中山大学基础英语2014(638)
B卷(638)
第四单元达标测试卷时间：60分钟满分：100分题号,一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,九,总分得分,,,,,,,,,,基础达标我会做(25分)一汉字城堡(11分)1．根据拼音写词语。
(7分)礼堂里，花圈如海，庄严肃穆。
人们的ǎn pá( )上挂着泪水，tò dào( )为保护群众安全而 zāo yù( )歹徒枪击英勇牺牲的警察。
遇难警察刚刚ái yùn( )的 qī ( )早已泣不成声。
是啊，这样一位具有rén ài( )之心的好警察，怎能不得到群众的拥护和ài dài ( )呢。
2．下列加点字注音完全正确的一组是( )(2分)A．舷窗(án) 不懈(è) 呼吁(xū)B．携带(é) 应邀(yī) 边疆(ā)C．无垠 (yín) 稚气(ì) 遭遇(zāo)3．给下列词语中的加点字选择正确的读音。
(2分)呜咽( ) 狼吞虎咽( )咽喉要道( ) 咽炎( )二词语广场(8分)1．用“——”画出下列词语中的错别字并改正。
(4分)沧海一栗( ) 掩耳盗玲( ) 刻舟求箭( ) 谈笑风声( ) 振耳欲聋( ) 兴喜若狂( ) 烂竽充数( ) 守珠待兔( )2．“挺”字若用音序查字法，应先查，音节是；若用部首查字法，应该先查，再查画。
该字在字典里的解释有：A.硬而直；B.勉强支撑；C.很；D.量词。
在下列句子中，“挺”应分别选择哪个解释？请把正确答案的字母填在括号里。
(4分)(1)松树挺立在风雪中。
( )(2)他有病还硬挺着上班。
( )(3)院子里的月季花挺香的。
( )(4)八连在战斗中缴获了敌人五挺机枪。
( )三句子花园(6分)1．恩科西说：“人们不应该对艾滋病人另眼相看，我们需要关爱，拥抱艾滋病儿童是不会被传染的。
”(改成转述句)2．那些盛开的花朵多像儿子红扑扑的脸庞啊！这句话用了的修辞，我会仿写3．邓小平爷爷与大海同在，与祖国同在，与人民同在。
中山大学638基础英语考研专业课真题及答案
中山大学考研历年真题解析——638基础英语主编：弘毅考研编者：静水流深弘毅教育出品【资料说明】《基础英语历年真题解析（专业课）》系中山大学优秀基础英语考研辅导团队集体编撰的“历年考研真题解析系列资料”之一。
历年真题是除了参考教材之外的最重要的一份资料，其实，这也是我们聚团队之力，编撰此资料的原因所在。
历年真题除了能直接告诉我们历年考研试题中考了哪些内容、哪一年考试难、哪一年考试容易之外，还能告诉我们很多东西。
1.命题风格与试题难易第一眼看到中山大学历年试题的同学，都觉得试题看起来“简单”。
其实，这也是很多学生选择中山大学的原因吧。
中山大学的试题不偏、不怪，80% 的题型都和专八的题型一致。
这不同于一些学校的试题，比如北京大学，基础英语的考题就是两篇长翻译加一道作文题，完全考查考生的语言功底。
中山大学的试题，不管你复习的怎么样，一般都能答上一点，至于能答到什么程度，则因人而异。
其实，“试题很基础”----“试题很简单”----“能得高分”根本不是一回事。
试题很基础，所以每个学生都能答上一二，但是想得高分，就要比其他学生强，要答出别人答不出来的东西。
要答出别人答不出来的东西，这容易吗？大家不要被试题表象所迷惑。
很多学生考完，感觉超好，可成绩出来却不到100分，很大程度上就是这个原因：把考的基础当成考的简单。
其实这很像武侠小说中的全真教，招式看似平淡无奇，没有剑走偏锋的现象，但是如果没有扎实的基础和深厚的内功是不会成为大师的。
我们只能说命题的风格是侧重考察基础的知识，但是，我们要答出亮点，让老师给你高分，这并不容易。
2.考试题型与分值大家要了解有哪些题型，每个题型的分值。
从最近几年看，中山大学的题目基本上包含阅读理解，改错部分和文化部分的客观题，及作文，翻译部分的主观题。
很多学生平时喜欢做选择题，不想写，这种方法对阅读理解等客观题的准备来说是可以接受的，到考试的时候碰到主观题就会傻眼。
每个题型的分值是不一样的，一个阅读理解的选项2分，一道改错题1分，可一道翻译题就是20分。
2012年中山大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷.doc
2012年中山大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷(总分：78.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：40.00)Without some appreciation of common large numbers, it"s impossible to react with the proper skepticism to terrifying reports that more than a million American kids are kidnapped each year, or with the proper sobriety to a warhead carrying a megaton of explosive power—the equivalent of a million tons(or two billion pounds)of TNT. And if you don"t have some feeling for probabilities, automobile accidents might seem a relatively minor problem of local travel, whereas being killed by terrorists might seem to be a major risk when going overseas. As often observed, however, the 45, 000 people killed annually on American roads are approximately equal in number to all Americans dead in the Vietnam War. On the other hand, the seventeen Americans killed by terrorists in 1985 were among the 28 million of us who traveled abroad that year—that"s one chance in 1. 6 million of becoming a victim. Compare that with these annual rates in the United States; one chance in 68, 000 of choking to death; one chance in 75 , 000 of dying in a bicycle crash; one chance in 20, 000 of drowning; and one chance in only 5, 300 of dying in a car crash. Confronted with these large numbers and with the correspondingly small probabilities associated with them, the innumerate will inevitably respond with the non sequitur, * "Yes, but what if you"re that one, " and then nod knowingly, as if they"ve demolished your argument with penetrating insight. This tendency to personalize is a characteristic of many who suffer from innumeracy. Equally typical is a tendency to equate the risk from some obscure and exotic malady with the chances of suffering from heart and circulatory disease, from which about 12, 000 Americans die each week. There"s a joke I like that"s marginally relevant. An old married couple in their nineties contact a divorce lawyer, who pleads with them to stay together. "Why get divorced now after seventy years of marriage?" The little old lady finally pipes up in a creaky voice: "We wanted to wait until the children were dead. " A feeling for what quantities or time spans are appropriate in various contexts is essential to getting the joke. Slipping between millions and billions or between billions and trillions should in this sense be equally funny, but it isn"t, because we too often lack an intuitive grasp for these numbers. A recent study by Drs. Kronlund and Phillips of the University of Washington showed that most doctors" assessments of the risks of various operations, procedures, and medications(even in their own specialties)were way off the mark, often by several orders of magnitude. I once had a conversation with a doctor who, within approximately 20 minutes, stated that a certain procedure he was contemplating(a)had a one-chance-in-a-million risk associated with it;(b)was 99 percent safe; and(c)usually went quite well. Given the fact that so many doctors seem to believe that there must be at least eleven people in the waiting room if they"re to avoid being idle, I"m not surprised at this new evidence of their innumeracy. *A non sequitur is a statement that does not follow logically from previous statements.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following can be inferred to be the author"s view of the " reports that more than a million American kids are kidnapped each year"(Paragraph 1)?（分数：2.00）A.They are typical examples of American journalism.B.They are evidence of a terrible problem that must be addressed.C.They are probably untrue.D.They demonstrate an American obsession with statistics.(2).The list of probabilities cited in Paragraph 2 is intended to illustrate______.（分数：2.00）A.that probability can be used in many different ways in everyday lifeB.that terrorism is far less a threat to Americans than many other common dangersC.that the world is filled with many dangersD.that a knowledge of probability can help Americans decide where to travel most safely abroad(3).Which of the following is NOT an element of the discussion in this passage?（分数：2.00）A.A refutation of a scientific theory.B.A personal recollection.C.A reference to an authoritative study.D.A discussion of a common misconception.(4).What is the author"s view of the "penetrating insight" mentioned in Line 3 , Paragraph 3?（分数：2.00）A.It is the result of careful analysis.B.It is illogical.C.It demolishes a statistical argument.D.It does not sufficiently personalize the situation being discussed.(5).The author mentions the time span of "approximately 20 minutes"(Line 4, Paragraph 6)in order to emphasize______.（分数：2.00）A.the doctor"s inability to appreciate relevant time spansB.the comparison with the elderly couple in the preceding jokeC.the frequency with which the doctor contradicted himselfD.the common need to approximate rather than use precise numbersThere is a canal two rods wide along the northerly and westerly sides of the pond, and wider still at the east end. A great field of ice has cracked off from the main body. I hear a song sparrow singing from the bushes on the shore. He too is helping to crack it. How handsome the great sweeping curves in the edge of the ice, answering somewhat to those of the shore, but more regular! It is unusually hard, owing to the recent severe but transient cold, and all watered or waved like a palace floor. But the wind slides eastward over its opaque surface in vain, till it reaches the living surface beyond. It is glorious to behold this ribbon of water sparkling in the sun, the bare face of the pond full of glee and youth, as if it spoke the joy of the fishes within it, and of the sands on its shore. The change from storm and winter to serene and mild weather, from dark and sluggish hours to bright and elastic ones, is a memorable crisis which all things proclaim. It is seemingly instantaneous at last. Suddenly an influx of light filled my house, though the evening was at hand, and the clouds of winter still overhung it, and the eaves were dripping with sleety rain. I looked out the window, and look! Where yesterday was cold gray ice there lay the transparent pond already calm and full of hope as in a summer evening reflecting a summer evening sky in its bosom, though none was visible