上海交大医学院名词解释-英文翻译

细胞生物学名词（2007）
中文English
1生物大分子biomacromolecule
2肽键peptide bond
3常染色质euchromatin
4异染色质heterochromatin
5组蛋白 histon
6核小体heterochromatin
7半保留复制 semiconservative replication 8基因表达gene expression
9转录transcription
10翻译translation
11中心法则central dogma
12冈崎片段okazaki fragments
13有意义链（基因链）antigene strand
14反意义链（反基因链）antisense strand
15蛋白质糖基化protein glycosylation
16多核糖体polyribosome
17细胞质内含物cytoplasmic inclusions
18异体吞噬泡heterophagic vacuole
19自体吞噬泡autophagic vacuole
20质子动力势poroton-motive force
21氧化磷酸化oxidative phosphorylation 22基粒elementary particle
23电子传递链（呼吸链）electron transport chain
24亲水脂分子amphipathic molecules
25细胞骨架cytoskeleton
26微管组织中心microtubule organizing center, MTOC 27细胞连接cell junction
28紧密连接tight junction
29锚定连接anchoring junction
30黏合斑adhesion plaque
31桥粒desmosome
32通讯连接communicating junction
33间隙连接gap junction
34细胞黏附分子cell adhesion molecule
35基膜basal lamina
36细胞外基质extracellular matrix
37载体蛋白carrier protein
38通道蛋白channel protein
39主动运输active transport
40被动运输passive transport
41偶联载体coupled carrier
42蛋白质分选protein sorting
43翻译后转运post-translational translocation
44共翻译转运co-translational translocation
45门控运输gated transport
46穿膜运输transmembrane transport
47小泡运输vesicular transport
48信号肽signal peptide
49信号斑signal patch
50胞吞途径endocytic pathway
51受调分泌regulated secretory pathway
52固有分泌constitutive secretory pathway 53吞噬作用phagocytosis
54细胞通讯cell communication
55信号转导signaling
56第二信使second messenger
57酶偶联受体enzyme-linked receptor
58分子开关molecular switch
59细胞增殖周期cell cycle
60细胞周期检查点check point
61纺锤体spindle
62细胞周期蛋白cyclin
63周期蛋白依赖性激酶cyclin-dependent kinases ，Cdk 64干细胞stem cell
65细胞分化cell differentiation
66管家基因house keeping gene
67奢侈基因luxury gene
68细胞衰老cell aging/ cell senecence
69细胞凋亡apoptosis
70Hayflick极限Hayflick limit。