⼠或其它英雄的浪漫史：中世纪乔叟的坎特伯雷集：第⼀次描写中世纪英国社会现实乔叟介绍来⾃法国的押韵诗节，来代替英国的头韵诗节乔叟：英国诗歌之⽗乔叟把⾓⾊提到⼀个⽴体的⾼度，有个⼈独特的⽓质中世纪的英国⽂学是⼀个空洞的(barren)时期1、The period of old English literature extends from about 450 to 1066, the yearof the Norman Conquest of England.2、Generally speaking, the Old English poetry that has survived can be dividedinto two groups: the religious group and the secular['sekjul?]世俗的 one. 3、Beowulf[?bew?lf] 贝奥武夫（⼀个英雄名）, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national epic史诗 of the Anglo-saxons.['??ɡl?u's?ks?n][pl. ]盎格鲁撒克逊族(古英国⼈的⼀个种族)盎格鲁撒克逊语(⼜名古代英语Old English)4、Romance浪漫史 which uses narrative['n?r?tiv]叙述的 verse诗句 or prose散⽂to sing knightly骑⼠的 adventures or other heroic[hi'r?uik]deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval[?medi'i:v?l] period.5、The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, acomprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and createda whole gallery⾛廊 of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likelyGeoffery Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales.['d?efr?] 乔叟的坎特伯雷故事集6、C haucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas [raim]押韵诗节 of varioustypes to English poetry to replace the old English alliterative verse ?`l?t?r?t?v]adj.头韵的, 头韵体的7、C haucer was called the father of English poetry.7501.2The Renaissance Period(⽂艺复兴时期)⽂艺复兴时期：中世纪⾃现代的中间转折期（14世纪到17世纪中叶）⽂艺复兴时期，古罗马和希腊⽂学的重新发现⽂艺复兴时期的本质：⼈道主义⽂艺复兴的重⼤改⾰：圣经的传播⽂艺复兴的宗教改⾰：阶段⽃争英国⽂学家认为Petrarch彼德拉克是⽂学的根源⽂艺复兴早期，诗歌和戏剧是最突出的形式，代表⼈物Ben Johnson, William Shakespeare.伊丽莎⽩戏剧是⽂艺复兴的主流⽂艺复兴影响英国⽐较慢，不仅因为英国远离欧洲⼤陆，还因为英国的内乱⽂艺复兴的本质是⼈⽂主义者摒弃封建主义，推动新思想的⼀场运动⽂艺复兴是英国的⽂学黄⾦时期1、The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to modern world.Generally, it refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries.2、The Renaissance, which means rebirth or revial, is actually a movementstimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture, the new discoveries in geography and astrology占星术, the religious reformation and the economic expansion.3、Humanism is the essence['esns]本质 of Renaissance.⼈道主义是⽂艺复兴时期的本质4、One of the major results of Reformation was the fact that the Bible in Englishwas placed in every church and services were held in English so that people could understand.5、T he religious reformation was actually a reflection of the class strugglewaged by the new rising bourgeoisie[?bu??wɑ:'zi:]资产阶级 against the feudal 封建的 class and its ideology[?aidi'?l?d?i]观念学6、Petrarch['petr:k] was regarded as the fountainhead根源 of literature byEnglish writers.英国作家认为彼特拉克是⽂学的根源7、In early stage of the Renaissance, poetry and poetic[p?u'etik]drama were themost outstanding literary forms and they were carried on especially by Shakespeare and Ben Jonson.本-琼森13008、Eliabethan[i?liz?'bi:θ?n] drama is the mainstream of the English Renaissance.伊丽莎⽩时代的戏剧是英国⽂艺复兴的主流。
(完整版)英美文学史复习笔记
英美文学复习时期划分-—Early ＆ Medieval literature 包括The Anglo-Saxon Period 和The Anglo-Norman Period--Renaissance 文艺复兴—-Revolution ＆ Restoration 资产阶级革命与王权复辟——Enlightenment 启蒙运动-—Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期——Critical Realism 批判现实主义——20th Modernism 现代主义传统诗歌主题：nature, life， death， belief, time， youth, beauty， love, feelings of differen t kinds, reason（wisdom), moral lesson， morality。
修辞名称：meter格律, rhyme韵， sound assonance谐音, consonance和音, alliteration头韵， form of poetry诗歌形式, allusion典故, foot音步， iamb抑扬格, trochee扬抑格， anapest抑抑扬格, da ctyl扬抑抑格, pentameter五音步文学体裁：诗歌poem，小说novel，戏剧novel起源：Christianity基督教Bible圣经myth神话The Roma nce of king Arthur and his knights亚瑟王和他的骑士（笔记）一、 1、The Anglo—Saxon period(496—1066）这个时期的文学作品分类：（pagan异教徒）(Christ ian基督徒）2、代表作：The song of Beowulf《贝奥武甫》（national epic）（民族史诗)采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration押头韵（写作手法）例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved.To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、 The Anglo-Norman period（1066—1350)Canto 诗章受到法国影响 English literature is also a combination of French and Saxon element s。
自考《英美文学选读》笔记2（简单版）
William Wordsworth （1770-1850） 1770 He was born in the family of an attorney. He was educated at St. John's College， Cambridge. 1790-92He traveled to France and sensed the filthiness of the French Revolution （Slogan "liberty， fraternity， and equality"）。
