浅谈专业工程造价与成本控制管理中英文翻译

浅谈专业工程造价与成本控制管理中英文翻译
Introduction to professional engineering cost and cost control management in both Chinese and English translation
摘要：市政工程建设与工业工程建设一样，按照国家主管部门的统一规定，将一项建设工程划分为建设项目、单项工程、单位工程、分部工程、分项工程五个等级。

控制与管理市政工程造价的成本关系着一个项目的收益其重要性不言而喻。

本文先谈谈造成市政工程造价成本控制困难的原因，接着提出一套解决性措施，希望能对同行有所启发。

Abstract: the municipal engineering construction and industrial construction projects, in accordance with the unity of the competent department of the state regulations to divide a construction project for the construction project, single items of projects, unit projects, divisions, subdivisional work five grades. Cost control and management of municipal construction cost of the relationship between its importance is self-evident. The profitability of a project This article talk about the causes of difficult control of municipal engineering cost, and then puts forward a set of measures to solve, hope to inspire peers.
关键词：市政工程工程造价成本控制管理策略
Keywords: municipal engineering cost control of construction cost management strategy
一、引言
One, the introduction
市政工程建设与工业工程建设一样，按照国家主管部门的统一规定，将一项建设工程划分为建设项目、单项工程、单位工程、分部工程、分项工程五个等级。

市政工程是国家工程建设的一个重要组成部分，也是城市（镇）发展和建设水平的一个衡量标准。

Municipal engineering construction and industrial engineering construction, according to the unification of the competent department of state regulations, will be a construction project is divided into unit of construction project, construction project, project, subproject, subdivisional work five grades. Municipal engineering is an important part of national engineering construction, also is city (town) is a measure of the level of development and construction.
从投资者角度讲，市政工程造价是一项通过策划、决策、立项、设计、施工等一系列生产经营活动所形成相应的固定资产、无形资产所需用的一次性费用的总和。

控制与管理市政
工程造价的成本对项目收益的重要性不言而喻。

本文先谈谈造成市政工程造价成本控制困难的原因，接着提出一套解决性措施，希望能对同行有所启发。

From the investor point of view, the municipal engineering cost is a through the planning, decision making, project, design, construction and a series of production and business operation activities of the corresponding fixed assets, intangible assets have need the sum of the one-off charges. Construction cost control and management of municipal engineering cost of project benefit the importance of self-evident. This article talk about the causes of difficult control of municipal engineering cost, and then puts forward a set of measures to solve, hope to inspire peers.
二、市政工程造价成本控制困难的原因
Second, the municipal engineering cost cost control difficult
由于市政工程项目的实物形态不一以及产品价格要素的不断变化，导致市政工程产品只能以不同的项目通过各自的程序和方法单独定价，不能统一定价。

原因有以下几个方面：Due to the municipal engineering projects have different physical form elements and product price changing, result in municipal engineering products in different projects can only through their procedures and methods for pricing alone, not unified pricing. Reason has the following several aspects:
（1）市政工程项目建设周期长、程序复杂、环节多、涉及面广，在项目建设周期的不同阶段，构成产品价格的要素差别甚大，因此工程造价也千差万别。

(1) municipal engineering project construction cycle is long, complicated procedure, more links, involve wide, at various stages of the project construction period, constitute the elements of product price difference is very large, so the project cost is different.
（2）市政的每一项工程都有其专门的功能和用途，都是按不同的使用要求、不同的建设规模、标准、造型等，单独设计、单独生产的。

即使用途相同，按同一标准设计和生产的产品，也会因其具体建设地点的水文地质及气候等条件不同引起结构及其他方面的变化。

为了权衡投资效果，就必须对工程产品详细分析后确定造价。

(2) every municipal engineering has its special functions and purposes, are in accordance with the requirements of the use of different, different construction scale and standard, modelling, separate design and production. Even if use the same, according to the same standard design and production of products, also because of its specific construction site hydrology and climate conditions such as different structure and other aspects of the change. In order to weigh the
investment effect, it must be determined after detailed analysis of engineering products cost.
（3）进行市政工程建设时，施工企业要在不同的建设地点组织施工，常常由于不同的自然条件、经济条件使得工程产品的价格要素发生很大变化。

例如地区材料价格、运输条件等对造价产生较大影响。

(3) during the municipal engineering construction, construction enterprises want to be in different locations, often due to different natural conditions, economic conditions make engineering changes a lot factors of price of the product. For example in material price, transportation conditions have great influence on the cost.
正是因为以上几个原因，导致市政专业工程造价不能统一规定，这就给控制市政工程造价成本带来不小的难度。

It is for more than a couple of reasons that lead to municipal engineering cost no unified regulation, this gives some difficulty on the cost control of municipal engineering cost.
三、市政工程造价的成本控制管理
3, the cost control of municipal engineering cost management
虽然市政工程造价不能统一规定，但这不代表不能控制市政工程造价的成本，关键要做到以下几点：
Although the municipal engineering cost no unified regulation, but that doesn't mean that cannot cost control of municipal engineering cost, the key to do the following:
1、认真地做好工程建设项目可行性研究
1, earnestly completes the project construction project feasibility study
为了取得最佳经济效果，建设方要对项目的先进性和经济合理性进行全面系统的分析和科学论证，同时对项目建成投产后的经济效益、社会效益等进行科学预测和评价。

