实用阶梯英语跨文化交际 (2)
跨文化Unit 2
9
Unit 2 Daily Verbal Communication (Ⅰ)
01 Warm-up Cases 02 Form of Address 03 Greeting 04 Initiating Conversation
and Conversation Topic 05 Visiting 06 Parting 07 Exercises
01 Warm-up Cases 02 Form of Address 03 Greeting 04 Initiating Conversation
and Conversation Topic 05 Visiting 06 Parting 07 Exercises
Unit 2 Daily Verbal Communication (Ⅰ)
Unit 2 Daily Verbal Communication (Ⅰ)
19
05 Visiting
Things to be minded
n Invite: advance notice (at least a week in advance) n Take off the out-door clothing immediately, if not, they would consider you
15
04 Initiating Conversation and Conversation Topic
Case Borrow Money and Lend Money (P21)
Americans don’t readily give money to others nor receive others’ readily. Americans keep reminding, but Chinese are shy of reminding.
跨文化交际第四版实用阶梯英语笔记
跨文化交际第四版实用阶梯英语笔记【导言】跨文化交际是当今全球化背景下至关重要的技能之一。
与他人进行跨文化交际，需要我们具备一定的英语能力，同时也需要了解不同的文化习俗和传统。
在这方面，跨文化交际第四版实用阶梯英语笔记给了我们很好的指导和帮助。
本文将深入探讨这一主题，帮助读者更好地理解和应用跨文化交际的相关知识。
【正文】一、跨文化交际的重要性跨文化交际是指不同文化背景下的人们进行交流、合作和互动。
在全球化的今天，跨文化交际变得越来越重要，因为我们经常需要与不同文化背景的人打交道。
而跨文化交际第四版实用阶梯英语笔记对于我们学习和提升跨文化交际能力是非常有益的。
二、跨文化交际第四版实用阶梯英语笔记的特点跨文化交际第四版实用阶梯英语笔记是一部系统介绍英语交际和跨文化沟通的教材。
它通过实用性的案例和知识点，帮助学习者更好地理解和应用英语，同时也关注了不同文化之间的交际技巧和原则。
在笔记中，作者结合了大量的跨文化交际案例和经验，使得学习者能够更加深刻地理解跨文化交际的重要性和技巧。
三、如何有效利用跨文化交际第四版实用阶梯英语笔记在使用跨文化交际第四版实用阶梯英语笔记时，我们可以从以下几个方面进行学习和应用：1. 学习常见的交际技巧和原则：跨文化交际需要我们了解对方文化的基本礼貌和行为规范。
通过学习笔记中的案例和技巧，我们可以更加深入地了解不同文化之间的交际技巧，避免造成不必要的误会和冲突。
2. 加强英语口语和书面表达能力：跨文化交际需要我们具备一定的英语表达能力。
跨文化交际第四版实用阶梯英语笔记通过大量的练习和案例，帮助我们提升英语口语和书面表达能力，使得我们能够更加自如地与他人交流。
3. 建立跨文化交际的意识和能力：跨文化交际不仅仅是语言交流，更重要的是文化之间的理解和尊重。
在使用跨文化交际第四版实用阶梯英语笔记时，我们需要培养跨文化交际的意识和能力，学会在交流中尊重对方的文化差异，避免产生不必要的文化冲突。
跨文化交际实用教程unit 2
16
Business visiting:
arrange a time in advance some straight to the point
Social visiting:
more flexible
I’m coming to see you this afternoon.
17
Some suitable expressions:
28
8
Summary of addressing people
Chinese
Formal Relationship/ Situation Neutral Relationship/ Situation Close Relationship/ Informal Situation
English
Surname+Title
21
The differences:
Westerners: A couple of minutes’ small
talk
Well, it’s been lovely to see you again, but I must be going soon. I hope we’ll be able to get together again before long… Thank you for a lovely evening. I must not hold you any longer.
VIP Title + full name/ surname Ambassador大使 Doctor博士 Duke 公 Marquis or Marquess侯 Count or Earl伯 Viscount子 Baron男 Stranger Mr. Madam (only use the word Sir if he is much older than you or you don’t know his surname but he is a VIP) Young people Young man Young Lady Kid(s) Young Master(小王子)
跨文化交际导论(英文版)(第二版) Chapter 2 communication and culture
The Selected Scene ---Conflicts Across Border
Task:
(1) Is there an effective communication between Santiago and the police?