He saw that Jacobite took the power from Gironde， who was radical. Lewis XIIII was killed. He became conservative in politics. 1795 A gentleman friend gave him some money that enabled him to live in Great Lake with his sister Dorothy who never got married and live with William Wordsworth of all her life. 1798 The beginning of the Romantic period. He lived by the riverside with his sister writing poems for 8 years. 1813 Wordsworth received a sinecure as a distributor. 1843 He succeeded Southey as Poet Laureate. William Wordsworth is the best-known and oldest poet among the Lake Poet. 3 groups of his poetry 1. Simple， rural folk： wrote when he lived in Great Lake district. e.g. "Lucy Poem"： full of innocence and simpleness. 2. Childhood： beautiful and instructive. e.g. "We are seven"， a short poem in the form of a dialogue between the poet and a 8-year-old girl. The poem reveals Wordsworth's philosophy of pre-existence of soul. The girl is too innocent to recognize death. "Ode： Intimations and Immortality"， explains his philosophy of pr-existence， explains the from childhood to manhood. 3. Nature - the most important part About animals， plants， emotions. e.g. "To a butterfly"， "To a skylark"， "My heart leaps up"， expresses the joy of seeing rainbow. The major works of William Wordsworth. Tintern Abby， it combines his feelings as worship of nature， with his impression gathered during his second visit. In this poem， Wordsworth reveals his innermost thoughts and emotions with regard to the natural world. The Prelude，（1805） contains 14 books. His autobiographical poem. The first 8 books tell about his early life. The last 6 books tell about his growing maturity. Importance of the poem： it's a heart-pouring expression of Wordsworth's own spiritual development. The Preface，（1800） added to the Lyrical Ballads （1798）。
湖北自考《英美文学选读》重点总结
上古及中世纪英国文学Old and Medieval English literature上古：450 to 1066 中世纪;1066-14世纪中叶CeltsOld English poetry: the religious group and the secular oneBeowulf: national epic poem Chaucer introduced from F rance the rhymed s tanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English alliterative verse.<The Canterbur y Tales >The father of English poetry English Homer In the medieval period ：use narrative verse of prose to tell stori es of knightly adventures or other heroic deeds.第一章文艺复兴时期the RenaissancePeriod 14th andmid-17th centuries Humanism is the essence of theRenaissance. Golden AgeIt started in ItalyHenry VIII Defender of the FaithBible in English ancient Romanand Greekculture classstruggle Petrarchpoetry and poetic dramaElizabethan dra madramatists: Christopher Marlowe ,Willia m Shakespeare andBen Jonson3威廉莎士比亚William Shak espeare 1564-1616Playwrights , dramatist, poets 1591-1611was i n t he prime of his dramati c career.38plays 戏剧154sonnets 十四行诗 2 long poems叙事诗Stratford-on-A von“University w i ts”“an upstart crow”Sonnet18 : meditation eter nal beauty origin:Italy<Hamlet>“to be,or not t o be-that is the question”<the merchant of V eni ce> against Christians /Jews.Tw o narrative poems <venus and Adonis> <the rape of lucrece> Tragedies: <hamlet> <Othello> <k ing lear> <Macbeth><re meo and Juliet> <Julius casear>Six comedies:<a midsummer night‟s dream> <the merchant of Venice> <much ado about nothing> <sa you like it> <twelfth night> <the merry wives of Windsor><all‟s well that ends well> <measure for measure e>Romantic tragicomedi es: <[eroc;es> <Cymbeline> <The Winter‟s T ale> <the T e mpest>Romantic tragedy <Romeo and Juliet> tragedy but optimistic 乐观spirit.1 a play in t he play2 borrow plots from other stories such sa Roman,Greekand ancient myth.3 several threads running through the play4 combination of tragic and comic elements.Writing style:1 trimendous vocabulary(16,000words,invent words) 2literary devices(allit erat eion头韵，simile明喻，metaphor暗喻)3 use poetry in his playThe theme of the sonnet:1 express love and praise to a young man2 immortali ze beauty through verses3friendship or betrayal of friendship6约翰弥尔顿John Milton 1608-1674A Catholic family天主教Latin blind .<P Lost>失乐园masterpiece.a story taken from “the old Testament” ,a long epic divided into 12 book s ,taken from the Bible.the theme is “fall of man”The main idea:to beg for me rcy and worship his power were more shamefull and disgrace full than this downfall.