科技英语翻译技巧
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译：利率一直在10％到15％之间不断波动。（不译“跷跷板一上一下的 交替摆动” ）
There were times when emigration bottleneck was extremely rigid and nobody was allowed to leave the country out of his personal preference.
译：可能影响投资开支的因素并不止这些。（不译“不停留在 这里”）
Solar energy seems to offer more hope than any other source of energy.
译：太阳能似乎比其他能源更有前途。（不译“提供更多希 望”）
Whether you like it or not, globalization is here to stay. We are not going to reverse the trend.
The factory is famous for its arsenal of technical geniuses.
译：这家工厂以拥有众多技术精英而著称。（不译“军火库”）
A single-point cutting tool is used to cut threads on engine lathes.
Translation Skill
科技英语翻译技巧
Characteristics of Specialty English
（科技英语的特点）
Translation Skill
（英语科技论文翻译技巧）
Characteristics of Language Structure ：
（语言结构特点）
Nouns （大量使用名词化结构）； Passive sentences （广泛使用被动句）；
Like any precision device, the monitor of methane requires careful treatment.
译：跟任何精密仪器一样，瓦斯监测仪也需要精心维护。（不 译“待遇”）
The factors which are likely to influence investment spending do not stop here.
The earth rotates on its own axis, which causes the change from day to night. The rotation of the earth on own axis causes the change from day to night.
International business as a field of management training deals with the special features of business activities that cross national boundaries.
译：作为管理训练一个领域的国际商务具有跨国商务活动的专 门特征。（不译“安排，处理，涉及，做生意”）
译：不管你对它的态度如何，经济全球化已成为我们生活的一 部分，这个趋势不可逆转。（不译“呆在这里”）
Our products, if maintained properly and regularly, can at least see twenty years’ service.
译：我们的产品如果适当地定期检修，至少可以使用20年。 （不译“看见20年的服务”）
Translation Skill Ⅰ— Semantic Extension
（翻译技巧Ⅰ ——词义引申）
词义的引申是指在一个词所具有的原始意义的基础上，根据 上下文和逻辑关系进一步加以引申，选择适当确切的目标语词语 来表达，避免生搬硬套地逐句死译，使译文更加通顺流畅。值得 注意的是，词义的引申不得超出原始意义所允许的范围。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Postpositional attributives（后置定语）
大量使用后置定语是科技文章的特点之一。常用的句子结构形式 有：介词短语后置、形容词及形容词短语后置、副词后置、定语从句 后置。
In small and medium-sized companies, the safety manager and the safety representative often have other duties besides their health and safety tasks. (介词短语后置) The safety manager’s role is to act an expert who is aware of the health and safety legislation and other obligations concerning the company. (定语从句后置) The efforts necessary to assure that sufficient emphasis is placed on system safety are often organized into formal programs. (“形容词
译：过去有过这种情况：移民限制极为严格，不允许任何人出于个人考 虑而迁居他国。（bottleneck不译“瓶颈”或“（交通）狭口”，preference 不译“偏爱” ）
There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology.
词义的具体化
英语中常用代表抽象意义的词表示一 种具体事物，译成汉语时一般须作具体化 的引申，否则意义会不明朗。因此，翻译 时应根据汉语的表达习惯，把文中抽象笼 统的词语引申为意义明确具体的词语。
The purpose of a driller is to holes.
译：钻机的功能是钻孔。（不译“洞”）
短语+从句”后置)
Long Sentences （长句）
为了表达一个复杂概念，使之逻辑严密，科技文章中常常出现许 多长句。
One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented by Schein who has said that organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptions---invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration---that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems”.
译：炼钢用的铁矿石来自露天开采的矿山和地下矿井。（不译“制造 刚”）
An insulator offers a very high resistance to the passage through which electric current goes.