(2) What caused the conflicts between them and how to avoid such conflicts?
Decode
Physical
Message Channel
Channel Message Feedback
Encode Receiver
Encode
Reasons for Misunderstanding
Encoding & Decoding
Not all communication could
Section 2 1. Basics of Communication
Warm-up questions
What is communication? How would two people in love let each
other know about their feelings? How many Chinese words can you
通信
传通
1.1 Definition of Communication
Communication
Latin word “communicare”
Act and process of sending and receiving messages among people
Means of Communication
(完整word版)《跨文化交际英语实用教程》名词解释
《跨文化交际英语实用教程》名词解释Define the following terms：1. Culture: it refers to a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values，norms and social practices, which affect the behaviors of a relatively large group of people.文化:它是指一组学习者对信仰、价值观、规范和社会实践的共同理解，从而影响了一个相对大的群体的行为。
2. Intercultural communication：It is communication between people from different cultural backgrounds, or it refers to communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.跨文化交际：它是来自不同文化背景的人们之间的交流，也就是说，人们的文化观念和符号系统之间的沟通是不同的,足以改变交际活动。
3. Denotative meaning tends to be described as the definitional，literal，obvious or commonsense meaning of a word.外延意义往往被描述为定义,文字，一个词明显或常识性的意义。
4. Connotative meaning is used to refer to the socio—cultural associations of the word.内涵意义是指词的社会文化协会。
跨文化交际Unit-2第二讲PPT课件
2021/3/12
7
Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication
(3) What conflicts does this case show?
• This case shows the conflicts of
Host
Guest
Man
woman
2021/3/12
5
Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication
• Americans expect other people to also be selfreliant, and while Americans are often quite willing to help those they consider in genuine need.
• (1) Retell the story in your group.
• (2) Why do you think the professor became
annoyed? Use the “possibility” words of “very
likely”, “likely”, “almost certainly”, “virtually
Yong Chinese
2021/3/12
Old Canadian
8
Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication
必须掌握的单词和词组
• Irritable, grouchy, episode, refusal (n.) • Self-reliance hunch, perspectives • obligation
跨文化交际上课内容unit2-推荐下载
✋Homework of Unit 1: What are stumbling blocks in intercultural communication? How to overcome these blocks?Unit Two Culture and CommunicationI.Warm UpPlease read the story on page 38, then answer the questions:1.Why was Tom considered a rude host by his visitors?2.How can you explain the fact that Tom is misunderstood when heactually wants to be kind and friendly to the visitors?II.Reading1.Read the article of “What Is Culture”. What can you learn about culturefrom it? Please answer the questions followed?Supplement:Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory (p41)What is culture?Origins of culture in English and Chinese(1)“Culture” is a loan word from Latin meaning “cultivating or tilling种田the land”. It was originally associated with physical activities and production of food. Later, its meaning was extended to include mental, moral, aesthetic美学, educational and intellectual activities. In contemporary English its original meaning is still retained保留.(2)“文化” is a native word本族词in Chinese. “文” and “化” were usedtogether in the Warring States战国. “人文” in “观乎人文，以化成天下” refers to the interwoven互相编织relationships between the monarch君主and his subjects, fathers and sons, husbands and wives, brothers and friends, and “化” means “changing and/or cultivating”.When used together, “文” and “化” mean “以文教化”. They were combined into one word in Han Dynasty, with its meaning contrasted with “nature” on one hand and “primitiveness” 原始and “savage”未开化，野蛮on the other hand. So “文化” was originally associated with mental activities.1.DefinitionThe term “culture” does not correspond 一致perfectly with “文化”. For examples:他没有文化(He is illiterate.)“What really binds 捆绑men together is their culture--- the ideas and the standards they have in common.”— R. BenedictAccording to The Concise Oxford Dictionary, culture is “the arts and other manifestations 表现of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively”.Defining Culture from the Anthropological Perspective人类学观点:♦“Culture consists of patterns, explicit明确and implicit含蓄, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting 组成the distinctive有特色的achievement of human groups, including their embodiments 体现in artifacts史前古器物; the essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values”.-----Kroeber and Kluckhohn Defining Culture from the Psychological Perspective♦culture is "the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category 种类of people from another".