外文翻译--温室控制系统

Greenhouse control system
one, automatic ing the computer technology and the modern control theory to the greenhouse each kind of environment factor,including the temperature, the illumination,the humidity, the CO2 density and applies fertilizer and so on, carries on the automatic control and adjusts into the greenhouse control the fundamental mode. According to the greenhouse crops' habit of growth and the market need, the part even completely gets rid of the natural environment the restraint, makes the artificial creation being suitable crops to grow the best environment automatic control technological means to become the mainstream. This time's greenhouse has the quite complete control system, has each kind of sensor to gather the greenhouse environmental data, the supervisory system real-time monitor environmental variation and the control implementing agency movement,the good man-machine contact surface causes grower's operating process image moreover to be simple. This kind of control system needs the grower to input the greenhouse crops to grow needs the environment the target component, the computer with the target value which establishes beforehand carries on the comparison according to sensor's actual observed value, decided that the greenhouse environment factor the controlled process, the control corresponding organization carries on the heating, to decrease temperature and to ventilate and so on movements.The computer automatic control's greenhouse control technology has realized the production automation, suits the formalization production, the labor productivity has the enhancement. Through changes the greenhouse environment hypothesis target value, may carry on the greenhouse inner rim boundary climate control automatically, but this control mode makes the response promptly with difficulty to the crops growth condition's change, involves the inherent laws which with difficulty the crops grow. At present our country major part independent development's large-scale modernized greenhouse and the introduction overseas equipment belongs to this control mode.
Second, intellectualized control. This is in the greenhouse automatic control technology and in the production practice foundation, through the summary, the collection agriculture domain knowledge, the technology and each kind of tentative data constructs the expert system, take establishes the plant growth the mathematical model as the theory basis, one kind which the research develops the greenhouse expert control system technology which suits the different crops to grow. This kind of intellectualization's control technology the agronomist system and the greenhouse automatic control technology organic synthesis, takes by the greenhouse combined environment factor gathering and the analysis object, through expert system's consultation and the decision-making, gives the best environment parameter which the different time crops grow need, and rests on this optimum parameter to the data which real-time obtains to carry on fuzzy
processing, the automatic selection is reasonable, the optimized adjustment scheme, the control implementing agency's corresponding movement,realizes the greenhouse intellectualized management and the production. The agronomist system has provided one brand-new processing complex agriculture question thinking method and the technological means for us. It can act according to the greenhouse environmental condition and the crops growth condition, applies the suitable knowledge expression and the regularization, the inference decision-making leaves most suits the greenhouse environment which the crops grow. Applies the agronomist system in the greenhouse real-time monitoring and the automatic regulation is the greenhouse development new luminescent spot. This control mode both can manifest the inherent laws which the crops grow, the display agronomist's in agricultural production instruction function, and may use the computer technology fully the superiority,causes system's regulation to be convenient and effective,realizes the greenhouse complete intellectualized control. Therefore, the greenhouse expert control system technology is one kind is quite ideal, the comparison to have the career development control mode. Modern large-scale greenhouse to achieve intelligent control, computer control system must have natural ventilation system, external shading systems, internal insulation and finish systems, wet curtain / fan forced cooling system, CO2 Air System, micro-mist system, premium optical system, irrigation/ fertilization system, breeding system, top-spray system, heating system, plant protection systems, lighting systems, picking systems equipment. As a vector control greenhouse control system from the controller's advanced and reliable performance of the sensor, a sound-art control procedures, such as printers and monitors, to achieve the above-mentioned greenhouse equipment to monitor the optimal operation. Chang ring developed automated control system to automatic measurement of greenhouse climate and soil parameters, and all greenhouse equipment can be configured to achieve optimal operation of automatic control, such as windows, heating, cooling, humidity, light, CO2 supplemented irrigation,fertilization,and circulation and so on. Chang ring greenhouse developed intelligent control system closed-loop control method of outdoor wind speed, wind direction,sunlight radiation,temperature and indoor temperature and humidity factors, such as collection, processing through the controller will control the outcome of return to the scene and adjust the scene implementing agencies, the climatic factors on the indoor real-time control implementation, in order to guarantee the control of the reliability of precision and control. Intelligent control system of greenhouse greenhouse environment control process parameters and operating parameters of the executing agency and other information through the sensor into electrical signals sent to the computer,the agricultural expert system based on different crops at different times of the physiological needs of crop growth in different periods of time set automatically temperature, humidity, light and CO2 concentration as an ideal range of the best
data and the actual testing data and deviations from the ideal data for the regulation of the amount of greenhouse gases. When the greenhouse temperature deviation over the upper limit set, the issue of regulation of computer instructions, the executing agency to open the ventilation cooling system; if the greenhouse temperature below the set minimum deviation, the issue of regulation of computer instructions, open the ventilation system; when the humidity is lower than for Humidity will be under the limit, the issue of regulation of computer instructions, open the humidification heating system; when CO2 concentrations exceeding the range limit, the computer automatically switches ventilation system and the CO2 generator. Greenhouse control system intelligent greenhouse prospects for the development of strategies for sustainable development in the open, under the guidance of the new direction of agriculture. Crop yields from the point of view, it has a high output value per unit area; on environmental protection point of view, it can not only output clean fruits and vegetables, and as a result of precise control of chemical fertilizers and other additives used also to avoid the on soil and groundwater pollution. Greenhouse vegetable production has been extended from the flowers, fruits and livestock, aquaculture, forest nursery, mushroom, Chinese herbal medicine and other fields. The modernization of China's greenhouse, with the exception of intelligent control systems, the basic hardware system to achieve synchronization with the international level.Can be seen that the agricultural expert system applied to real-time greenhouse monitoring and automatic control technology is no doubt a new bright spot in the greenhouse, the greenhouse is also a trend in the development of control technology. Its development potential and application of a large space, the actual production of the farmers are very important guiding significance. Meet the needs of the greenhouse production and ease the contradiction between the lack of experts in the field, thereby greatly improving the conversion rate of science and technology,in place and the penetration rate.
温室控制系统
一、自动控制。