Nouns （词义转译）； Concretizing （词义具体化）； Abstracting（词义抽象化）；
（词的搭配）。
词义转译
翻译时，如果完全生搬硬套字典所给 的字面意思，“对号入座”，会使译文生 硬晦涩，含糊不清，甚至令人不知所云。 因此，遇到一些无法直译的词或词组时， 应根据上下文和原词的字面意思，作适当 的转化。
译：普通车床是用单刃刀具来车螺纹的。（不译“切、砍”）
Many voices have been raised demanding the setting up of an Arab common market．
译：许多人要求建立阿拉伯共同市场。（不译“许多声音”）
词义的抽象化
翻译时把原文中词义较具体的词引申 为词义较抽象的词，或把词义较形象的词 引申为词义较一般的词。
Non-finite verbs（非限定动词）
由于科技文章要求书写简练、结构紧凑，因而常常使用分词短语 代替定语从句；使用分词独立结构代替状语从句或并列分句；使用不 定式代替各种从句，“介词+动名词短语”代替定语从句或状语从句。 这样，既可缩短句子，又比较醒目。
Organizational culture is a major component affecting organizational performance and behavior. A safety policy is the management ‘s expression of the direction to be followed in the organization. The most important aim of safety management is to maintain and promote workers’ health and safety at work.
There is more to their life than political and social and economic problem, more than transient everydayness.
译：他们的生活远不止那些政治的、社会的和经济的问题，远不止一时 的柴米油盐问题。（不译“日常性”）
Non-finite verbs（非限定动词）；
Postpositional attributives（后置定语）；
Long sentences（长句）。
Nouns （大量使用名词化结构）
科技英语要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容准确、信 息量大，常强调存在的事实，而非某一行为，所以大量 使用名词化结构。
Passive sentences （广泛使用被动句）
科技文章侧重叙事、推理，强调客观、准确，因而大量采 用第三人称叙述，使用被动语态。过多使用第一、第二人称， 会造成主观臆断的现象。科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被 动语态。http://www.docin.com/p-425135797.html The safety policy should be put into practice through careful planning of the safety activities. Occupational safety and health has received increasing attention due to its undeniable influence on economic development and social stability.
译：我们要完全掌握集成电路，还必须经过三个阶段。（不译”毕业于 “）
词的搭配
翻译时遇到动词、形容词与名词搭配 时，应根据汉语的搭配习惯，而不应受原 文字面意义的束缚。
The iron ore used to make steel comes from open-pit and underground mines.
The major contributors in component technology have been the semi-conductor components.
译：元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。（不译”主要贡献者“）
The interest rates have see-sawed between 10 and 15 percent.
There were times when emigration bottleneck was extremely rigid and nobody was allowed to leave the country out of his personal preference.
译：可能影响投资开支的因素并不止这些。（不译“不停留在 这里”）
Solar energy seems to offer more hope than any other source of energy.
译：太阳能似乎比其他能源更有前途。（不译“提供更多希 望”）
Whether you like it or not, globalization is here to stay. We are not going to reverse the trend.
The factory is famous for its arsenal of technical geniuses.
译：这家工厂以拥有众多技术精英而著称。（不译“军火库”）
A single-point cutting tool is used to cut threads on engine lathes.
Translation Skill
科技英语翻译技巧
Characteristics of Specialty English
（科技英语的特点）
Translation Skill
（英语科技论文翻译技巧）
Characteristics of Language Structure ：
（语言结构特点）
Nouns （大量使用名词化结构）； Passive sentences （广泛使用被动句）；
Like any precision device, the monitor of methane requires careful treatment.
译：跟任何精密仪器一样，瓦斯监测仪也需要精心维护。（不 译“待遇”）
The factors which are likely to influence investment spending do not stop here.
The earth rotates on its own axis, which causes the change from day to night. The rotation of the earth on own axis causes the change from day to night.
International business as a field of management training deals with the special features of business activities that cross national boundaries.
译：作为管理训练一个领域的国际商务具有跨国商务活动的专 门特征。（不译“安排，处理，涉及，做生意”）
译：不管你对它的态度如何，经济全球化已成为我们生活的一 部分，这个趋势不可逆转。（不译“呆在这里”）
Our products, if maintained properly and regularly, can at least see twenty years’ service.