----Geert HofstedeDefining Culture from the Sociological Perspective♦“Culture is defined as a pattern of learned, group-related perception — including both verbal口头and nonverbal language attitudes, values, belief system信念系统, disbelief systems, and behavior”. Defining Culture from the Intercultural Perspective♦“Culture is a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behavioursand artifacts that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning.”----[Bates and Plog]There are altogether no less than 250 definitions of culture by scholars from several different fields. Despite so, almost all scholars agree that culture has two senses: the broad sense 广义and the narrow sense.A. Culture in its broad senseCulture is the attribute特质of man, or, whatever distinguishes man from the rest part of the world is culture. Based on this, Prof. Lin Dajin provides a Chinese counterpart副本definition: 文化是人类区别于动物的综合特征. It may include the following components:①Materials man has got to satisfy his needs, including science and technology, such as space shuttles航天飞机, airplanes, and cars;②Social institutions社会制度and organizations man has established, including socioeconomic社会经济学的institutions体系, politico-legal institutions, and religious organizations宗教组织;③Knowledge about nature and man himself and artistic development艺术发展, including various subjects such as mathematics数学and education, and artistic forms such as literature, painting, music and dance;④Language and other communication systems such as gestures and facial expressions;⑤Customs, habits and behavioral patterns;⑥Value systems, world views, national traits名族性, aesthetic standards 审美标准and thinking patterns.Culture in this sense is also called “large C culture” or academic culture or culture with a big C(大写字母的文化). It’s culture in general, culture of all nationalities and ethnic groups族群. But we know there are specific cultures such as Chinese, American and British. According to this sense, specific culture can be defined (by Prof. Lin Dajin) as the comprehensive features that distinguish one group (be it a nation, a race or any section of people) of people from another (一个民族区别于另一个民族的综合特征).﹡ Dominant culture and subculture亚文化群/co-culture共同培养♦Culture is subdivided 被再分成into dominant culture, mainstream culture, and subculture(s), which coexist 共存within each culture.♦ A subculture resembles似 a culture in that it usually encompasses 包含围绕a relatively large number of people and represents the accumulation积累of generations of human striving努力奋斗.However, subcultures have some important differences: they exist within dominant cultures and are often based on economic or social class, ethnicity种族划分, race, or geographic region.Today the tendency is to say ‘co-culture’ and sub-groups to avoid prejudice.B. Culture in its narrow senseIt's called “small c culture” or anthropological culture or culture with a small c (小写字母的文化). It can be defined as life way of a population, Culture in this sense emphasizes what characterizes the way of life of a people, including components ②, ③, ④, ⑤ and ⑥, with components ②, ④, ⑤ and ⑥ as the central part.Some scholars are interested in “large C culture” while others in “small c culture”, depending on the purpose of investigation. We shall focus on culture in its narrow sense.﹡Cultural Identity文化身份文化认同Cultural identity refers to one’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group. People consciously 有意识地，自觉地identify themselves with a group that has a shared system of symbols and meanings as well as norms for conduct.2.Properties 内容of culture(1)It is human specific.(2)It is a social phenomenon (contrast between society and nature). It is theembodiment体现of human knowledge, skill and cooperative labor.(3)It is a national phenomenon for each nature has its own culture.(4)It is a historical phenomenon. Each culture has some history and eachgeneration contributes to it. But culture won’t necessarily remain the same.(5)It is general and abstract.A. Overt CultureB. Covert Culture(公开文化层) Exposed Material Culture, Visible and Easily Described (隐蔽文化层)Hidden in the material culture,Soft or Spiritual culture 2.Culture can be viewed as an iceberg. Nine-tenths of an iceberg is out of sight. The part of the cultural iceberg that is above the water is easy to be noticed. The other part that is hidden below the water and is outside of conscious awareness. It is sometimes called “deep culture”. But what are the things in a culture that can be said to be above or below thewater – within or out of our awareness?The Structure of Culture3.Read the article on page 45-48:From this article, we can learn there are three characteristics of culture – coherent, learned, the view of a group of people; and there are three things culture does – culture ranks what is important (or cultures teach values or priorities), culture furnishes attitudes, and culture dictates how to behave. 