overhead. The pitch pines and shrub oaks about my house, which had so long drooped suddenly resumed their several characters, looked brighter, greener, and more erect and alive, as if effectually cleansed and restored by the rain.I know that it would not rain any more. You may tell by looking at any twig of the forest, aye, at your very woodpile, whether its winter is past or not. As it grew darker, I was startled by the honking of geese flying low over the woods, like weary travelers getting in late from southern lakes, and indulging at last in unrestrained complaint and mutual consolation. Standing at my door, I could hear the rush of their wings; when, driving toward my house, they suddenly spied my light, and with hushed clamor wheeled and settled in the pond. In the morning I watched the geese from the door through the mist, sailing in the middle of the pond, fifty rods off, large and tumultuous. But when I stood on the shore they at once rose up with great flapping of wings at the signal of their commander, and when they had got into rank circled about over my head, twenty-nine of them, and then steered straight to Canada, with a regular honk from the leader at intervals. A plump of ducks rose at the same time and took the route to the north in the wake of their noisier cousins. For a week I heard the circling groping clangor of some solitary goose in the foggy mornings, seeking its companion, and still peopling the woods with the sound of a larger life than they could sustain. In April the pigeons were seen again flying express in smallflocks, and in due time I heard the martins twittering over my clearing, though it had not seemed that the township contained so many that it could afford me any, and I fancied that they were peculiarly of the ancient race that dwelt in hollow trees ere white men came. In almost all climes the tortoise and the frog are among the precursors and herald of this season, and birds fly with song and glancing plumage, and plants spring and bloom, and winds blow to correct this slight oscillation of the poles and preserve the equilibrium of Nature. As every season seems best to us in its turn, so the coming in of spring is like creation of Cosmos out of Chaos and the realization of the Golden Age.（分数：14.00）(1).From the passage, one can infer that the______.（分数：2.00）A.geese are backB.martins are singingC.woodpile is well stockedD.pond is melting(2).The overall purpose of this passage seems to be the narrator"s______.（分数：2.00）A.desire to sound poeticB.delight to see the pond waterC.description of the bird life around himD.celebration of the oncoming season(3).What is the predominant literary device used throughout this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Personification.B.Restrained description.C.Bombastic narration.D.Rhetorical question.(4).The tone of this passage can best be described as______.（分数：2.00）A.colloquialrmativeC.unrestrainedD.poetic(5).The narrator describes the water as all of the following EXCEPT______.（分数：2.00）A.a canal two rods wideB.a reflection of the skyC.a mirror of his soulD.a transparent pond(6).The geese are best characterized through a series of______.（分数：2.00）A.similes and metaphorsB.aural and visual imagesC.emotional reflectionsD.unrelated impressions(7).Which is a subject not treated in this passage?（分数：2.00）A.The connectedness of people to nature.B.The innocence of mankind.C.The cyclical certainty of nature.D.The glory of a long-awaited event.I received Everett"s Life of Washington which you sent me, and enjoyed its perusal. How his spirit would be grieved could he see the wreck of his mighty labors! I will not, however, permit myself to believe, until all ground of hope is gone, that the fruit of his noble deeds will be destroyed, and that his precious advice and virtuous example will so soon be forgotten by his countrymen. As far as I can judge by the papers, we are between a state of anarchy and civil war. May God avert both of these evils from us! I see that four states had declared themselves out of the Union;four more will apparently follow their example. Then, if the border states are brought into the gulf of revolution, one half of the country will be arrayed against the other. I must try and be patient and await the end, for I can do nothing to hasten or retard it. The South, in my opinion, has been aggrieved by the acts of the North, as you say. I feel the aggression and am willing to take every proper step for redress. It is the principle I contend for, not individual or private benefit. As an American citizen, I take great pride in my country, her prosperity and institutions, and would defend any state if her rights were invaded. But I can anticipate no greater calamity for the country than a dissolution of the Union. It would be an accumulation of all the evils we complain of, and I am willing to sacrifice everything but honor for its preservation. I hope, therefore, that all constitutional means will be exhausted before there is a resort to force. Secession is nothing but revolution. The framers of our Constitution never exhausted so much labor, wisdom, and forbearance in its formation, and surrounded it with so many guards and securities, for it was intended to be broken by every member of the Confederacy at will. It was intended for " perpetual union, " so expressed in the preamble, and for the establishment of a government, not a compact, which can only be dissolved by revolution or the consent of all the people in convention assembled. It is idle to talk of secession. Anarchy would have been established, and not a government, by Washington, Hamilton, Jefferson, Madison, and the other patriots of the Revolution ... Still, a Union that can only be maintained by swords and bayonets, and in which strife and civil war are to take the place of brotherly love and kindness, has no charm for me.I shall mourn for my country and for the welfare and progress of mankind. If the Union is dissolved, I shall return to my native state and share the miseries of my people; and, save in defense, will draw my sword on none.（分数：16.00）(1).The " he" the speaker refers to in the opening paragraph is______.（分数：2.00）A.Everett, author of Life of WashingtonB.General Robert E.LeeC.George WashingtonD.the president in office when the selection was written, Abraham Lincoln(2).The narrator"s attitude toward George Washington is that he______.（分数：2.00）A.admires Washington for his personal traits but recognizes that his style of leadership is ill-suited to the present conflictB.understands that Washington is aggrieved by the acts of the NorthC.praises Washington as a man of great actions, fine advice, and unshakable ethicsD.believes that Washington has contributed to the present state of anarchy and civil war(3).Based on his description of George Washington, we can infer that the narrator/speaker______.（分数：2.00）A.admires people of noble character and sought such greatness of spirit himselfB.has great inner strength but shies away from physical confrontationC.is intolerant of anyone who does not meet his exacting standards of behaviorD.is humble in the face of adversity but fully believes that he will be as famous as Washington one day(4).From his remarks, we can infer that the speaker______.（分数：2.00）A.is a Northerner who strongly believes that the South has been wronged by the North in the present conflictB.loves his country but not its leadersC.is loyal but only to the point of actual war; then he will lay down his arms and be a martyrD.is highly patriotic(5).What conclusion can you draw about the speaker"s character from the conclusion?（分数：2.00）A.He is devoted to his state, but hates war.B.He is a natural leader who has much experience with public service.C.He is judgmental and rigid.D.He is cowardly and faint-of-heart.(6).The thesis or main idea of the passage is that______.（分数：2.00）A.people must take up arms in defense of their country; to do any less is cowardiceB.the Union is being tested by wrongs committed by both the North and the SouthC.the Union will always endure, no matter what happensD.anarchy is a healthy state because it leads to positive change(7).Based on its point of view, tone, form, and content, this passage is most likely an excerpt from a______.