虚拟语气2

5. as if, as though 引导的从句中，如表示假设，则需用虚拟语气； 如表示情况可能是事实，则可用陈述语气： You look as if you are ill.(可能病了) / you were ill.(不很肯定) He works with such enthusiasm as if he never knew fatigue. I remember the event as though it had happened yesterday.
2.It’s high / about time (that) 句型，that 从句中用“were 型” 虚 拟语气，表示“早就应做某事了”： It is time (that) we sent the children to school. It’s high time you made a decision. It’s about time you lived independently. 3. “If only” 引导的感叹句中用虚拟语气，表示“但愿，要是……就好了” If only I could fly! If only I hadn’t told him the secret! rather as soon that 从句中，要用虚拟语气，表示“宁愿”！ sooner
虚拟语气 （Subjunctive Mood）
语气的含义和种类 1.Indicative mood 直陈语气(事实) 2.Imperative mood 祈使语气(请求、命令) 3.Subjunctive mood 虚拟语气(主观的愿望、 假想和建议)
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的谓语形式
条件句的谓语形式 与现在事实相反 Were或过去时 主句的谓语形式 Would (should, could, might) + 动词原形 Would (should, could, might) + have + 过去分词 Would (should, could, might) + 动词原形
表示虚拟条件的其他形式
1. 含有介词without(或 with no), but for, in the absence of 等引导的 短语以及but that+从句的句子中， 谓语动词也要用虚拟语气， 因为 它们相当于条件句，表示“要不是”，“如果没有”之意： Without (but for, in the absence of) air and water, nothing could live. But that I saw it, we could not believe it. The car couldn’t have been turned over but for your carelessness.
2. Otherwise 或 or 引导的并列分句中，也要用虚拟语气。这两个并列 句，相当于含有“if条件句”的主从复合句： I had a meeting; otherwise I would have come over to help you. = If I hadn’t had a meeting, I would have come over to help you. I didn’t know her telephone number; or I would have called her. =If I had known her telephone number, I would have called her.
与过去事实相反
过去完成时
与将来事实相反
Were to + 动词原形 Should + 动词原形
Examples:
1.If I were you, I would refuse the money. 2.Even if he had the money, he wouldn’t buy it. 3.If you had followed my advice, you might have succeeded. 4.If I had known, I might have attended the meeting. 5.If he were to come, what should we say to him? 6.If he should see me, he would know me. 7.If you dropped the glass, it would break.
2. 在对话源自文库有上下文的情况下， 可以省略整个条件主句或 者省略整个if条件句：
If only he were here. （省略主句）he would give me many valuable suggestions. How glad he should be! （省略if 条件句）if he could win the first prize.
混合虚拟条件句（条件句和主句所表示的时间不一致）
If you had accepted her invitation, you would be happy now. The task would be fulfilled soon if you had made the necessary preparations yesterday. 必须使用were型或had done 型的句型 即用过去时表示与现在或将来相反的事实，用过去完成时表示与过去相 反的事实： 1. Wish 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气 I wish it were spring all the year round in my home town. I wish that I hadn’t told him the truth. I wish I would stay a little longer. Wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，而hope后的宾语从句只用陈 述语气，但wish和hope后都可接不定式做宾语，意义无区别： I wish we could meet soon. / I hope we can meet soon. I wish (hope) to meet you soon.
5. 在 “I’m sorry that + 从句”这类表示感情的结构中， that从句也可 用“(should + ) 动词原形 ” 型虚拟语气或”should + have + 过去分词” 形式，与sorry类似的形容词还有afraid, surprised, ashamed, amazed, anxious 等 I’m surprised that he should be forced to leave. I’m ashamed that you should have done such a thing. 6. lest, in case, for fear that 等引导的状语从句中，一般要用 “(should + ) 动词原形 ” 型虚拟语气，表示 “以防……”, “唯恐……” (should “ ……”, “ ……” I hesitated to say anything for fear that I (should) offend him. She took a raincoat in case it should rain. She put all her jewels in the safe lest they be stolen. 7. “be 型（动词原形型）”虚拟语气 在一些表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等以及一些惯用语句中，动词用原形 表达虚拟语气： Long live the Communist party of China! God bless you! Heaven forbid!
4.Would (had)
I would rather you typed the papers right now. She had rather she hadn’t met him at all. I had just as soon you didn’t tell her the news. I’d sooner you went to see her now. 注意该句型中would rather前后的主语是不同的， 如果是同一个主语， 则需用would rather do 的结构： I would rather stay here.
“If条件句” 中的倒装与省略
1. 如果非真实条件句中的谓语动词有should, had 或 were 时，可以省略if， 但必须采用倒装结构，把should, had 或were 放到主语前面去：
Had they (If they had) time, they would come to see you. Had there been (If there had been) no computers, there would have been no artificial satellites. Were he (If he were) to come tomorrow, I would show him around.
必须使用“(should + ) 动词原形 ” 型虚拟语气的情况
英语中有一些词表示请求、愿望、建议、命令、安排、打算等意义，在 与这些词有关的从句中，要用“(should + ) 动词原形 ” 型虚拟语气： 1. 下列动词所带的宾语从句中，要用这种虚拟语气 command, ask, order, forbid, enjoin(命令), suggest, propose recommend, move(提议), demand, require, urge, insist, desire, intend, wish等 The doctor suggested that he not smoke any more. The president move that the question (should) be discussed at once. What I advised is that you live in the country.
2.上述动词如果用于“It is + v-ed + that 从句” 结构中，that 从句中的 谓语也要用“(should + ) 动词原形 ” 型虚拟语气 It’s proposed that the meeting be postponed. It’s desired that this rule should be brought to the attention of the staffs. 3. 上述动词可以派生或转换成名词，这些名词以及no wonder, a pity, a shame 等名词后的表语从句、主语从句或同位语从句中的谓语同样要用 “(should + ) 动词原形 ” 型虚拟语气 My proposal is that we (should) send more workers there. It’s a pity that you (should) make such a mistake. He put forward a suggestion that such devices (should) be designed immediately. 4. 在 “It’s important that 从句” 这一结构中，that 从句也要用 “(should + ) 动词原形 ” 型虚拟语气，与important 类似的形容词还有: Necessary, essential, urgent, vital, unusual, desirable, imperative(必 要的)， odd, strange, natural, advisable, preferable等. It’s vital that the children be given good education. Is it imperative that they should hold so many cars?