4.Decide whether the following are examples of communications or not?Why?1)You complain to your instructor about your course credits through telephone.2) Two blind people exchange ideas in Braille盲文.3) A German businessman negotiates, through an interpreter口译, with his Chinese counterpart.4) A farmer gives instructions to his ploughing 耕种cow.5) A programmer issues commands to a computer.6) Tom talks to himself while flourishing his toy gun.7) You send an e-mail message to an American friend.8) Jane lies in bed reading a novel.The Basics of Communication:Communication occurs if: 1. two or more people; 2. contact; 3. a shared language; 4. an exchange of information.5.Read the article of “Elements of Communication”. What are theelements of communication?Context: four aspects (the physical setting, historical aspect, psychological aspect, culture aspect)Participants: three variables (relationship, gender, culture)Messages: meanings, symbols, encoding and decoding.Channels: the method used to deliver a message (sound, sight, smell, taste, touch, or any combination of these)Noise (干扰): a term used for factors that interfere with the exchange of messages, including external noise, internal noise and semantic noise. Noise is inevitable.Feedback: the response of a receiver to a sender’s messagePlease answer the questions followed.Supplement:What Is Communication?There are altogether 126 definitions of communication. Among them the most accepted one defined by L. A. Samovar, et al.Definition:“Communication may be defined as that which happens whenever someone responds to the behavior or the residue剩余of the behavior of another person.”---- L. A. Samovar, et alA few key points about this definition:① The behavior includes verbal behavior语言行为and non-verbalbehavior. For example, you meet an acquaintance in the street. You smile and nod to each other without uttering发出a word. Then your behavior is non-verbal, and your communication is also non-verbal.So according to this, communication can be divided into verbal communication and non-verbal communication.② As to the meaning of “behavior residue", here is an example. You leavea note before you go out, and your roommate sees it when coming back and will make certain response. Then this note is your behavior residue. In this case, whether your roommate does something about or just ignores the note, as long as he receives the note, communication happens, but it is non-simultaneous非同时发生的. Therefore, communication can also be divided into simultaneous communication同时通信and non-simultaneous communication.③ A behavior, whether intentional故意的or unintentional, conscious or unconscious, once is received, communication occurs. For example, when you are giving a speech, you may blush (unintentional) or repeat the same movement (unconscious), which gives your audience a message that you are nervous.④Feedback is not a prerequisite必要条件of communication. So there may be one-way communication. Hu Wenzhong of Beijing Foreign Studies University once said translation is in fact a kind of (intercultural) communication, because when one is translating, one is in factcommunicating interculturally with the writer of the original work. In deed, written translation is in most cases one-way communication.2. Factors Affecting CommunicationEight specific ingredients of communication:①the source (行为源): a person who has a need to communicate②encoding (编码): an internal activity in which a source creates a message through the selection of verbal and non-verbal symbols (行为源组织信息的内心活动).③message (信息): the result of encoding, once spoken out and received, becomes a message.④channel (渠道): the physical means by which the message is transmitted.⑤the responder (反应者): the person who intercepts拦截the message and as a consequence becomes linked to the source.⑥decoding (译码): the internal activity of the receiver’s information processing.⑦response (反应): what a receiver decides to do about the message.⑧feedback (反馈): feedback and response are clearly related. Response becomes feedback when received by the source.Of the eight ingredients, the source and the responder, encoding and decoding, are the most important because they are related to persons.Some personal factors may affect communication effectiveness:③sex②age③temperament气质性格(e.g. introverted and extroverted)④occupation (e.g. businessman, officers, etc.)⑤social status⑥knowledge structure⑦life experienceUncertain factors, varying at different time:①intention: though disgusted, you nod or smile for politeness.②mood: someone tells you that it is useless to live in this world. You might have different responses.③status at that time: you, as a guest, can’t ask the host to help himself to some dish.Objective factors:①time: you never say “Good morning” in the evening.