长期施肥对土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性的影响

植物生态学报　2008,32(1)176～182 ΞJ ournal of Plant Ecology(Chinese Version)

长期施肥对土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性的影响

刘恩科1,3　赵秉强1,33　李秀英1　姜瑞波1　李燕婷1　H wat Bing S o2 (1中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京　100081)　(2昆士兰大学土地和食品科学学院,布里斯班4072,澳大利亚)

(3中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京　100081)

摘　要　该文以北京国家褐潮土土壤肥力与肥料效益长期监测基地的长期肥料定位试验为平台,研究了长期不同

施肥制度对土壤的生物学特性及其土壤酶的影响。主要研究结果:长期撂荒土壤(15年)的有机质和全氮(T N)的含

量、微生物量碳(S M B2C)和氮(S M B2N)、土壤的蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和脲酶活性以及S M B2C/S OC(土壤有机碳)和S M B2N/

T N比值都高于种植作物的农田土壤;而其代谢商和容重值低于农田土壤。长期施肥的农田(NPK、NPK M、NPK S和

NPK F),其土壤养分含量、微生物量碳和氮以及土壤蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和脲酶活性均高于不施肥的农田(CK);而小麦

(Triticum aestivum)2玉米(Zea mays)→小麦2大豆(G lycine max)复种轮作(NPK F)的农田又高于长期复种连作(NPK)的

农田;在施肥处理中(NPK、NPK M、NPK S和NPK F),长期化肥与有机肥配合施用的处理(NPK M)的土壤上述指标高于

其它施肥处理(NPK、NPK S和NPK F),但其土壤的代谢商、pH值和容重值较低。

关键词　长期肥料试验　施肥制度　土壤微生物量　q C O2　土壤酶活性

BIOLOGICAL PR OPERTIES AN D ENZ YMATIC ACTIVIT Y OF ARAB LE SOI LS AF2

FECTE D B Y LONG2TERM DIFFERENT FERTI LIZATION SYSTEMS

LI U En2K e1,3,ZH AO Bing2Qiang1,33,LI X iu2Y ing1,J I ANG Rui2Bo1,LI Y an2T ing,and HW AT Bing S o2

1Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy o f Agricultural Sciences,Beijing100081,China,2School o f Land and Food Sci2

ences,University o f Queensland,Brisbane,Queensland4072,Australia,and3Institute o f Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,

Chinese Academy o f Agricultural Sciences,Beijing100081,China

Abstract　Aims　Cropping practices and fertilizer/organic matter application affects the s oil microbial growth

and activity.In china,only few studies have been conducted on the in fluence of long2term fertilizer and organ2

ic matter with fertilizer application on the s oil biological properties.Our objective was to study the changes in

s oil biological and biochemical characteristics under a long2term(15years)field experiment inv olving fertility

treatments(inorganic fertilizers and organic matter with fertilizers)and tw o crop rotation systems.

Methods　In1990,thirteen different treatments were established in the Drab Fluv o2aquic s oil in Beijing for

the long2term experiment.Six treatments were chosen in this study.F our were in a wheat2maize rotation re2

ceiving no fertilizer(CK),mineral fertilizers(NPK),mineral fertilizers plus farmyard manure(NPK M)and

mineral fertilizers with maize straw incorporated(NPK S).One was in a wheat2maize/wheat2s oybean rotation

receiving NPK(NPK F).The other was abandoned arable land(CK0)growing weeds.The am ount of chemical

fertilizer per year was N150kg・hm-2,P2O575kg・hm-2,K2O45kg・hm-2,manure22.5Mg・hm-2and

maize straw2.25Mg・hm-2.Established methods were used to analyze s oil enzymes and s oil physical and

chemical characteristics.Analysis was done using an integrative method combining correlation and com ponent

analyses in SPSS.

Important findings　The s oil organic C(S OC)and total N(ST N)content,microbial biomass C(S M B2C)&

N(S M B2N),activities of s oil invertase,phosphatase and urease,and the ratio of S M B2C/S OC and S M B2N/

ST N were found higher in long2term(15years)abandoned arable land than those in cultivated arable land

s oils.H owever,the s oil metabolic quotient,pH value and bulk density of fallow s oil were lower than those in

cultivated arable land s oils.The s oil nutrient concentration,microbial biomass C&N,activities of s oil inver2

tase,phosphatase and urease,were higher in treatments with fertilizer application(NPK,NPK M,NPK S and

NPK F)com pared to no fertilizer application treatment(CK).The above s oil parameters were als o found higher

Ξ 收稿日期:2006210212　接受日期:2007210209

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(30471012)、国家基础研究重大项目前期研究专项(2001CC B00800和2003CC B00300)和中国农业科学院杰出人才基金项目

本文在农业部植物营养与养分循环重点实验室完成

　3通讯作者Author for correspondence　E2mail:bqzhao@s