<Samson Agonists>the most powerfull dramatic poem on the Gree k model.Three group: A the early poeticworks B the middle prosepamphletsC the last great poemsThe fre edom of the will is thek e ystone of Milton‟s creed.<Paradise Regained>第二章新古典主义时期the NeoclassicalPeriod1660-1798(18t hcentury)人社会动物industrial revolution工业革命the RestorationGothic Novel:1 content: magic, supernaturallelements, ghost s, monsters.2setting: old castle, graveyard, dardforest3atomsphere:horribleThe enlightenmen t movement（theage of reason ）：启蒙运动It was a progressive in telle ctuall进步知道份子movement which flourishedin F ranc e a nd swept the w holewestern Europe at the time. Itsenlighten the wholeworld with the light of modernphilosophical and artistic ideas.哲学和艺术思想The enlightenerscelebrated reason or rationality,equality and scienc e,理性平等科学and they also advocated universaleducation.全民普及教育1约翰班杨John Bunyan 1628-168818年坐牢，Christianity基督教<the pilgrim’s progress>”the vani tyfair”is the most successfulreligious allegory 宗教寓言i n theEnglish langua ge.Me taphor暗喻-life as a journeysearch for spiritual salvationStyle: Moded after the Bible,language:e asy to read,colloquial,concrete and concise form:allegorian form,reallystic,true to life.3丹尼尔笛福Daniel defoe1660-1731butcher‟s fa mily 卖肉家庭Englishmiddle –class<Robinson Crusoe>masterpiece,Robinson is the empire builder,thepioneer colonist.The theme:A man‟s strugglees against natureB glorifyication of the bourgeois menwho has the courage and will to facehardship and determineation toimprove his livelihood.C glorifyication of labor(Robinsonlives on hi s own hands)笛福的创作特点：Defoe w as a ver ygood story-telle r.he had a gift fororganizing minute details in such avivid w a y that his stories could beboth credible可信and fascinating神奇.his sentences ar e sometimesshort,crisp 短小干脆and pl ain,andsometimes long and rambling,w hichleave on the reader an impression ofcasual narration.his language issmooth,easy,colloquial口语andmostly vernacula r方言.there isnothing artificeial in his language: itis common English at its best.4乔纳森斯威夫特Jonathan Sw ift1667-1745<a tale of a tub><the battle of the books><Gulli ver’s travels>th e greatestsatiric w or k<a modest proposal>a greatest andbitter est satire.Lilliput yahoos bitter satire5亨利菲尔丁Henry F ield ing1707-1754Born of an old aristocratic family.老贵族家庭“father of the Englishnovel”“the third-person nar ration”第三人称叙述<the histor y of TomJones ,afoundling> “prose homer”散文荷马”comic epic in prose”散文体喜剧史诗:1 the descryiption in a grand style ofclassic epic.”classic epic”has:A a great hero Bcalls on Muses Cgive a list of na mes of gods Dcompare s mall fights to great wars.2 use verifyied language t o narrate asmall fight3 different figure of speech .esp,irony讽刺,hyperbole夸张<the histor y of Amelia>费尔丁的语言特色：Fielding‟slanguage is easy, unlaboured andfamil iar,自然流畅通俗易懂butextremely vivid and vigorous. Hissentences are always distinguished bylogic逻辑性and rhythm,韵律性andhis structure carefully planed towardsan inevitable ending. His works arealso noted for lively,dramatic dialogues戏剧性对话and other theat ricaldevices such as suspendse,悬念coincidence巧合and unexpectedness.出人意料第三章浪漫主义时期theRomantic Periodis an age ofpoetry.1798-1832人的孤单状态P assi ve , old and conservative :“lak e poets”William Wordsw or th Rober t South eySamuel Taylor ColeridgeActi ve , young and revolutionar y:Byron Shelly Keats1威廉布莱克William Blak e1757-1827候看见过天使，他父亲死后他弟弟也死了，神秘主义。
英美文学选读_详细笔记
1 Part 1: English Literature An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature 1、the early inhabitants：Celts. 2、三次外族的入侵及其影响：①the Romans 对英国没什么影响。
——远古时期②Anglo-Saxsons brought the Germanic language（现代英语的基础）and culture （特别的诗歌传统）。
——上古时期③The Normans brought the fresh wave of Mediterranean civilization （希腊文化、罗马法律和基督教）。
——中古时期Ⅰ. Old English Literature（Anglo Saxson 文明时期奴隶社会）1、英国文学史上的上古时期始于公元450 年，止于1066 年，即诺曼底征服英国的那一年。
2、这一时期是Anglo-Saxson 文明兴盛的时期。
3、The poetic tradition was both bold and strong（粗犷豪勇）, mournful and elegiac(悲情哀婉) in spirit. 有两大类：①The religious group：mainly on biblical(圣经的) themes.如：a)《创世纪甲本》（Genesis A）、《创世纪乙本》、《出埃及记》(Exodus)来自the Old Testament。
b) the Dream of the Rood （十字架）来自the New Testment。