根据项目评价情况，提出该项目投资建设的可行性，以及进行多方案比选并择最佳建设方案等结论性意见，为项目的投资决策提供可靠的依据。

在进行市场研究，编制计划任务书，选择好建设地点的前提下，从管理体制上落实项目法人责任制，从立项开始，一直到建成投产后的生产经营，实行项目全过程责任制。

In order to achieve the best effect of economic, advancement and the economic rationality of project owner to the project to conduct a comprehensive system of analysis and scientific reasoning, as well as the economic benefit and social benefit after the project completed and put into operation and so on carries on the scientific forecast and evaluation. According to project
evaluation, put forward the feasibility of the project investment, construction, and to plan more than conclusive opinion and choose the best construction scheme and so on, provide reliable basis for project investment decisions. In conducting market research, prepare plan task, choose good under the premise of the construction site, from the management system of the implementation of project legal person responsibility system, starting from the project, until after the production of the production and business operation, implements the responsibility system for the whole project process.
2、做好设计阶段的成本控制管理
2, completes the design phase of cost control management
要加强设计人员的经济观念；开展设计方案的优选并保持设计方案的稳定性、严格控制设计变更；推行限额设计，按照限定的投资额进行工程设计；实行设计招投标制等。

通过竞争，督促设计者和设计管理者提高责任心，增加工程造价控制意识，用激励政策来促使他们精心设计，大胆采用新工艺、新材料，不任意提高设计标准和设计规模，一切从控制项目造价的角度出发，使技术和经济最大效益地结合在一起。

Design staff to strengthen the economic concept; To carry out the optimization of design and maintain the stability of the design, the strict control design change; Implementation of quota design, carried out in accordance with the qualified investment engineering design; Implement design bidding system, etc. Through competition, urged designers and design managers to improve the sense of responsibility, increase the project cost control consciousness, and use incentives to motivate them to elaborate design, bold use of new technology, new material, without any increase in design standards and design scale, all from the perspective of control project cost, technology and economy to the greatest benefit together.
3、加强施工阶段的成本控制管理
3, strengthen the management of construction stage of cost control
建设项目的投资主要发生在施工阶段。

在这个阶段中再节约投资的因素已经较为有限，但浪费投资的可能性却很大。

因此加强施工阶段的工程成本控制也非常重要。

一是工程招投标阶段，在招标文件编制时，就要对不同类型的工程和不同的施工环境，分别列出可利用的条件、可节省投资的渠道，让投标单位在编制报价时能充分考虑这些因素，降低工程造价。

在工程开标时要有一定比例工程造价方面的专家参加评标，从工程报价的计算、承包的范围、措施工程的立项是否合理、有无留下结算活口等方面把好关，在承包合同签订依据上控制工
程造价。

二是进行施工方案优化，缩短工期。

市政工程项目多、类别多，要求标准各异，要对其进行严格的成本控制。

Construction project investment mainly in construction stage. In this stage to save investment has been limited, but the possibility of wasting investment is very large. So to strengthen the construction phase of the project cost control is also very important. It is project bidding stage, in the tender documentation, will be of different types of engineering and construction environment, lists the available conditions, can save investment channels, let the tendering units can fully consider these factors when compiling quotation, reduce project cost. In engineering when opening bids must have certain proportion experts to participate in the evaluation of engineering cost, from engineering quotation calculation, the scope of the contract, the measures of science and engineering project reasonable, do you have any left clearing the mouth shut good etc., on the contract is signed according to control the project cost. Second is to optimize construction scheme and shorten the construction period. Municipal engineering project, category, require different standards, to carry on the strict cost control.
4、加强工程竣工验收阶段的成本控制管理
4, strengthen the management of the project completion acceptance stage of cost control 竣工验收阶段对工程造价管理的重点应放在对工程结算、决算的控制上。

第一要对结算资料的真实性和合理性进行严格审查，防止不应由基本建设支出的费用摊入基建成本。

第二要对工程结算依据进行核对，包括施工图纸和说明、承包合同和协议、投标书和可调整的范围、现场签证等内容，保证所用资料的合理性和真实性。

The completion acceptance stage of the project cost management should focus on the control of the construction settlement and final accounts. First to the settlement data authenticity and rationality of strict censorship, prevent should not be built by basic expenditures stand into the construction cost. Second to according to check the engineering settlement, including the construction drawings and specifications, the contract and agreement, tender and adjustable range, on-site visa, etc, to ensure the rationality and authenticity of the materials used.
以上几点就是管理市政专业工程造价控制的主要措施，这是一项系统工程，要从多方面入手才能见到明显成效，取得最大的经济效益和社会效益！
Above is to manage the municipal engineering cost control measures, this is a system engineering, should start from several aspects to see the obvious effect, to achieve maximum economic benefits
and social benefits.
参考文献
references
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