词类转译法
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political change. 我们的时代是深刻政治变化的见证。
词类转译法（转译为名词）
Observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made.
…对你所取得的成就给予了很好的评价。
The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries.
词类转译法
英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译， 有些句子则由于英汉两种语言表达方式 不同，原文中有些词在译文中需要转换 词类，才能使译文通顺。所以说，词类 转换是翻译时最为常用的一种变通手段， 是突破原文的词、句布局，化阻滞通行 文的重要方法。许多生硬、别扭、拖沓 的欧化中文往往都是没有进行词类转换 的结果。
…认为，要成功禁止鸦片买卖，必须得先 把鸦片销毁。
Deng Xiaoping at the 11th Party Congress said,there must be less empty talk and more hard work.
邓小平在“十一大”上说，必须要少说空 话，多做工作。
词类转译法（转译为动词）
fresh air in. 她把窗子打开让新鲜空气进来。
词类转译法（转译为动词）
He took off his coat and boots at once.
马上脱下… That day he was up before sunrise. 那天他在日出以前就起来了。 The librarian told me that the book
老年人生活艺术（懂得如何在最恰当的时候 作最恰当的事，这不正是一种艺术吗？）
词类转译法
美国总统林肯在葛底斯堡著名的演 说词结尾有句话是“… and that government of the people, by the people, for the people”。试译
民有、民治、民享的政府
词类转译法（转译为动词）
Parents are always our perfect and minute lovers.
父母一直都会无微不至地爱着我们。
Lin Zexu was the most successful opium banners.
林则徐禁烟最为成功。
Being a successful organizer of this football match, he still appears modest.
翻译理论与实践
词类转译法 Conversion 1、转译为动词 2、转译为名词 3、转译为形容词
词类转译法
《新概念英语》第四册中，有一篇短文劝戒 老人不要怕死，生活应当达观开朗。短文 的题目十分别致，即“How to Grow Old”。把它译成中文却是个难题。请大家 试译。
如何变老
老年人须知
怎样安度晚年
词类转译法（转译为动词）
英语中有些加er，or后缀的名词，如 teacher，worker,有时并不指身份和职业， 而是含有较强的动作意味。在汉语中没有 恰当的对应名词时，往往可译作动词。 She is a well-known singer. 她是一位著名的歌唱家。 Some of my classmates are good singers. 唱歌唱得好。
吃简陋的食品，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微弱的 灯光
词类转译法（转译为动词）
In the words of Marx, a foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.
用马克思的话来说…
The girl in red is our typist. 穿红衣服的…
非常感谢约翰…
The student is not content with his progress.
词类转译法（转译为动词）
含动作意义的副词也可译为动词。 As he ran out,he forgot to have
his shoes on. 他跑出去时，忘了穿鞋子。 She opened the window to let
词类转译法（转译为名词）
英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类 人，译成中文时常用名词表达。
The sLeabharlann Baiduck, the wounded, the poor, the rich, the well-off, the badly-off, the old, the infirm, the diseased, the young, the blind, the deaf, the injured……
词类转译法（转译为动词）
Little by little,they went along the Arctic Ocean,making careful observation on the way.
他们慢慢沿着北冰洋岸航行，一路仔细观 察。
Xu Beihong’s paintings of horses are exceptionally good.
The sight of it should send the memories of old people back 30 years.
许多老人见了这个就会想到30年前的往事。
词类转译法（转译为动词）
… believed,a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself.
词类转译法（转译为动词）
Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.
不敢肯定… Saud was a frustrated man at that time. 沙德那时已受挫折。
I was grateful to John for bringing the books.
词类转译法（转译为动词）
如果主语是有动词派生的名词，可考 虑转译为动词
The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.
原顺序：语言的精通不是很容易的，需 要刻苦努力。
改为：语言这东西不是随便可以学好的， 非下苦功不可。
虽然成功举办了…
词类转译法（转译为动词）
有含动作意味的介词短语，如across， past，toward等，可译作动词。
I barreled straight ahead,across the harbor and out over the sea.
…越过港口，飞临海面。
Party officials worked long hours on meager food,in cold caves,by dim lamps
词类转译法（转译为形容词）
形容词派生的名词可以转译成形容词。 I can note the grace of her gesture. 我注意到她优雅的姿势。 You pass from the heat and glare of
a big open square into a cool, dark cavern. 你从一个炎热、阳光刺眼的开放式大广场.. The security and warmth of the ward.. 病房很安全，也很温暖。。
词类转译法（转译为动词）
英语中表知觉，情欲，欲望等心理状态的 形容词，在联系动词后作表语用时，可 译为动词。
常见的这类形容词有：
Confident,certain,careful,cautious, angry,sure,ignorant, afraid, doubtful,aware,concerned,glad,sor ry, delighted,ashamed,anxious,gratefu l…
贸易的剧增给两国带来了益处。
Chairman Mao personified the absolute power.