（分数：2.00）A.public speechB.journal or diary entryC.short storyD.letter(8).The author"s diction can best be characterized as______.（分数：2.00）A.formal and precisermal and relaxedC.mediocre but educatedD.colloquial and informal二、句子改错(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Correct the mistakes in the following sentences: underline the wrong parts and put the correct ones in the brackets. If there is no error, use a √ or write "No error" on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)The lack of progress in international relations reveals that governments must study the art of diplomacy much closer.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.Before the curtain rose, Anthony wished that he were back in bed, only dreaming about performing in front of hundreds of strangers rather than actually doing it.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Caravaggio demonstrated the great range of his artistic talent in such paintings as "Bacchus" and "Basket of Fruit, " painted in 1593 and 1596, respectfully.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.James, like many parents, believes that if a child can read at a very young age, he/she will grow to have exceptional literary talent.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.Grizzly bears rarely show aggression toward humans, but they will protect their territory from anyone whom they would have considered to be a threat.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________6.Andre told the board that both the fund deficit and the disillusionment of the investors werea problem that had to be addressed immediately.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.Just when those who were observing the heart transplant procedure assumed the worst, the surgeons themselves are most confident.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.Since 2001, the company has spent more on employee training than it did in the previous 10 years combined.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.Some doctors believe that taking vitamins on a daily basis help decrease a patient"s susceptibility to infection.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________10.When the window was opened, the affects of the cool spring breeze were felt immediately by the uncomfortable workers.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________写作11.Consider carefully the issue discussed below, and then write an essay that answers the question posed in the task. Oscar Wilde once said that the only thing worse than being talked about was not being talked about. Today it seems we have taken this witticism to its logical extreme. Some people make their lives as " personalities" whose only job is to get their names in the media. They lack any discernible talents except self-promotion. Assignment: You are required to write an essay of about at least 400 words in which you answer the question " Is fame a good thing or a bad thing? " and discuss your point of view on this issue. Support your position logically with examples from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and technology, current events, or your experience or observation. You are required to support your arguments with relevant information and examples based on your own ideas, knowledge and experience. Marks will be awarded for Content, Organization, Grammar, and Appropriateness. Failure to follow the instruction will result in a loss of marks.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________四、英译汉(总题数：1，分数：2.00)12.Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) Montaigne fully accepted human weaknesses and understood that no philosophy could be effective unless it took into account our deeply ingrained imperfections, the limitations of our rationality, the flaws that make us human. It is not that he was ahead of his time; it would be better said that the later scholars(advocating rationality)were backward. He was a thinking fellow, and his ideas did not spring up in his tranquil study, but while on horseback. He went on long fides and came back with ideas. He was never a dogmatist: he was a skeptic with charm, a fallible * , personal, introspective writer, and, primarily, someone who, in the great classical tradition, wanted to be a man. fallible; able to make mistakes（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、汉译英(总题数：1，分数：2.00)13.Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) 剪纸是中国民间一门有着近千年历史的独特艺术。
(NEW)中山大学外国语学院《638基础英语》历年考研真题及详解
目 录2003年中山大学外国语学院352基础英语考研真题及详解2004年中山大学外国语学院352基础英语考研真题及详解2005年中山大学外国语学院352基础英语考研真题及详解2006年中山大学外国语学院348基础英语考研真题及详解2007年中山大学外国语学院738基础英语考研真题及详解2008年中山大学外国语学院616基础英语考研真题及详解2009年中山大学外国语学院628基础英语考研真题及详解2010年中山大学外国语学院622基础英语考研真题及详解2011年中山大学外国语学院632基础英语考研真题及详解2012年中山大学外国语学院632基础英语考研真题及详解2013年中山大学外国语学院637基础英语考研真题及详解2014年中山大学外国语学院638基础英语考研真题及详解2015年中山大学外国语学院638基础英语考研真题及详解2016年中山大学外国语学院637基础英语考研真题及详解2017年中山大学外国语学院638基础英语考研真题及详解2018年中山大学外国语学院638基础英语考研真题及详解2003年中山大学外国语学院352基础英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Reading (30%)Green Wave Washes Over Mainstream Shopping Research in Britain has shown that “green consumers” continue to flourish as a significant group among shoppers. This suggests that politicians who claim environmentalism is yesterday’s issue may be seriously misjudging the public mood.A report from Mintel, the market research organization, says that despite recession and financial pressures, more people than ever want to buy environmentally friendly products and a “green wave” has swept through consumerism, taking in people previously untouched by environmental concerns. The recently published report also predicts that the process will repeat itself with “ethical” concerns, involving issues such as fair trade with the Third World and the social record of businesses. Companies will have to be more honest and open in response to this mood.Mintel’s survey, based on nearly 1,000 consumers, found that the proportion who look for green products and are prepared to pay more for them has climbed from 53 percent in 1990 to around 60 percent in 1994. On average, they will pay 13 percent more for such products, although this percentage is higher among women, managerial and professional groups and those aged 35 to 44.Between 1990 and 1994 the proportion of consumers claiming to be unaware of or unconcerned about green issues fell from 18 to 10 percent but the number of green spender among older people and manual workers has risen substantially. Regions such as Scotland have also caught up with the south of England in their environmental concerns. According to Mintel, the image of green consumerism as associated in the past with the more eccentric members of society has virtually disappeared. The consumer research manager for Mintel, Angela Hughes, said it had become firmly established as a mainstream market. She explained that as far as the average person is concerned environmentalism has not “gone off the boil”. In fact, it has spread across a much wider range of consumer groups, ages and occupations.Mintel’s 1994 survey found that 13 percent of consumers are “very dark green”, nearly always buying environmentally friendly products, 28 percent are “dark green”, trying “as far as possible” to buy such products, and 21 percent are “pale green” tending to buy green products if they see them. Another 26 percent are “armchair greens”; they said they care about environmental issues but their concern does not affect their spending habits. Only 10 percent say they do not care about green issues.Four in ten people are “ethical spenders”, buying goods which do not, for example, involve dealings with oppressive regimes. This figure is the same as in 1990, although the number of “armchair ethicals” has risen from 28 to 35 percent and only 22 percent say they are, unconcerned now, against 30 percent in 1990. Hughes claims that in the twenty-first century, consumers will be encouraged to think more about the entire history of the products and services they buy, including the policies of the companies that provide them and that this will require a greater degree of honesty with consumers.Among green consumers, animal testing is the top issue—48 percent said they would be deterred from buying a product if it had been tested on animals—followed by concerns regarding irresponsible selling, the ozone layer, river and sea pollution, forest destruction, recycling and factor farming. However, concern for specific issues is lower than in 1990, suggesting that many consumers feel that Government and business have taken on the environmental agenda.Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer of the passage? In your answer booklet write YES, NO, or NOT GIVEN for each statement.1. The research findings report commercial rather than political trends.2. Being financially better off has made shoppers more sensitive to buying ‘green’.3. The majority of shoppers are prepared to pay more for the benefit of the environment according to the research findings.4. Consumers’ green shopping habits are influenced by Mintel’s findings.5. Mintel has limited their investigation to professional and managerial groups.6. Mintel undertakes market surveys on an annual basis.【答案与解析】1. YES(文章通篇没有多提政治，除了第一段“politicians claims environmentalism is yesterday’s issue”，本文更多的是从消费者的角度来讨论这一问题的。
中山大学考研2014年招生考试范围及参考书目(初试)
中山大学考研2014年招生考试范围及参考书目（初试）
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[考研类试卷]2010年中山大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷.doc
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[考研类试卷]2010年中山大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷一、阅读理解0 My father was a justice of the peace, and I supposed he possessed the power of life and death over all men and could hang anybody that offended him. This was distinction enough for me as a general thing; but the desire to be a steamboat man kept intruding, nevertheless. I first wanted to be a cabin boy, so that 1 could come out with a white apron on and shake a tablecloth over the side, where all my old comrades could see me. Later I thought I would rather be the deck hand who stood on the end of the stage plank with a coil of rope in his hand, because he was particularly conspicuous.But these were only daydreams—too heavenly to be contemplated as real possibilities. By and by one of the boys went away. He was not heard of for a long time. At last he turned up as an apprentice engineer or "sinker"on a steamboat. This thing shook the bottom out of all my Sunday-school teachings. That boy had been notoriously worldly and I had been just reverse—yet he was exalted to this eminence, and I was left in obscurity and misery. There was nothing generous about this fellow in his greatness. He would always manage to have a rusty bolt to scrub while his boat was docked at our town, and he would sit on the inside guard and scrub it, where we could all see him and envy him and loathe him.He used all sorts of steamboat technicalities in his talk, as if he were so used to them that he forgot common people could not understand them. He would speak of the "labboard" side of a horse in an easy, natural way that would make you wish he was dead. And he was always talking about "St. Looy" like an old citizen. Two or three of the boys had long been persons of consideration among us because they had been to St. Louis once and had a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory was over now. They lapsed into a humble silence, and learned to disappear when the ruthless "cub" engineer approached. This fellow had money, too, and hair oil, and he wore a showy brass watch chain a leather belt, and used no suspenders. No girl could withstand his charms. He "cut out"every boy in the village. When his boat blew up at last, it diffused a tranquil contentment among us such as we had not known for months. But when he came home the next week, alive, renowned, and appeared in church all battered up and bandaged, a shining hero, stared at and wondered over by everybody, it seemed to us that the partiality of Providence for an undeserving reptile had reached a point where it was open to criticism.This creature's career could produce but one result, and it speedily followed. Boy after boy managed to get on the river, four sons of the chief merchant, and two sons of the country judge became pilots, the grandest position of all. But some of us could not get on the river—at least our parents would not let us.So by and by I ran away. I said I would never come home again till I was a pilot and cold return in glory. But somehow I could not manage it. I went meekly aboard a few of the boats that lay packed together like sardines at the long St. Louis wharf, and very humbly inquired for the pilots, but got only a cold shoulder and short words from mates and clerks. I had to make the best of this sort of treatment for the time being, but I had comforting daydreams of a future when I should be a great and honored pilot, with plenty of money, and could kill some of these mates and clerks and pay for them.1 The author makes the statement that" I supposed he ... offended him"(Para. 1, Lines 1 -2)primarily to suggest______.（A）the power held by a justice of the peace in a frontier town（B）the naive view that he held of his father's importance（C）the respect in which the townspeople held his father（D）the possibility of miscarriages of justice on the American frontier2 The author decides that he would rather become a deck hand than a cabin boy because______.（A）he believes that the work is easier（B）he wants to avoid seeing his old friends（C）deck hands often go on to become pilots（D）the job is more visible to passersby3 The author most likely mentions his "Sunday-school teachings"(Para. 2)to emphasize______.（A）the influence of his early education in later life（B）his sense of injustice at the engineer's success（C）his disillusionment with longstanding religious beliefs（D）determination to become an engineer at all costs4 The author most likely concludes that the engineer is not " generous"(Para. 2)because he______.（A）has no respect for religious beliefs（B）refuses to share his wages with friends（C）flaunts his new position in public（D）takes a pride in material possessions5 The author mentions the use of "steamboat technicalities"(Para. 3)in order to emphasize the engineer's______.（A）expertise after a few months on the job（B）fascination for trivial information（C）inability to communicate effectively（D）desire to appear sophisticated6 According to the passage, the glory of having visited St. Louis was overbecause______.（A）the boys' knowledge of St. Louis was much less detailed than the engineer's （B）St. Louis had changed so much that the boys' stories were no longer accurate （C）the boys realized that traveling to St. Louis was not a mark of sophistication （D）the engineer's account revealed that the boys' stories were lies7 The author's response to the engineer's survival(Para. 3)is one of______.（A）thankfulness for what he believes is God's providence（B）astonishment at the engineer's miraculous escape（C）outrage at his rival's undeserved good fortune（D）sympathy for the extent of the engineer's wounds8 The major purpose of the passage is to______.