②The secular（世俗的）group：Beowulf 和众多短篇抒情诗。
lyrical poems 唤起了撒克逊人对环境的严酷及人类的不幸命运的感知。
语气和基调深受北海恶劣气候的影响，生活惨淡无望，带有大量宿命论的成分，尽管同时显得勇敢而坚定。
自考英语：英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版[3]
自考英语：英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版[3] 英国】Chapter3 The Romantic Period (1798-1832)浪漫主义1.This urgency was provoked by two important revolutions: the French Revolution of 1789-1794 and the English Industrial Revolution which happened more slowly, but with Astonishing consequences.英国面临着新的发展动力:是1789-1794年的法国资产阶级大革命,是同时期英国内部的工业革命.2.In 1832, the Reform Bill was enacted, which brought the Industrial capitalists into power.1832年“改革法案”在议会通过并实施。
3.The Romantic Movement, whether in England, Germany or France, expressed a more or less negative forward the existing social.浪漫主义运动,无论是在英国,德国还是法国,都表现相互对工业革命时期现存的社会经济制度及城市资产阶级的上升的否定态度。
4. The Romantics demonstrated a strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18th-century writers and philosophers. Where their predecessors saw man as a social animal, the Romantics saw him essentially as an individual in the solitary state.文学家摒弃了18 世纪盛行的文学及哲学基调---理性,古典主义文学家认为人是社会性的动物,浪漫主义文学家认为人应该是独立自由的个体.5. Thus, we can say that Romanticism actually constitutes a changeof direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit.因此,们还可以说浪漫主义其实是将人们的注意力从外部世界—社会文明转移到内部世界---人类自己的精神实质。
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philosophy about life and death
the epitaph to a decade and to the whole generation in the 1920s. Spanish Civil War the bullfight
1.code hero2.iceberg technique
lonely individual Nobel Prize lost innocence symbol of tradition and the old way of life. a fallen monument works are set in the American South, symbolism
①His fictional world is the best embodiment of the spirit of the Jazz Age, in which he shows a particular interest in the upper - class young people. ② Beneath the masks of relaxation and entertainment, however, there was only sterility, meaninglessness and futility, and amid the extravagance there was a spiritual waste land and a hint of decadence and moral decay.
For Whom the Bell Tolls
masterpiece
Nick Carraway,Gatsby
Nick Adams
first true novel 2nd big success
In Death in the Afternoon The Old Man and the Sea To Have and Have Not Intruder in the Dust The Sound and the Fury A Rose for Emily Nobel Prize
时期
作者
Robert Frost regardless of nationality 4 Pulizer Prize Kennedy in 1961
代表作
A Boy’s Will North of Boston New Hampshire A Masque of Reason A Masque of Mercy
Babylon Revisited Gatsby's failure magnifies to a great extent the end of the American Dream. casts light on “The Lost Generation.”
return to Paris in the 1930s
F.Scott Fitzgerald Jazz Age
This Side of Paradise Tender is the Night
first
USA psychiatrist and patient
best short stories
The Modern Period
mirror of the 1920s
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风格
评价
first a book of people first Pulitzer
主题<意义>
内容
写作特色
comic serious dramatic
forth
pastoral landscape
After Apple Picking
①Generally he is considered a ①Unlike his contemporaries in the regional poet whose subject 20th century, Robert Frost did not matters mainly focus on the stopping by Woods on a Snowy break up with the poetic tradition landscape and people in New Evening nor made any experiment on form. England.②He wrote many poems ② Many of his poems are fragrant discuss ethics that investigate the basic themes of with natural quality. Images and man’s life: the individual's man’ s relations to God. metaphors in his poems are drawn relationships to himself, to his from the simple country life and the fellow-man, to world, and to his The poem is a vivid memory of the pastoral landscape that can be easily God.③But first and foremost speaker’ s experience on the form;the understood.③Profound ideas;④ Frost is concerned with his love of end of the labor leaves the speaker life and his belief in a serenity that achieved an grace in his style. ⑤ He with a sense of completion and only came from working usefully, fulfillment yet finds him blocked from wrote in both the metrical forms and while he practiced himself the free verse. success by winter’ s approaching and throughout his life. physical weariness.