毛主席是绝对权威的化身。
词类转译法（转译为名词）
The film ”A Night to Remember” impressed me deeply.
…给我留下了很深的印象 Edison patented over one thousand
我们在20年内坐视原料价格下跌与工业品价 格暴涨
词类转译法（转译为动词）
In production the workers made full use of the old equipment. 这些工人在生产上充分利用…
The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labour productivity.
His real mission in life was to contribute to the overthrow of capitalist society.
…为推翻资本主义社会作贡献
For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of raw materials and an excessive increase of the prices of manufactured goods.
separate inventions during his life. 爱迪生一生中过千件发明都取得了专利 … symbolize… 成了…的象征
词类转译法（转译为名词）
有些英语被动式的句子，可译为“受、遭 到＋名词”，“予＋名词”这类结构
Was treated unfairly 受到不公平的对待 Be closely observed 加以密切的观察 Be carefully designed 予精密的设计
词类转译法（转译为形容词）
词类转译法（转译为形容词）
有些名词加不定冠词作表语时可译为形容词 This war was a success. …很成功 Independent thinking is an absolute
necessity in study. …是绝对必需的 His coming today is really a surprise. … 让人感到惊讶
词类转译法（转译为动词）
I’m afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. …比我教得好。
What kind of sailor are you? 你晕不晕船？ Be a bad sailor 晕船 Be a good sailor 不晕船
was out. …告诉我，这本书被借出去了。
词类转译法（转译为名词）
英语中很多由名词派生的动词，以及由动 词转用的动词，英语中找不到相应的动词， 可转译为名词。
Formality has always characterized their relationship.
他们之间的关系，有一个特点，… Our age is witnessing a profound
电脑的应用使劳动生产力大幅度增加。
词类转译法（转译为动词）
…Tom looked his good-bye at the garden.
汤姆看了看园子，跟它告别。 He cast a disdainful glance at the
prisoner. 他轻蔑地瞄了一眼那个囚犯。 She gives me a joyous grin. 她开心地对我笑了笑。
原顺序：徐悲鸿的马的画像特别好。
改为：徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。
词类转译法（转译为动词）
如果名词含有动作意味，可转译成动词。
In building after building,talk of that murder is in the air.
原顺序：对凶杀案的谈论是在流传之中。
改为：人们到处谈论着…
词类转译法（转译为名词）
Observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made.
…对你所取得的成就给予了很好的评价。
The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries.
词类转译法
英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译， 有些句子则由于英汉两种语言表达方式 不同，原文中有些词在译文中需要转换 词类，才能使译文通顺。所以说，词类 转换是翻译时最为常用的一种变通手段， 是突破原文的词、句布局，化阻滞通行 文的重要方法。许多生硬、别扭、拖沓 的欧化中文往往都是没有进行词类转换 的结果。
…认为，要成功禁止鸦片买卖，必须得先 把鸦片销毁。
Deng Xiaoping at the 11th Party Congress said,there must be less empty talk and more hard work.
邓小平在“十一大”上说，必须要少说空 话，多做工作。
词类转译法（转译为动词）
fresh air in. 她把窗子打开让新鲜空气进来。
词类转译法（转译为动词）
He took off his coat and boots at once.
马上脱下… That day he was up before sunrise. 那天他在日出以前就起来了。 The librarian told me that the book
老年人生活艺术（懂得如何在最恰当的时候 作最恰当的事，这不正是一种艺术吗？）
词类转译法
美国总统林肯在葛底斯堡著名的演 说词结尾有句话是“… and that government of the people, by the people, for the people”。试译
民有、民治、民享的政府
词类转译法（转译为动词）
Parents are always our perfect and minute lovers.
父母一直都会无微不至地爱着我们。
Lin Zexu was the most successful opium banners.
林则徐禁烟最为成功。
Being a successful organizer of this football match, he still appears modest.
翻译理论与实践
词类转译法 Conversion 1、转译为动词 2、转译为名词 3、转译为形容词
词类转译法
《新概念英语》第四册中，有一篇短文劝戒 老人不要怕死，生活应当达观开朗。短文 的题目十分别致，即“How to Grow Old”。把它译成中文却是个难题。请大家 试译。
如何变老
老年人须知
怎样安度晚年
词类转译法（转译为动词）
英语中有些加er，or后缀的名词，如 teacher，worker,有时并不指身份和职业， 而是含有较强的动作意味。在汉语中没有 恰当的对应名词时，往往可译作动词。 She is a well-known singer. 她是一位著名的歌唱家。 Some of my classmates are good singers. 唱歌唱得好。
吃简陋的食品，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微弱的 灯光
词类转译法（转译为动词）
In the words of Marx, a foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.
