数学公式的英语读法-Reading maths Symbols

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TABLE 1. Common Symbols of Mathematics and Their Reading in English. Symbols Meaning and Reading sigma, the sum of the terms indicated the product of the terms indicated infinity the empty set the set of rational numbers the set of real numbers the set of complex numbers a is not equal to b a is greater (less) than b a is greater than or equal to b a is much greater(less) than b a divided by b, a bth a to the power p a to the power 1 2 , square root of a 1 , nth root of a a to the power n the absolute of a factorial n
∞ φ Q R C a=b a > b(<) a ≥ b(≤) a >> b(<<)
a b ap
a2 1 an |a| n!
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TABLE 2. Common Symbols of Mathematics and Their Reading in English. Symbols
df dx , df /dx, f , Df ∂f ∂x , ∂f /∂x, ∂x f, Dx f dn f n n (n) , D (n) f dxn , d f /dx , f df ( dx )x=a
TABLE 3. Common Symbols of Mathematics and Their Reading in English.
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Symbols sin x cos x tanx, tgx cotx, ctgx i Re(z ) Im(z ) arg (z ) a·b a×b
Meaning and Reading sine of x cosine of x tangent of x cotangent of x imaginary unit, i2 = −1 real part of z imaginary part of z argument of z scalar product of a and b vector product of a and b

TABLE 4. Common Symbols of Mathematics and Their Reading in English.
3. Examples
Formulas 1 3+ 1 3 = 33 2.35 × 2 = 4.70 x2 + y 2 = 10 21 ÷ 6 = 3and3 2
d2 f 3 8 ∂g − ∂y dx2
=0
Meaning and Reading three plus one third is equal to three and one third two point three five times 2 makes four point seven zero x squared and y squared equals ten three into twenty one goes three and three remainder two per cent three eighths per mille second derivative of function f with respect to x plus partial derivative of function g with respect to y equals zero
1. Introduction
We often use the symbols in mathematical formulas. We may know their meanings and their reading in Chinese, But we may not know how to read them in English. And this is very important for a teacher to teach and report in English. In this paper, we discuss the how to read the common symbols of mathematics in English. In section 2, the reading will be listed in a table. Some examples are given in Section 3.
Common Symbols of Mathematics and Their Meaning and Reading in English ∗
Zhengsheng Wang†
Department of Mathematics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, P.R. China
df f (x)dx b a f (x)dx ex , exp(x) loga x lnx lgx
Meaning and Reading derivative of the function f with respect to x partial derivative of the function f with respect to x, where f is a function of x and another variable nth derivative of the function f with respect to x value at a of the derivative of the function f total differential of the function f an indefinite integral of the function f definite integral of the function f from a to b exponential function to the base e of x logarithm to the base a of x nature logarithm of x common logarithm of x
This paper was finished during the visit of the author to The University of Melbourne in Australia in 2005. † E-mail address: wangzhengsheng@ (Z.S.Wang).
TABLE 5. Examples of Common Symbols of Mathematics and Their Reading in English. Acknowledgements The author would like to thank the references for their valuable comments that led to improvements of the paper.
2. The Meaning and Reading of Common Mathematical Symbols in English
Symbols + − ± × ÷ = ≈ ∈ ⊂ ⇔ ⇒
∗
Meaning and Reading plus, positive minus, negative plus or minus multiplied by, times divided by is equal to, equals is approximately equal to, approximately equals is member of set is subset of set is equivalent to implies
A⊃B A∪B
A×B
3. Real numbers x+1 x±1 x−1 x plus one x minus one x plus or minus one xy / x multiplied by y x minus y , x plus y x over y the equals sign x equals 5 / x is equal to 5 x (is) not equal to 5 1
Abstract We often use the symbols in mathematical formulas. We may know their meanings and their reading in Chinese, But we may not know how to read them in English. And this is very important for a teacher to teach and report in English. In this paper, we discuss the how to read the common symbols of mathematics in English. Keywords: Symbols of mathematics; Reading in English
References
[1] A Mathematical Dictionary in English. [2] .
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17.2.1999/H. V¨ aliaho
Pronunciation of mathematical expressions
The pronunciations of the most common mathematical expressions are given in the list below. In general, the shortest versions are preferred (unless greater precision is necessary). 1. Logic ∃ ∀ p⇒q p⇔q 2. Sets x∈A x∈ /A A⊂B A∩B A\B x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of A x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of A A is contained in B / A is a subset of B A contains B / B is a subset of A A cap B / A meet B / A intersection B A cup B / A join B / A union B A minus B / the difference between A and B A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B there exists for all p implies q / if p, then q p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent
xy
(x − y )(x + y ) x y = x=5 x=5
x>y x<y x≤y x≥y
x≡y
x≡y
x is equivalent to (or identical with) y x is not equivalent to (or identical with) y x is greater than y x is greater than or equal to y x is less than y x is less than or equal to y zero is less than x is less than 1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1 mod x / modulus x x squared / x (raised) to the power 2 x cubed x to the fourth / x to the power four x to the nth / x to the power n x to the (power) minus n (square) root x / the square root of x cube root (of) x fourth root (of) x nth root (of) x