飞机重着陆参考

重着陆的监控

由于安监部反馈飞机的重着陆事件，假设头天飞机发生重着陆，机组没有报告重着陆（手册上的重着陆检查也说明基于机组的报告）,而安监部对于QAR数据的译码是在飞机第二天飞行以后，这种情况下，飞机处于未执行重着陆特检工卡就放行的状态。因此特意要求MCC主控航后对该数据进行监控。航线如果接到机组报告有可能着陆时发生硬/重着陆，则必须打印LOAD REPORT来核实，并确认非异常着陆后才可以放行。

MCC主要通过FOC系统中的ACARS报文信息来进行，在窗口处输入”A15”来搜索，从而得到以下视图（如果无重着陆事件或者无机组人工打印该报文，则ACARS中不会有该信息出现）：

Report 15就是关于飞机一些着陆以及空中出现颠簸时的参数。

首先我们先明确四种着陆的定义：

(a) Hard landing

A hard landing is a landing with an aircraft weight less than the Maximum landing Weight (MLW) and:

- a vertical acceleration (VertG) equal to or more than 2.6 g and less than 2.86 g at aircraft Center of Gravity (CG) or,

- a vertical speed (RALR) equal to or more than 10 ft/s and less than 14 ft/s.

(b) Severe hard landing

A severe hard landing is a landing with an aircraft weight less than the Maximum landing Weight (MLW) and:

- a vertical acceleration (VertG) equal to or more than 2.86 g at aircraft Center of Gravity (CG) or,

- a vertical speed (RALR) equal to or more than 14 ft/s.

(c) Overweight landing

An overweight landing is a landing with an aircraft weight more than the Maximum landing Weight (MLW) and:

- a vertical acceleration (VertG) equal to or more than 1.7 g and less than 2.6 g at aircraft Center of Gravity (CG) or,

- a vertical speed (RALR) equal to or more than 6 ft/s and less than 13 ft/s.

(d) Severe overweight landing

A severe overweight landing is a landing with an aircraft weight more than the Maximum landing Weight (MLW) and:

- a vertical acceleration (VertG) equal to or more than 2.6 g at aircraft Center of Gravity (CG) or,

- a vertical speed (RALR) equal to or more than 13 ft/s.

以上是硬着陆、严重硬着陆、重着陆、严重重着陆的四个区分标准。

具体我们来参考第二张图中的说明。其中的TRIGGER CODE代表了这个报文是由于什么原因发送的，其中在第一张图中的TRIGGER CODE是1000代表这个是机组人工打印导致发送的，还有别的自动发送的原因如下

- 4100: Excessive Radio Altitude Rate (RALR)

- 4400: Excessive Body Normal Acceleration (VRTA) (compared to the limit at landing) - during +/- 0.5 seconds before and after landing

- 4500: Excessive Body Normal Acceleration (VRTA) (compared to the limit at landing with bounce) - during +/- 0.5 seconds at landing (VRTA > VRTAL1.2) or at bounce (VRTA > VRTAL1.3)

- 4800: Excessive Gross Weight (GW) (compared to Radio Altitude Rate (RALR) - at dataset time at landing

- 4900: Excessive Gross Weight (GW) - compared to Body Normal Acceleration (VRTA) - during +/- 0.5 seconds before and after landing.

当然不只是只有1000，以及4XXX的报文发送方式，还有5XXX的报文是针对空中颠簸的报文，我们先暂时不考虑5XXX。

在报文中有几个关键数据可以方便于我们判断到底发生了多大数据的硬着陆/重着陆。其中S1的RALR代表了着陆前的无线电高度下降速度（第一张图中的RALR=-019,表示