译：我们的产品如果适当地定期检修，至少可以使用20年。 （不译“看见20年的服务”）
Translation Skill Ⅰ— Semantic Extension
（翻译技巧Ⅰ ——词义引申）
词义的引申是指在一个词所具有的原始意义的基础上，根据 上下文和逻辑关系进一步加以引申，选择适当确切的目标语词语 来表达，避免生搬硬套地逐句死译，使译文更加通顺流畅。值得 注意的是，词义的引申不得超出原始意义所允许的范围。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Postpositional attributives（后置定语）
大量使用后置定语是科技文章的特点之一。常用的句子结构形式 有：介词短语后置、形容词及形容词短语后置、副词后置、定语从句 后置。
In small and medium-sized companies, the safety manager and the safety representative often have other duties besides their health and safety tasks. (介词短语后置) The safety manager’s role is to act an expert who is aware of the health and safety legislation and other obligations concerning the company. (定语从句后置) The efforts necessary to assure that sufficient emphasis is placed on system safety are often organized into formal programs. (“形容词
译：过去有过这种情况：移民限制极为严格，不允许任何人出于个人考 虑而迁居他国。（bottleneck不译“瓶颈”或“（交通）狭口”，preference 不译“偏爱” ）
There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology.
词义的具体化
英语中常用代表抽象意义的词表示一 种具体事物，译成汉语时一般须作具体化 的引申，否则意义会不明朗。因此，翻译 时应根据汉语的表达习惯，把文中抽象笼 统的词语引申为意义明确具体的词语。
The purpose of a driller is to holes.
译：钻机的功能是钻孔。（不译“洞”）
短语+从句”后置)
Long Sentences （长句）
为了表达一个复杂概念，使之逻辑严密，科技文章中常常出现许 多长句。
One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented by Schein who has said that organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptions---invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration---that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems”.
译：炼钢用的铁矿石来自露天开采的矿山和地下矿井。（不译“制造 刚”）
An insulator offers a very high resistance to the passage through which electric current goes.
Nouns （词义转译）； Concretizing （词义具体化）； Abstracting（词义抽象化）；
（词的搭配）。
词义转译
翻译时，如果完全生搬硬套字典所给 的字面意思，“对号入座”，会使译文生 硬晦涩，含糊不清，甚至令人不知所云。 因此，遇到一些无法直译的词或词组时， 应根据上下文和原词的字面意思，作适当 的转化。
译：普通车床是用单刃刀具来车螺纹的。（不译“切、砍”）
Many voices have been raised demanding the setting up of an Arab common market．
译：许多人要求建立阿拉伯共同市场。（不译“许多声音”）
词义的抽象化
翻译时把原文中词义较具体的词引申 为词义较抽象的词，或把词义较形象的词 引申为词义较一般的词。
Non-finite verbs（非限定动词）
由于科技文章要求书写简练、结构紧凑，因而常常使用分词短语 代替定语从句；使用分词独立结构代替状语从句或并列分句；使用不 定式代替各种从句，“介词+动名词短语”代替定语从句或状语从句。 这样，既可缩短句子，又比较醒目。
Organizational culture is a major component affecting organizational performance and behavior. A safety policy is the management ‘s expression of the direction to be followed in the organization. The most important aim of safety management is to maintain and promote workers’ health and safety at work.
There is more to their life than political and social and economic problem, more than transient everydayness.
译：他们的生活远不止那些政治的、社会的和经济的问题，远不止一时 的柴米油盐问题。（不译“日常性”）
Non-finite verbs（非限定动词）；
Postpositional attributives（后置定语）；
Long sentences（长句）。
Nouns （大量使用名词化结构）
科技英语要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容准确、信 息量大，常强调存在的事实，而非某一行为，所以大量 使用名词化结构。
Passive sentences （广泛使用被动句）
科技文章侧重叙事、推理，强调客观、准确，因而大量采 用第三人称叙述，使用被动语态。过多使用第一、第二人称， 会造成主观臆断的现象。科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被 动语态。http://www.docin.com/p-425135797.html The safety policy should be put into practice through careful planning of the safety activities. Occupational safety and health has received increasing attention due to its undeniable influence on economic development and social stability.
译：我们要完全掌握集成电路，还必须经过三个阶段。（不译”毕业于 “）
词的搭配
翻译时遇到动词、形容词与名词搭配 时，应根据汉语的搭配习惯，而不应受原 文字面意义的束缚。
The iron ore used to make steel comes from open-pit and underground mines.
The major contributors in component technology have been the semi-conductor components.
译：元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。（不译”主要贡献者“）
The interest rates have see-sawed between 10 and 15 percent.