②place:③occasion: you never say “节哀顺便” in a wedding ceremony.3. Communication Types① based on symbols used: verbal and non-verbal② based on media: direct and indirect③ based on feedback: two-way and one-way④based on numbers of the sources and responders: one/group-to-one and one/group-to-group⑤based on set responder: directed and non-directed⑥based on the source’s intention: intentional and unintentional⑦based on the responder’s activeness: active and passive⑧ based on time: simultaneous and non-simultaneous4. Characteristics of Communication (Essentials of Human Communication) p68-73①Communication is dynamic动态的. It is an on-going, ever-changing千变万化activity. We are sure to be influenced by other’s message, whether gradually or radically彻底的根本上的.①Communication is symbolic: Symbols are central to the communicationprocess because they represent the shared meanings that are communicated. A symbol is a word, action, or object that stands for or represents a unit of meaning. People's behaviors are frequently interpreted symbolically, as an external representation of feelings, emotions, and internal states.①Communication is systematic系统的: Communication does not occurin isolation or in a vacuum在真空中, but rather is part of a larger system. We send and receive messages not in isolation, but in a specific setting. Setting and environment help determine the words and actions we generate. Dress, language, topic selection, and the like are all adapted to context.①It involves making inferences.①It has a consequence.①It is interactive (interpersonal communication).①It is irreversible.不可逆的不可取消①It is contextual.①Communication is self-reflective自我反思: Human beings have aunique ability to think about themselves, to watch how they define the world, and to reflect on their past, present, and future.6.Match each of what the first speaker says on the left with what thesecond speaker says on the right to form a dialogue that will make sense, and then decide what is possibly meant by the second speaker in the dialogue. (p57)1)J 2)F 3)A 4)G 5)I 6)H 7)B 8)C 8)D 9)E7.Read the passage of “Communicating or Communicating Effectively”on p58 and try to explain why we sometimes find it very difficult to communicate effectively with others, and then suggest what we can do about it.III.Case Study: Students are required to read the cases given carefully and try to analyse them from the viewpoint of IC.。
阶梯英语(二)复习要点
公共英语第三学期阶梯英语（二）复习要点交际用语复习练习一1. —I’m afraid I must be off now.—Oh?B. I’m very sorry.C. No, don’t go now.D. That’s OK.2. —Hello, Bob, haven’t seen you for ages, you look fine.—B. Hello, where have you been?C. I’m not fine these days.D.I met you just last week.3. —Would you be able to make a phone call for me?—,sir.A. I’m glad toC. That’ll be fineD. Yes, I would be4. —Thanks for the present. It’s really nice.—A. Yes, I think so.B. Never Mind.C. I’d love to.5. —Let’s go for a flower show. What do you say?—A. No, I wouldn’t.B. I didn’t say anything.C. Yes, I would.6. —Happy New Year!—B. Oh, no, thanks.C. Wish you, too.D. It’s the same to you.7. —I got a D in the math test.—’s too bad. B. It is not bad.C. Good for you.D. You shouldn’t have worked hard.8. — Can you turn down the radio, please?—.A. Oh, I knowC. I’ll keep it down next tim eD. Please forgive me9. — Hi, is Mary there, please?—_________B. No, she isn’t here.C. Yes, she lives here.D. Yes, what do you want?10.—Doctor, I don’t feel well.—_________A. You are f ine.B. It doesn’t matter.D. Don’t take it seriously.11. — Let me help you with your luggage.—A. Yes, please.B. I know you’ll help me.D. Yes, of course.12. ——I want to buy two 50fenstamps.B. What do you want to buy?C. Do you want to buy stamps or envelopes?D. What are you looking for?13. —Can you win the match?—A. I’m sure you will.I’m afraid not.C. No one knows.D. I don’t hope so.14. —I’m sorry I can’t follow you. Would you mind saying that slowly?—B. No, I wouldn’t.C. I’ve no idea.D. No, I would.15. ——I’ve just asked where you are from.B. Repeat.C. Excuse me!D. What’s wrong?答案：1．A。
跨文化交际Unit 2 Daily verbal communication 1
Parting
The difficulties to say good-bye lie in:
How
long it is appropriate to stay;
to say to the host and hostess; far should people see guests off?
What How
e way to address colleagues (of the Chinese to westerners)
A
B
C
D
Total
To superiors % To peers % To Subordin ates %
26
31.71
8
9.76
42
51.22
6
7.32
82
100
6 7.32 6
18 21.95 16
Unit 2 Daily Verbal Communication (1)
Susan: Mrs. Zhang, come to New York if you want. Husband’s translation: 妈妈，您可一定要来纽约看看。 Mother: 不去了，给你们添麻烦。 Husband’s translation: Oh, it depends on the physical condition. Susan: Yes, oh thanks for your delicious food, I like them very much. Husband’s translation: 谢谢妈妈给我们做了那么多好吃的 Mother: 自家人谢什么，苏珊，你以后可不要再减肥了， 身体健康才最重要哪！ Husband’s translation: It’s my pleasure, Susan, I hope you become even more beautiful. Susan: Thank you! The same to you.