利用计算机技术及现代控制理论对温室内的各种环境因子，包括温度、光照、湿度、CO2 浓度和施肥等，进行自动控制和调节成为温室控制的主要方式。

根据温室作物的生长习性和市场的需要，部分甚至完全摆脱自然环境的约束，使人为创造适宜作物生长最佳环境的自动控制技术手段成为主流。

此时的温室有比较完整的控制系统，有各种传感器采集温室环境数据，监控系统实时监测环境变化及控制执行机构的动作，良好的人机界面使种植者的操作过程形象而且简便。

这种控制系统需要种植者输入温室作物生长所需环境的目标参数，计算机根据传感器的实际测量值与事先设定的目标值进行比较，以决定温室环境因子的控制过程，控制相应机构进行加热、降温和通风等动作。

计算机自动控制的温室控制技术实现了生产自动化，适合规模化生产，劳动生产率得到提高。

通过改变温室环境设定目标值，可以自动地进行温室内环境气候调节，但是这种控制方式对作物生长状况的改变难以及时作出反应，难以介入作物生长的内在规律。

目前我国绝大部分自主开发的大型现代化温室及引进的国外设备都属于这
种控制方式。

二、智能化控制。

这是在温室自动控制技术和生产实践的基础上，通过总结、收集农业领域知识、技术和各种试验数据构建专家系统，以建立植物生长的数学模型为理论依据，研究开发出的一种适合不同作物生长的温室专家控制系统技术。

这种智能化的控制技术将农业专家系统与温室自动控制技术有机结合，以温室综合环境因子作为采集与分析对象，通过专家系统的咨询与决策，给出不同时期作物生长所需要的最佳环境参数，并且依据此最佳参数对实时测得的数据进行模糊处理，自动选择合理、优化的调整方案，控制执行机构的相应动作，实现温室的智能化管理与生产。

农业专家系统为我们提供了一种全新的处理复杂农业问题的思想方法和技术手段。

它能够根据温室环境条件和作物生长状况，应用适当的知识表达和规则化，推理决策出最适合作物生长的温室环境。

将农业专家系统应用于温室的实时监控与自动调控是温室发展的新亮点。

这种控制方式既能体现作物生长的内在规律，发挥农业专家在农业生产中的指导作用，又可充分利用计算机技术的优势，使系统的调控非常方便和有效，实现温室的完全智能化控制。

因此，温室专家控制系统技术是一种比较理想、比较有发展前途的控制方式。

现代化大型温室实现智能化控制，必须具备计算机控制系统、自然通风系统、外遮阳系统、内保温系统、湿帘/风扇强制降温系统、CO2补气系统、微雾系统、补光系统、灌溉/施肥系统、育苗系统、顶喷淋系统、加热系统、植保系统、照明系统、采摘系统等配套设备。

而作为温室控制载体的控制系统则由先进的控制器、性能可靠的传感器、完善的尖端控制程序、打印机和显示器等组成，以实现对上述温
室配套设备的优化运行监控。

畅响公司开发的自动化控制系统能够自动测量温室的气候和土壤参数，并对温室内配置的所有设备均能实现优化运行自动控制，如开窗、加温、降温、加湿、光照、CO2 补充、灌溉、施肥和环流等。

畅响公司开发的智能温室控制系统采用闭环控制方法，对室外风速、风向、日照辐射、温度及室内的温湿度等因素进行采集，通过控制器处理后，将控制结果返回到现场，调节现场的执行机构，对室内的气候因素实施实时控制，以此来保证控制的精度及控制的可靠性。

智能温室控制系统的控制过程温室中环境参数及执行机构工作参数等信息通过各传感器转变成电信号传送到计算机，农业专家系统根据不同作物在不同时期的生理需要，在作物生长的不同时期自动设定温度、湿度、光照和CO2 浓度等的最佳值域作为理想数据，并将实际检测数据与理想数据的偏差作为温室气候的调节量。

当温室内的温度超过设定偏差上限，计算机发出调节指令，执行机构打开通风降温系统;如果温室内温度低于设定偏差下限，计算机发出调节指令，打开通风换气系统;当湿度低于设定湿度的下限时，计算机发出调节指令，打开加湿加温系统;当CO2 浓度超出限定值域时，计算机自动开关通风换气系统和CO2 发生器。

温室控制系统的发展前景智能化温室是在可持续发展战略指导下开辟的农业新方向。

从作物产量角度来看，它具有很高的单位面积产出值;就环境保护角度而言，它不仅可以产出清洁的瓜果蔬菜，而且由于精确控制化肥及其它添加剂的用量，也避免了对土壤和地下水的污染。

温室生产己从蔬菜扩展到了花卉、瓜果以及畜禽、水产养殖、林木育苗、食用菌、中草药等领域。

目前我国的现代化温室，除智能化控制系统外，硬件系统基本达到与国际同步的水平。

可见，将农业专家系统应用于温室的实时监控与自动调控技术无疑是温室发展的新亮点，也是温室控制技术发展的大势所趋。

其发展潜力及应用空间大，对农民的实际生产有很重要的指导意义。

既满足了温室生产的需要，又缓解了领域专家缺乏的矛盾，从而大大提高了科学技术的转化率、到位率和普及率。