（A）sketch the peaceful life of a frontier town（B）relate the events that led to a boy's first success in life（C）portray the unsophisticated ambitions of a boy（D）describe the characteristics of a small-town boaster8 The ozone layer, the fragile layer of gas surrounding our planet between 7 and 30 miles above the earth's surface, is being rapidly depleted. Seasonally occurring holes have appeared in it over the Poles and, recently, over densely populated temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. The threat is serious because the ozone layer protects the earth from the sun's ultraviolet radiation, which is harmful to all living organisms.Even though the layer is many miles thick, the atmosphere in it is tenuous and the total amount of ozone, compared with other atmospheric gases, is small. Ozone is highly reactive to chlorine, hydrogen , and nitrogen. Of course chlorine is the most dangerous since it is very stable and long-lived. When chlorine compounds reach the stratosphere, they bond with and destroy ozone molecules, with consequent repercussions for life on Earth.In 1958, researchers began noticing seasonal variations in the ozone layer above the South Pole. Between June and October the ozone content steadily fell, followed by a sudden increase in November. These fluctuations appeared to result from the natural effects of wind and temperature. But while the low October levels remained constant until 1979, the total ozone content over the Pole was steadily diminishing. In 1985, public opinion was finally aroused by reports of a"hole"in the layer.The culprits responsible for the hole were identified as compounds known as chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs. CFCs are compounds of chlorine and fluorine. Nonflammable, nontoxic and noncorrosive, they have been widely used in industry sincethe 1950s, mostly as refrigerants and propellants and in making plastic foam and insulation.In 1989 CFCs represented a sizable market value at over $1.5 billion and a labor force of 1.6 million. But with CFCs implicated in ozone depletion, the question arose as to whether we were wiling to risk an increase in cases of skin cancer, eye ailments, even a lowering of the human immune defense system—all effects of further loss of the ozone layer. And not only humans would suffer. So would plant life. Phytoplankton, the first link in the ocean food chain and vital to the survival of most marine species, would not be able to survive near the ocean surface, which is where these organisms grow.In 1990, 70 countries agreed to stop producing CFCs by the year 2000. In late 1991 , however, scientists noticed a depletion of the ozone layer over the Arctic. In 1992, it was announced that the layer was depleting faster then expected and that it was also declining over the northern hemisphere. Scientists believe that natural events are making the problem worse. The Pinatubo volcano in the Philippines, which erupted in June 1991, released 12 million tons of damaging volcanic gases into the atmosphere.Even if the whole world agreed today to stop all production and use of CFCs, this would not solve the problem. A single chlorine molecule can destroy 10, 000-100, 000 molecules of ozone. Furthermore, CFCs have a lifespan of 75 - 400 years and they take ten years to reach the ozone layer. In other words, what we are experiencing today results from CFCs emitted ten years ago.Researchers are working hard to find substitute products. Some are too dangerous because they are highly flammable; others may prove to be toxic and to contribute to the greenhouse effect—to the process of global warming. Nevertheless, even if there is no denying that atmosphere is in a state of disturbance, nobody can say that the situation will not improve, either in the short or the long term, especially if we ourselves lend a hand.9 As it is described in the passage, the major function of the ozone layer is closest to that of______.（A）an emergency evacuation place for a skyscraper（B）a central information desk at a convention centre（C）the filtering system for a city water supply（D）the structural support for a suspension bridge10 The word "tenuous"(Para. 2)most nearly means______.（A）hazy（B）tense（C）clear（D）thin11 Which of the following does the passage imply about the"seasonal variations in the ozone layer"(Para. 3)observed by scientists in 1958?（A）They were caused by industrial substances other than CFCs.（B）They created alarm among scientists but not the public.（C）They were least stable in the months between June and November.（D）They opened the public eyes to the threat of ozone depletion.12 The author mentions market and workforce figures related to CFC production in order to point out that______.（A）responsibility for the problems of ozone depletion lies primarily with industry （B）the disadvantages of CFCs are obvious while the benefits are not（C）the magnitude of profits from CFCs has turned public opinion against the industry's practices（D）while the economic stakes are large, they are overshadowed by the effects of CFCs 13 In Para. 6, the author cites the evidence of changes in the ozone layer over the northern hemisphere to indicate that______.（A）the danger of ozone depletion appear to be intensifying（B）ozone depletion is posing an immediate threat to many marine species（C）scientists are unsure about the ultimate effects of ozone loss on plants（D）CFCs are not the primary cause of ozone depletion in such areas14 Which of the following scientists apparently believe about the" volcanic gases" mentioned in Para. 6?（A）They are hastening ozone loss at present.（B）They contribute more to global warming than to ozone loss.（C）They pose a greater long-term threat than CFCs.（D）They contain molecules that are less destructive of ozone than CFCs.15 The author's reference to the long life of chlorine molecules(Para. 7)is meant to show that______.（A）there is more than adequate time to develop a long-term strategy against ozone loss（B）the positive effects of actions taken against ozone loss will be gradual（C）the long-term effects of ozone loss on human health may never be known（D）it is doubtful that normal levels of ozone can ever be reestablished16 In the final paragraph, the author tries to emphasize that______.（A）researchers are unlikely to find effective substitutes for CFCs（B）human action can alleviate the decline of the ozone layer（C）people must learn to line with the damaging effects of industrial pollutants（D）atmospheric conditions are largely beyond human control16 Maman-Nainaine said that when the figs were ripe Babette might go to visit her cousin down on the Bayou-Lafourche where the sugar cane grows. Not that the ripening of the figs had the least thing to do with it, but that is the way Maman-Nainaine was.It seemed to Babette a very long time to wait; for the leaves upon the trees were tender yet, and the figs were like little hard green marbles.But warm rains came along and plenty of strong sunshine; and though Maman-Nainaine was as patient as the statue of la Madone, and Babette as restless as a hummingbird, the first thing they both knew it was hot summertime. Every day Babette danced out to where the fig trees were in a long line against the fence. She walked slowly beneath them, carefully peering between the gnarled, spreading branches. But each time she came disconsolate away again. What she saw there finally was something that made her sing and dance the whole day long.When Maman-Nainaine sat down in her stately way to breakfast, the following morning, her muslin cap standing like an aureole about her white, placid face, Babette approached. She bore a dainty porcelain platter, which she set down before her godmother. It contained a dozen purple figs, fringed around with their rich, green leaves. "Ah, "said Maman-Nainaine arching her eyebrows, " how early the figs have ripened this year!""Oh, "said Babette. "I think they have ripened very late. "" Babette, " continued Maman-Nainaine, as she peeled the very plumpest figs with her pointed silver fruit-knives, "you will carry my love to them all down to Bayou-Lafourche. And tell your Tante Frosine I shall look for her at Toussaint—when the chrysanthemums are in bloom.17 Which of the following does the phrase "but that is the way Maman-Nainaine was" suggest about Maman-Nainaine?（A）She was not aware of the seriousness of the situation.（B）She was an overtly strict woman.（C）Her actions had their own logic.（D）She gave out punishment for no reason.18 All of the following pairs of words illustrate the difference between Maman-Nainaine and Babette EXCEPT______.（A）patient and "restless"（B）ripe and "bloom"（C）purple and green（D）early and late19 Which of the following does the word "though"(Line 1 , Para. 3)imply in the context of the sentence?（A）The two women were in disagreement.（B）Patience is a virtue when waiting for something.（C）Maman-Nainaine's patience was annoying to Babette.（D）Their patience and impatience had no effect on nature.20 The narrative point of view of the passage as a whole is that of______.