跨文化交际Unit 2 Daily verbal communication 1
A 46
B 10 12.2 34 41.46
C 22 26.83 28 34.15
D 4 4.88 16 19.51
Total 82 100 82 100
36
32
10
82
43.9
39.02
12.2
100
－Title + last name B－Full name C－First name D－Nickname
“My name is Margaret Wilkinson, but please call me Margaret,” my grammar teach tells in front blackboard. But I must give respect, not just call Margaret. I will call Mrs Margaret.” (A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers, Xiaolu Guo)
HIGH-CONTEXT 内隐，含蓄 暗码信息 较多非语言编码 反应很少外露 人际关系紧密 内外有别 高承诺 时间处理高度灵活
LOW-CONTEXT 外显，明了 明码信息 较多语言编码 反应外露 人际关系不密切 内外灵活 低承诺 时间高度组织化
Three cousins of the French President were also to receive presents.
Questions
1. What are the differences in addressing people between English and Chinese cultures? 2. How do you address your teacher’s husband or wife? 3. What’s your attitude towards “同志” or “Comrade”? 4. How to translate “师傅” “解放军叔叔” into English?
跨文化交际intercultural communication chapter 2
Joke appreciation
A British old lady went to an American hotel for her holiday. She called the receptionist to arrange a morning call. “Could you please wake me up at 6:00 tomorrow morning?” “Sure, I will knock you up then.” The woman ran into rage and shouted, knock up “I beg your pardon?” arouse, awaken (US);
bird/a person considerrkey
• 1 （a） [C] large bird reared to be eaten, esp at Christmas 吐绶鸡; 火鸡. • （b） [U] its flesh as food （食用的）火鸡肉: ★ a slice of roast turkey 一片烤火鸡肉. • 2 [C] (US sl 俚) failure; flop 失败; 失败的人或事物: ★ His last movie was a real turkey. 他最后的那部影片一塌糊涂.
3) On the phone
What’s the difference for Chinese people and American people to receive a phone?
“我们首先发现的是在[电话]谈话的开头有一连串的 ‘hello’，双方都不说明自己的身份。在第二个来回当中，打 电话的人要求接电话的人说明身份，这一要求遭到对方拒绝。 反过来，接电话的人问打电话的人的身份，而打电话的人并不 回答这一问题，相反却开始猜对方的身份。接电话的人也试图 猜出对方是谁。在双方的猜测被证实以后，谈话通过一系列问 候和答问进行，直到六个来回之后才正式提出谈话的主题，或 者至少打电话一方表示他有问题需要提出。住在埃及的外国人 普遍反应是电话谈话毫无规律可循。”
跨文化交际2PPT课件
repeating corrected versions of what
Huizhen said wrong. Huizhen just doesn’t
notice. 2021/7/23
3
--Mr. Schmidt doesn’t think that correcting students’ errors helps their English very much.
2021/7/23
7
Western approaches to language learning:
Many Western teachers take an approach to language learning and teaching which emphasizes communication, sometimes even at the expense of attention to grammatical accuracy. The idea is that when using English it is more important to understand others and be understood by others than it is to have every sentence be perfectly correct. Of course, this does not mean that grammatical accuracy is unimportant, but it does mean that American teachers may stress grammar less than students from other cultures are accustomed to.
跨文化交际实用教程unit2课件ppt共30页
1
CONTENTS
I. Warm-up cases II. Detailed Study:
★Addressing People ★Greetings ★Initiating Conversations ★Visiting Someone ★Partings
■学术头衔
学术头衔的“副”职称，常用 associate 表示。如：
➢ 副教授 associate professor ➢ 副研究员 associate research fellow ➢ 副审判长 associate judge ➢ 副主任医师 associate doctor
10
2. Greetings
Please match the following two groups.
vice
director
associate
professor
assistant
manager
deputy
president
9
Tips:
■行政头衔
以“副”字的表示副职的行政职务头衔，可用 vice、 deputy 表达。在实际使用时究竟选用哪个，纯属搭配 习惯。一般来说，vice与president、 premier、 chairman、 minister、 governor搭配；deputy与 director、 chief、head 、secretary、dean、mayor 搭配。似乎可以认为，Vice比Deputy的搭配级别要高。
Close Relationship/ Informal Situation
Surname+Title Surname+Title
跨文化交际课程unit2
Lecture 2: Code and Context
Intercultural communication VS Cross-cultural communication
The forms of intercultural communication
a.Interpersonal Communication
Interpersonal communication is a form of communication that involves a small number of individuals who are interacting exclusively with one another and who therefore have the ability both to adapt their messages sቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱecifically for those others and to obtain immediate interpretations from them.