用马克思的话来说…
The girl in red is our typist. 穿红衣服的…
非常感谢约翰…
The student is not content with his progress.
词类转译法（转译为动词）
含动作意义的副词也可译为动词。 As he ran out,he forgot to have
his shoes on. 他跑出去时，忘了穿鞋子。 She opened the window to let
词类转译法（转译为名词）
英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类 人，译成中文时常用名词表达。
The sLeabharlann Baiduck, the wounded, the poor, the rich, the well-off, the badly-off, the old, the infirm, the diseased, the young, the blind, the deaf, the injured……
词类转译法（转译为动词）
Little by little,they went along the Arctic Ocean,making careful observation on the way.
他们慢慢沿着北冰洋岸航行，一路仔细观 察。
Xu Beihong’s paintings of horses are exceptionally good.
The sight of it should send the memories of old people back 30 years.
许多老人见了这个就会想到30年前的往事。
词类转译法（转译为动词）
… believed,a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself.
词类转译法（转译为动词）
Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.
不敢肯定… Saud was a frustrated man at that time. 沙德那时已受挫折。
I was grateful to John for bringing the books.
词类转译法（转译为动词）
如果主语是有动词派生的名词，可考 虑转译为动词
The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.
原顺序：语言的精通不是很容易的，需 要刻苦努力。
改为：语言这东西不是随便可以学好的， 非下苦功不可。
虽然成功举办了…
词类转译法（转译为动词）
有含动作意味的介词短语，如across， past，toward等，可译作动词。
I barreled straight ahead,across the harbor and out over the sea.
…越过港口，飞临海面。
Party officials worked long hours on meager food,in cold caves,by dim lamps
词类转译法（转译为形容词）
形容词派生的名词可以转译成形容词。 I can note the grace of her gesture. 我注意到她优雅的姿势。 You pass from the heat and glare of
a big open square into a cool, dark cavern. 你从一个炎热、阳光刺眼的开放式大广场.. The security and warmth of the ward.. 病房很安全，也很温暖。。
词类转译法（转译为动词）
英语中表知觉，情欲，欲望等心理状态的 形容词，在联系动词后作表语用时，可 译为动词。
常见的这类形容词有：
Confident,certain,careful,cautious, angry,sure,ignorant, afraid, doubtful,aware,concerned,glad,sor ry, delighted,ashamed,anxious,gratefu l…
贸易的剧增给两国带来了益处。
Chairman Mao personified the absolute power.
毛主席是绝对权威的化身。
词类转译法（转译为名词）
The film ”A Night to Remember” impressed me deeply.
…给我留下了很深的印象 Edison patented over one thousand
我们在20年内坐视原料价格下跌与工业品价 格暴涨
词类转译法（转译为动词）
In production the workers made full use of the old equipment. 这些工人在生产上充分利用…
The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labour productivity.
His real mission in life was to contribute to the overthrow of capitalist society.
…为推翻资本主义社会作贡献
For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of raw materials and an excessive increase of the prices of manufactured goods.
separate inventions during his life. 爱迪生一生中过千件发明都取得了专利 … symbolize… 成了…的象征
词类转译法（转译为名词）
有些英语被动式的句子，可译为“受、遭 到＋名词”，“予＋名词”这类结构
Was treated unfairly 受到不公平的对待 Be closely observed 加以密切的观察 Be carefully designed 予精密的设计
词类转译法（转译为形容词）
词类转译法（转译为形容词）
有些名词加不定冠词作表语时可译为形容词 This war was a success. …很成功 Independent thinking is an absolute
necessity in study. …是绝对必需的 His coming today is really a surprise. … 让人感到惊讶
词类转译法（转译为动词）
I’m afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. …比我教得好。
What kind of sailor are you? 你晕不晕船？ Be a bad sailor 晕船 Be a good sailor 不晕船
was out. …告诉我，这本书被借出去了。
词类转译法（转译为名词）
英语中很多由名词派生的动词，以及由动 词转用的动词，英语中找不到相应的动词， 可转译为名词。
Formality has always characterized their relationship.
他们之间的关系，有一个特点，… Our age is witnessing a profound
电脑的应用使劳动生产力大幅度增加。
词类转译法（转译为动词）
…Tom looked his good-bye at the garden.
汤姆看了看园子，跟它告别。 He cast a disdainful glance at the
prisoner. 他轻蔑地瞄了一眼那个囚犯。 She gives me a joyous grin. 她开心地对我笑了笑。
原顺序：徐悲鸿的马的画像特别好。
改为：徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。
词类转译法（转译为动词）
如果名词含有动作意味，可转译成动词。
In building after building,talk of that murder is in the air.
原顺序：对凶杀案的谈论是在流传之中。
改为：人们到处谈论着…