（A）a third-person objective observer（B）a first-person impartial observer（C）the protagonist（D）a disapproving observer二、句子改错21 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences: underline the wrong parts and put the correct ones in the brackets. If there is no error, use a" √" or write "No error"on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Very convincing was the saleswoman's pitch about the value of the used car that Herbert nearly missed the fallacy in its logic.22 Barbara Walters distinguished herself as journalist by asking famous people the kinds of questions that other reporters shied away from.23 Because the ancient Egyptians defined the hour as one-twelf of the time from dawn to dusk, its length varied during the course of the year.24 Moira forced herself to eat every morsel on her plate, although she found the food practically inedible, she wanted to avoid protesting her kind hosts.25 Because of her conservative views the professor frequently found herself defending traditional values and the status quo in arguments with her more radical students.26 Although the whale shark is found in equatorial waters around the world, it is rarely encountered by divers in spite of its low numbers and solitary nature.27 The British social philosopher Thomas Malthus predicted that population growth would eventually surpass world food production, resulting massive famine and political unrest.28 In the early nineteenth century, some British agricultural workers felt that newly invented farm machinery risked their jobs, and they displayed their fear of technology by smashing machines.29 The famous movie star regarded her mountain cabin as a haven; she felt safe there from the annoying intrusions of reporters and photographers.30 The features of Noh, the oldest fonn of Japanese drama, are highly prescribed; verse sections must be sung, and the vocal style in the prose passages has to base on the chanting of specific Buddhist prayers.三、写作31 Read the following quote and write an argumentation of about 400 words on the true reader." Ignorant of the daily news, though versed in the catalogues of the second hand booksellers, in whose dark premises he spends the hours of sunlight—the true reader is essentially young—he is open minded and communicative, to whom reading is more of the nature of brisk exercise in the open air than of sheltered study; he trudges the high road. "by Virginia Woolf, British writerIn the first part of your writing you should introduce your argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the final part, you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instruction will result in a loss of marks.四、英译汉32 Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)Although art historians have spent decades demystifying Van Gogh's legend, they have done little to diminish his vast popularity. Auction prices still soar, visitors overpopulate Van Gogh exhibitions, and The Starry Night remains * ubiquitous on dormitory and kitchen walls. So complete is Van Gogh's global * apotheosis that Japanese tourists now make pilgrimages to Auvers to sprinkle their relatives' ashes on his grave. What accounts for the endless appeal of the Van Gogh myth? It has at least two deep and powerful sources. At the most primitive level, it provides a satisfying and nearly universal revenge fantasy disguised as the story of heroic sacrifice to art. Anyone who has ever felt isolated and unappreciated can identify with Van Gogh and hope not only for a spectacular redemption but also to put critics and doubting relatives to shame. At the same time, the myth offers an alluringly simplistic conception of great art as the product, not of particular historical circumstances and the artists' painstaking calculations, but of the naive and spontaneous outpourings of a mad, holy fool.* ubiquitous;existing or found everywhere* apotheosis; the raising of a person to the highest possible honour and glory五、汉译英33 接读朋友的来信，尤其是远自海外犹带着异国风情的航空信件，如果无需回信的话，确是人生一大快事。
2021年中山大学考研真题清单汇总
2021年中山大学考研真题汇总【828040238】中山大学历年考研真题211翻译硕士英语（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题240英语（单考）（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题241英语（二外）（2019年）中山大学历年考研真题242俄语（二外）（2019-2018年）标题为括号为中山大学考研群中山大学历年考研真题308护理综合（2019年-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题331社会工作原理（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题334新闻与传播专业综合能力（2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题338生物化学（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题346体育综合（2019）中山大学历年考研真题347心理学专业综合（2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题348文博综合（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题349药学综合（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题352口腔综合（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题353卫生综合（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题354汉语基础（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题357英语翻译基础（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题431金融学综合（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题432统计学(2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题434国际商务专业基础(2019-2015）中山大学历年考研真题435保险专业基础(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题437社会工作实务(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题440新闻与传播专业基础(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题445汉语国际教育基础(2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题448汉语写作与百科知识（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题601高等数学（A）(2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题602高等数学（B）(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题603数学二（单考）(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题604高等数学（单考）(2019年，2016-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题610民俗学概论（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题611文学评论写作(2019-2015年，2011年)中山大学历年考研真题612语言学概论(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题613现代汉语与语言学概论(2019-2015年，2011年) 中山大学历年考研真题614文献释读(2019-2015年，2011年)中山大学历年考研真题615文学基础（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题616作品评论(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题617非物质文化遗产学(2019-2016年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题619历史学基础（A）(2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题620西方哲学史（2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题621一元微积分（2019-2015）中山大学历年考研真题622逻辑哲学与逻辑史基础知识（2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题623中西哲学史（2019-2015）中山大学历年考研真题624中国美学（2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题625中外哲学史基础知识（2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题626法学理论A卷（2019-2015）中山大学历年考研真题627法律史A卷（2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题628宪法与行政法学A卷（2019-2015）中山大学历年考研真题629刑法学A卷(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题630民商法学A卷(2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题631诉讼法学A卷(2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题632经济法学A卷(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题633环境与资源保护法学A卷(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题635立法学A卷(2019-2017年）中山大学历年考研真题636政治学理论(2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题637公共管理学(2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题638基础英语(2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题639基础法语(2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题640基础德语（2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题641基础日语(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题643新闻与传播学基础(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题644视觉传播学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题645信息管理基础（2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题646综合英语(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题647社会学理论(2019-2015年，2011年)中山大学历年考研真题648人口理论（2019-2015年，2011年)中山大学历年考研真题649人类学概论（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题651考古学基础(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题654政治学原理(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题655马克思主义基本原理（含经典著作）(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题656心理学研究方法(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题657化学（A）(