英国文学史刘炳善版重点整理
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The popularity of S is a worldwide phenomenon
The Comedy of Errors错误的喜剧;Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;
The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记Measure for Measure一报还一报/请君入瓮
Love’s Labour’s Lost爱的徒劳;Othello奥塞罗;
Much Ado about Nothing无事生非;
The Mercy Wives of Windsor温莎的风流娘们儿;Pericles佩里克尔斯
Julius Caesar朱利亚斯·凯撒；Cymbeline辛白林;
As You Like It皆大欢喜;The Winter’s Tale冬天的故事;
He reformed the English drama and perfected the language and verse of dramatic works.He first made blank verse theprincipleinstrument of English drama. His work paved the way for the plays of Shakespeare
Edmond Spenser
埃德·斯宾塞
ThePoet’sPoet
The Faerie Queene仙后dedicated to Queen Elizabeth
The Shepherd’s Calendar牧羊人日记mark the budding of the Renaissance flower in the northern island of England
Chaucer’s English, now called Middle English, is vivid and exact. He is a master of word-pictures.
Chaucer’scontribution to English poetry:1.introduced fromFrance the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (the heroic couplet).2.is the first great poet who wrote in the English language.3.hemakethe dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.
TCT is more than a mere collection of true-to-life pictures. Taking the stands of rising bourgeoisie, Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes the dogma of asceticism preached by the church.
William Shakespeare
莎士比亚
1564-1616
1.he isone of the foundersof realismin world literature.
2.his dramatic creation often used themethodofadaptation.
3.his long experience with the stage and his intimate knowledge of dramatic art thus acquired make him a master hand for playwriting.
Precision准确, clearness清晰, brevity简洁, force力度
Christopher Marlowe
克里斯托夫·马洛
The most gifted of the“universitywits”
The greatest of the pioneers of English drama
4.he was skilled in many poetic forms: the song, the sonnet, the couplet, and the dramaticblank verse.
5.he was a great master of the EL. Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of theEnglishBible are the two great treasuries of the EL.
Tamburlaine帖木耳(ambition);The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人(wealth);
DoctorFaustus浮士德博士(knowledge) humanist colour insatiable thirst for knowledge
剧作意义：1.show the spirit of the rising bourgeoisie, its eager curiosity for knowledge, its towering pride, its insatiable appetite for power. 2.theme:praise individuality freed from the restraints of medieval dogmas and law, and the convictions of the boundless possibility of human efforts in conquering the universe. 3.the heroes are merely individualists. their individualistic ambition often brings ruin to the world and sometimes to themselves.
Part1.EarlyandMedievalEnglish Literature
Epic
Beowulf贝奥武甫(the national epic of the English people)
striking feature: alliteration头韵, metaphors暗喻and understatements低调陈述.
Book one: contemporary England labouring class poor, the rich greed and luxury, ruler eager for war
Book two: ideal commonwealth in some unknown ocean property in held in common, there is no poverty
Ballad
Folk literature
The Robin Hood Ballads罗宾汉民谣
Geoffrey Chaucer
杰弗里·乔叟
1340-1400
The Messenger of Humanism, the first Realistic writer, the founder of English poetryand master of English Language
⑵This period is S’s sweet and joyful time, in which he succeeds in portraying a magnificent panorama of the manifold pursuit of people in real life.There is a great lift in characterization. Heroines
Romeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱丽叶tragi-comedy King Lear李尔王;
Macbeth麦克白;
A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;Antony and Cleopatra安东尼与克利欧佩特拉;
The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;
As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick of wit and love of life. His tales expose and satirize the evils of the time, as the degeneration of the noble, the heartlessness of the judge and so on. With especially formidable force Chaucer attacks the corruption of the church.
From everyone according to his capacities, to everyone according to his need; separation of town and country; the importance of labour for every member.
Part2. The EnglishRenaissance
Thomas More
托马斯·莫尔
The greatest of the English humanistsand the one of the forerunner of modern socialist thought
Utopia乌托帮Greek words“no place”ideal commonwealth conversation between More and voyager Hythloday
Twelfth Night第十二夜;The Tempest暴风雨;
The Sonnets十四行诗
⑴His drama relies not so much on characters as on witty speech and situation.His plays are poetical dramas.Agreat number of important dialogues and soliloquies in his plays assume the form of poetry.
他是最早有人文主义思想的作家，现实主义文学的奠基人
长诗：翻译法语TheRomaunt of the Rose玫瑰传奇;改编意大利Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德
小说：TheCanterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集(英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作)one of the monumental works in EL
Morden English. Spencer was the first master to make the language the natural music of his poetic effusions.
