章振邦《新编英语语法》Lecture8&9课件

8.2 Pronoun concord in gender
Gender is a grammatical category. Unlike some European language such as German, French and Russian that have a complicated gender system, the English language is not marked with any gender distinctions except for some pronouns. These gender distinctions are largely restricted to the third person singular of personal, possessive, and reflexive pronouns and corresponding determiners. English nouns have four genders: the masculine, feminine, neuter, and common gender.
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6. The committee will insist on (its, their) rights. 7. The committee wishes to reconsider (its, their) decision. 8. If anybody calls, tell (him, them) I’m out. 9. Everyone thinks (he is, they are) the center of the universe. 10. We have received your estimate for the alterations you propose but have decided that (it, they) would be too high.
Ex. 8A Select an appropriate item from the two given in brackets (both may be acceptable):
1. 2. 3. 4. The cast is giving (its, their) best performance tonight. Somebody left (his, their) raincoat on this rack; (he, they) will have to come to get it. Most mystery stories don’t end the way you expect (it, them) to. Hawaii is also known for the many beautiful islands (it has, they have). Because the United States uses more oil than (it, they) can produce, (it has to, they have to) import great quantities from other countries.
16. Neither of the women (has, have) brought (her, their) certificate. 17. Neither the members of the cabinet nor the President will reveal (his, their) plans. 18. Either John or James, who are twins, (has, have) left (his, their) sweater. 19. No manager should do for his staff what (he, they) could do for (himself, themselves). 20. Dictatorship is the one of many evils which (tends, tend) to perpetuate (itself, themselves).
11. Something strange happened, didn’t (it, they)? 12. Every passenger has to carry (his, their) own luggage. 13. Everything is ready, (isn’t it, aren’t they)? 14. Wells is one of the editors who always (takes, take) a leading role in (his, their) community. 15. One the Boy Scout hike everybody was told by the scoutmaster to bring (his, their) own drinking water.
Lecture 8&9
Pronouns
Pronouns are closed-class words with nominal function. English has a developed pronoun system, comprising personal pronouns(人称代词), possessive pronouns(物主代词 ), reflexive pronouns(反身代词 ), reciprocal pronouns( 相 互 代 词 ), demonstrative pronouns(指示代词), interrogative pronouns(疑问代 词 ), relative pronouns( 关 系 代 词 ), and indefinite pronouns( 不定代词 ). The present lecture will deal with the concord of pronouns (and corresponding determiners) with their antecedents in number, gender and person.