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题658岩石学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题660第四纪地质学(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题661构造地质学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题662生物化学（一）(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题663药分综合（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题664数学分析(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题665综合化学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题666药学综合A（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题667生物综合(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题669化学综合(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题670区域分析与规划(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题671分析化学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题673海洋生态学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题674生物化学（二）(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题675普通地质学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题676生物化学与分子生物学(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题677基础医学综合(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题678生物医学综合(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题679数学分析与高等代数(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题680口腔医学综合(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题681国际关系史（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题682数学分析（A）(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题687基础中医综合(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题688宗教学概论（单考）(2019-2018)中山大学历年考研真题690心理学研究方法（单考）(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题801微观经济学与宏观经济学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题802运筹学(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题803民间文学概论(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题805汉语语言学基础(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题806古汉语与古文字（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题807中国古代文学与批评（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题808中国现当代文学（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题809世界文学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题810戏曲与民俗（2019-2016，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题811马克思主义哲学（包括马哲原理和原著）(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题813逻辑学概论(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题814伦理学基础知识(2019-2018)中山大学历年考研真题815宗教理论(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题816科学哲学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题817法学理论B卷(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题818法律史B卷(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题819交通工程学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题819宪法与行政法学B卷(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题820刑法学B卷(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题821民商法学B卷(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题822诉讼法学B卷(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题823经济法学B卷(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题824环境与资源保护法学B卷(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题825国际法学B卷(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题826立法学B卷(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题827政治学研究方法(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题828政治学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题829公共管理研究方法(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题830微观经济学与金融经济学(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题831运筹学与管理信息系统(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题832微观经济学与管理学（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题833英语语言文学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题834法语语言文学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题835德语语言文学(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题836日语语言文学(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题837外国语言学及应用语言学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题838新闻与传播实务及研究方法(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题839设计学(2019-2018年，2015-2016年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题840信息资源组织(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题841英语写作与百科知识(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题842社会研究方法与社会统计学(2019-2018)中山大学历年考研真题843人口统计学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题844人类学理论与方法(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题845民俗学理论与方法(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题850中共党史(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题851专业综合基础（当代中国马克思主义、思政）(2019-2015) 中山大学历年考研真题852普通心理学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题853材料化学(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题854高分子材料(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题855材料物理(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题857化学（B）(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题862地球科学概论(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题863细胞生物学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题865遗传学（2019年，2016-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题867高等代数(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题868有机化学(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题869地理学基础(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题870人文地理学理论与方法(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题871遥感与地理信息系统(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题873全球卫星定位原理(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题874环境工程导论(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题875环境学导论(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题876旅游学概论(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题877经济学（含微观和宏观经济学）(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题879海洋学导论(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题880自然地理学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题881环境科学(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题882海洋化学（2019年，2017年，2015年）中山大学历年考研真题883细胞生物学（一）(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题884岩石学（A）(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题889-细胞生物学（二）(2019-2018)中山大学历年考研真题890国际政治学(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题891高等代数（A）(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题893普通物理B(2019-2018)中山大学历年考研真题894理论力学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题901大气科学基础(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题902普通物理(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题903光学(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题904微机原理与应用(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题908化工原理(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题909工科化学(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题910光学原理(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题911信号与系统(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题912普通物理A(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题913电子技术（数字和模拟）(2019-2015) 中山大学历年考研真题915水文学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题916工程热力学(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题921有机化学(B)(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题922生物化学(A)(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题923信号与系统（B）(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题924普通化学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题925仪器分析(2019-2018)中山大学历年考研真题926佛学思想史（单考）(2019-2018)中山大学历年考研真题930大气科学基础（单考）(2019-2017) 中山大学历年考研真题931土力学与基础工程(2019-2015)。
2014年中山大学面向香港、澳门、台湾地区招收硕士研究生
2014年中山大学面向香港、澳门、台湾地区招收硕士研究生初试考试范围或参考书目101英语①《新编英语教程》（1－3册），李观仪等，上海外语教育出版社，1999。
102俄语①《俄语入门》第二册，周鼎、徐振新编，外语教学与研究出版社，2000。
②《大学俄语基础教程》第二、三册，张智罗、童强等，高等教育出版社，1994。
103日语①《中日交流标准日本语》初级上、下册，集体合著，人民教育出版社、光村图书出版株式会社，2005。
104法语①《公共法语》上、下册，吴贤良主编，上海外语教育出版社，1997。
105德语①《大学德语》修订本（1－2册），赵仲、戴鸣钟等编，高等教育出版社，2001－2002。
106西班牙语①董燕生、刘建：《现代西班牙语》第一册，外语教学与研究出版社，1999。
②董燕生、刘建：《现代西班牙语》第二册，外语教学与研究出版社，1999。
③岑楚兰、蔡绍龙：《新编西班牙语阅读课本》第一册，外语教学与研究出版社，1999。
107韩语①郭一诚：《韩国语能力考试真题精解及模拟800题（中级）》，世界图书出版公司108阿拉伯语①新编阿拉伯语（1－4册），国少华主编，外语教学与研究出版社，ISBN7560033199②《阿拉伯语阅读》（上、下），《阿拉伯语阅读》组，出版社：外语教学与研究出版社，ISBN756000620201高等数学1．《高等数学》（上下册）第五版，同济大学应用数学系著，高等教育出版社2．《概率统计讲义》（第二版），陈家鼎著，高等教育出版社204民俗学概论本科目考试范围为：民俗的基本特征，民俗的类别及其特征（如物质生产民俗、物质生活民俗、社会组织民俗等等不同类别及其特征），中外民俗学史、民俗学研究方法。