Francis Bacon
培根
1561-1626
The founder of English materialist philosophy
Founder ofmodernscience in England:Advancement of Learning学术的进展;New Instrument新工具Inductive Method of reasoning
First English essayist: Essay subjects: love, truth, friendship, parents &children, beauty, studies, riches, youth &age, garden, death…
The Comedy of Errors错误的喜剧;Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;
The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记Measure for Measure一报还一报/请君入瓮
Love’s Labour’s Lost爱的徒劳;Othello奥塞罗;
Much Ado about Nothing无事生非;
The Mercy Wives of Windsor温莎的风流娘们儿;Pericles佩里克尔斯
Julius Caesar朱利亚斯·凯撒；Cymbeline辛白林;
As You Like It皆大欢喜;The Winter’s Tale冬天的故事;
He reformed the English drama and perfected the language and verse of dramatic works.He first made blank verse theprincipleinstrument of English drama. His work paved the way for the plays of Shakespeare
Edmond Spenser
埃德·斯宾塞
ThePoet’sPoet
The Faerie Queene仙后dedicated to Queen Elizabeth
The Shepherd’s Calendar牧羊人日记mark the budding of the Renaissance flower in the northern island of England
Chaucer’s English, now called Middle English, is vivid and exact. He is a master of word-pictures.
Chaucer’scontribution to English poetry:1.introduced fromFrance the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (the heroic couplet).2.is the first great poet who wrote in the English language.3.hemakethe dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.
TCT is more than a mere collection of true-to-life pictures. Taking the stands of rising bourgeoisie, Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes the dogma of asceticism preached by the church.
William Shakespeare
莎士比亚
1564-1616
1.he isone of the foundersof realismin world literature.
2.his dramatic creation often used themethodofadaptation.
3.his long experience with the stage and his intimate knowledge of dramatic art thus acquired make him a master hand for playwriting.
Precision准确, clearness清晰, brevity简洁, force力度
Christopher Marlowe
克里斯托夫·马洛
The most gifted of the“universitywits”
The greatest of the pioneers of English drama
4.he was skilled in many poetic forms: the song, the sonnet, the couplet, and the dramaticblank verse.
5.he was a great master of the EL. Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of theEnglishBible are the two great treasuries of the EL.
Tamburlaine帖木耳(ambition);The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人(wealth);
DoctorFaustus浮士德博士(knowledge) humanist colour insatiable thirst for knowledge
剧作意义：1.show the spirit of the rising bourgeoisie, its eager curiosity for knowledge, its towering pride, its insatiable appetite for power. 2.theme:praise individuality freed from the restraints of medieval dogmas and law, and the convictions of the boundless possibility of human efforts in conquering the universe. 3.the heroes are merely individualists. their individualistic ambition often brings ruin to the world and sometimes to themselves.
Part1.EarlyandMedievalEnglish Literature
Epic
Beowulf贝奥武甫(the national epic of the English people)
striking feature: alliteration头韵, metaphors暗喻and understatements低调陈述.
Book one: contemporary England labouring class poor, the rich greed and luxury, ruler eager for war
Book two: ideal commonwealth in some unknown ocean property in held in common, there is no poverty
Ballad
Folk literature
The Robin Hood Ballads罗宾汉民谣
Geoffrey Chaucer
杰弗里·乔叟
1340-1400
The Messenger of Humanism, the first Realistic writer, the founder of English poetryand master of English Language
⑵This period is S’s sweet and joyful time, in which he succeeds in portraying a magnificent panorama of the manifold pursuit of people in real life.There is a great lift in characterization. Heroines
Romeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱丽叶tragi-comedy King Lear李尔王;
Macbeth麦克白;
A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;Antony and Cleopatra安东尼与克利欧佩特拉;
The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;
As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick of wit and love of life. His tales expose and satirize the evils of the time, as the degeneration of the noble, the heartlessness of the judge and so on. With especially formidable force Chaucer attacks the corruption of the church.
From everyone according to his capacities, to everyone according to his need; separation of town and country; the importance of labour for every member.
Part2. The EnglishRenaissance
Thomas More
托马斯·莫尔
The greatest of the English humanistsand the one of the forerunner of modern socialist thought
Utopia乌托帮Greek words“no place”ideal commonwealth conversation between More and voyager Hythloday
Twelfth Night第十二夜;The Tempest暴风雨;
The Sonnets十四行诗
⑴His drama relies not so much on characters as on witty speech and situation.His plays are poetical dramas.Agreat number of important dialogues and soliloquies in his plays assume the form of poetry.
他是最早有人文主义思想的作家，现实主义文学的奠基人
长诗：翻译法语TheRomaunt of the Rose玫瑰传奇;改编意大利Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德
小说：TheCanterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集(英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作)one of the monumental works in EL
Morden English. Spencer was the first master to make the language the natural music of his poetic effusions.
Francis Bacon
培根
1561-1626
The founder of English materialist philosophy
Founder ofmodernscience in England:Advancement of Learning学术的进展;New Instrument新工具Inductive Method of reasoning
First English essayist: Essay subjects: love, truth, friendship, parents &children, beauty, studies, riches, youth &age, garden, death…