The distinctions between HC and LC
HC communication is economical, fast, and efficient.It works very well as long as the people communicating are looking for and understand the meanings in the context. LC is more impersonal, but it is an effective way of transmitting information among people who do not share the same experience.
跨文化交际英语版unit2-Understanding-Communication
Understanding Communication
In this class, you’ll be able to…
I. know different definitions of communication Ⅱ. Recognize two ways of communication III. identify various ingredients of communication IV. analyze a communication process and recognize
CHANNEL MESSAGE INTERFERENCE
FEEDBACK CONTEXT
RECEIVER Self-concept Family Culture Skills Feelings Attitudes Values
Interference changes or distorts the message
Source (Sender) – A sender of information
SOURCE (Sender)
Encoding— the act of putting an idea into a code
SOURCE
Perception Knowledge
Experiences
Culture Skills Feelings Attitudes Values
RECEIVER Self-concept Family Culture Skills Feelings Attitudes Values
CONTEXT
A communication process model
ICC
Communicating Process
跨文化交际(UNIT-2)
Reading I
▪ Read the article of “What Is Culture” (p3943). What can you learn about culture from it? Please answer the questions followed:
1. Which of the definitions given above do you prefer? Why?
Review of Unit 1
▪ What are stumbling blocks in intercultural communication?
▪ How to overcome these blocks?
Case analysis
A British tourist got lost in a small town in China. A Chinese couple volunteered to offer their help . And now they are introducing themselves.
➢ “Culture” is a loan word from Latin meaning “cultivating or tilling the land”. It was originally associated with physical activities and production of food. Later, its meaning was extended to include mental, moral, aesthetic, educational and intellectual activities. In contemporary English its original meaning is still retained.
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Dear David, I graduated from university several years ago and now I am a university English teacher.
Last week my department sent me to the airport to meet a visiting British professor. When I met him at the airport he had two heavy suitcases and some smaller bags. He was an older man, in his sixties I think, and we couldn’t find a luggage cart, so I wanted to help him with his luggage. Several times I offered to take one of the heavy suitcases from him, and each time he insisted that he could carry the suitcases himself. However, he seemed to be having some difficulty moving both of the suitcases, so at one point when we stopped and he put the suitcases down, I just picked one up. When I picked up the suitcase he said “I can handle this myself,” but I thought he was just being polite so I went off toward the van with the suitcase. However, when we got to the van he seemed annoyed with me, and he hardly spoke at all to me the whole way to our school.
Why did he get upset with me? Was it wrong to try to help him with his luggage? Sincerely, Joyce
Questions
1. Why do you think the professor became annoyed? 2. What do you think David’s response to Joyce’s questions will be?
Unit 2 British Culture
Learning Objectives
• To gain a general knowledge of British society and culture • To get acquainted with some basic cultural concepts concerning British
Lead-in Activities In-class Learning In-class Exchange After-class Reviewing
Lead-in Activities
Just Ask
A Helping Hand
Hale Waihona Puke Directions: Read the following letter without using your dictionary. After reading the letter, work in groups to discuss the following questions. Then read the David’s Response to make your idea more comprehensive.
Lead-in Activities
Just Ask
Directions: Read the following letter without using your dictionary. After reading the letter, work in groups to discuss the following questions. Then read the David’s Response to make your idea more comprehensive.
culture • To learn useful words and expressions about British society and culture • To adopt a right attitude towards cultural differences
Unit 2 British Culture
Lead-in Activities
Just Ask
David’s Response
Dear Joyce, I am honestly not sure why the British professor reacted like he did. It may have been
partly because he was very tired and irritable after a long flight. However, my guess is that cultural factors played a role in the episode.
第二版
新世纪高职高专教材编审委员会 组编 总主审 刘黛琳 总主编 牛 健 主 编 王催春
单元导读
Unit 2 British Culture
英国文化具有浓厚的宗教色彩。基督教，特别是基 督教新教在英国被赋予了特殊的地位。英国人具有强烈 的民族自豪感，幽默感和宽容，自由和自律的文化精神 是其文化特性中极具闪光点的部分。英国人是具有阶级 意识的民族。英国人对于出身的贵贱、等级较许多其他 西方国家更为敏感。在谈及英国文化特性时，不能不考 虑到英国文化的复杂多样性。