主要包括三个方面：①考察学生对民俗学基本知识、基本理论、基本方法以及中外民俗学学术动态的了解、把握程度；②考察学生对民俗文化的经验、感受以及描写能力；③注重对学生知识结构和学术功底的考察，考察学生综合运用民俗学、人类学、社会学、历史学等学科知识、理论、方法，解读、分析、阐释民俗现象以及中外民俗学文献的能力。
2014中山大学考研复试英语自我介绍
2014中山大学考研复试英语自我介绍第一篇：2014中山大学考研复试英语自我介绍2014中山大学考研复试英语自我介绍范文来源：逸仙中山大学考研网Respected Professors:Good afternoon!I'm great honored to meet you here.Now allow me to give a brief self-introduction: I'mxxxxyears old , born in xxxx city ,Henan Province.In year 1996, I entered xxxxUniversity, majoring inxxxxDesigning and Producing.During those 4 years' study, I worked hard and I was always active in various activities.I gained the first scholarship for four times and I joined the Communist Party at the college.After my graduation in June 2000, I worked in--------company.I got a position in the Technology Department the first year and I was involved in several internet projects, such as the one for College student Recruitment in Henan Province and the one for Computer Center in xxxxDepartment in Zhengzhou University.Owning to my hard work ,I was rewarded the Best Newcomer Prize in the year 2000.The next year, I was transferred into the Principal Customer Department, responsible for the Developing and strengthening a good relationship between the principal customers and my company.Two major customers, Henan Provincial Department of Transportation and Henan Provincial Department of Personnel, are under my work.However, with time going on ,the more I experienced, the clearer I realized that I'm really interested in the Enterprise Management.I find many enterprises have the problem of an unmatched management to its developing speed.I'm eager to learn more about management and I hope I can study further in this University.So I resigned inAugust , 2003 and started the way to pursuing my studies.After about half year's hard work, I'm finally standing before you honorable professors now.I'm really excited.Though I've sacrificed much on my way to pursuing studies, I believe it's worthwhile.I believe working hard will finally be repaied.Thank you!第二篇：考研复试英语自我介绍经典及考研复试英语自我介绍经典模板及范文分Good morning.I am glad to be here for this interview.First let me introduce myself.My name is ***, 24.I come from ******, the capital of *******Province.I graduated from the ******* department of *****University in July, 2001.In the past two years I have been preparing for the postgraduate examination while I have been teaching *****in NO.****middle School and I was a head-teacher of a class in junior grade two.Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be interviewed by you.I am open-minded, quick in thought and very fond of history.In my spare time, I have broad interests like many other youngers.I like reading books, especially those about *******.Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.In addition, during my college years, I was once a Net-bar technician.So, I have a comparative good command of network application.I am able to operate the computer well.I am skillful in searching for information on Internet.I am a football fan for years.Italian team is my favorite.Anyway, I feel great pity for our country's team.I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning.Of course, if I am given a chance to study ****** in this famous University, I will spare no effort to master a good command of advance ******.Good morning, my dear teachers, my dear professors.I am very glad to be here foryour interview.My name is Song Yonghao, I am 22 years old.I come from Luoyang, a very beautiful ancient city.my undergraduate period will be accomplished in Chang''an university in July, 2004;and now, I am trying my best for obtaining a key toUniversity.Generally speaking, I am a hard working student especially do the thing I am interested in.I will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is.When I was sophomore, I found mechanic design very interesting, so I learned it very hard.To weaver a机器for myself, I stayed with my personal computer for half a month, Furthermore, I am a person with great perseverance.During the days preparing for the first examination, I insist on running every day, no matter what the weather was like.And just owning to this, I could concentrate on my study and succeeded in the end.Well, in my spare time, I like basketball, tennis and Chinese chess.Also English is my favorite.I often go to English corner to practise my oral English on every Thursday, and appreciate English film to improve mylisen ability.But I know my English is not good enough, I will continue studying.Ok, that is all, thank you for your attention第三篇：2009考研复试英语自我介绍NO2009考研复试英语自我介绍范文NO.1Good afternoon, my dear professors!It is my great honor to be herefor this interview.My name is Li Qiushi.I’m 22 years old and I come from School of Architectureand Civil Engineering of CUMT, i.e.China University of Mining andTechnology.During the past 3 years in my college as an undergraduate student,I have been working diligently at my major.I have built up a solid foundationfor professional knowledge and comprehensively improved my quality.And mygreat interest is underground space development.I am a manfull of passion and enthusiasm.Always I am interestedin fresh things and I will be energetic when confronted with difficulties.I ama perseverant person.Once I set myself a goal, I will fight for it with all myefforts until the last moment.I am also an easygoing person enjoying a finerelationship with people around and at the same time, I’m also a man of teamspirit.In my spare time, I like doing some sports and reading some news.Table tennis and jogging are my favorite sport.They keep me in good health,full of energy and breed optimism towards life.By reading news, I could knowwhat’s going on in the society.I have long admired Tongji University, because ofits highly qualified faculty and strong academic environment in the field ofCivil Engineering.I am confident that I am a very qualified applicant for yoursubject group.I remember Doctor Jocob Chen once said“Aim high, verticallaunch, fly fast, complete your mission with style.” I deeply believe in it andI will try my every effort to make it.Thank you for your attention!第四篇：考研复试英语自我介绍考研复试英语自我介绍范文1：Good afternoon，teachers.I am very glad to be here for this interview.First let me introduce myself.My name is abc，25 years old.I come from Weifang，a beautiful city of Shandong Province.I graduated from Commercial College in July，2001 and major in finance.Then，I was a teacher in abc，When I was a senior school student，I am interested in thought and began to read a certain classic work of Marxism，especially I finish ed reading “the florilegium of Mao ZeDong”。
[考研类试卷]2013年中山大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷.doc
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[考研类试卷]2013年中山大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷一、阅读理解0 The swimming sky of oceanic expanse in Van Gogh's The Starry Night; the human figure born of marble by the careful hands of Rodin; the graceful, ethereal figure of Degas's ballerina; all communicate both emotion and essence in a world where aesthetic reigns supreme. Art has forever been humankind's tool for expressing the ineffable, a form of communication when words fail or are wholly inadequate. Art challenges the artist by constructing a world in which opposing forces— impulse and control, emotion and thought, ideation and actuality—must cooperate to produce a piece of art. The artist must wrestle an almost untamable creative force for control in order to grant space to its expression. The process of facing and governing this force while conveying it to others makes artistic creation an especially valuable therapeutic tool for the emotionally disturbed.The process of creation and the created product are equally valuable parts of therapeutic art. Creating art requires balancing two aspects of personality that are, in the case of the emotionally disturbed person, especially irreconcilable. Like all artists, the emotionally disturbed person must learn to control and harness the dangerous, unpredictable forces of creation while remaining sufficiently unrestrictive to allow its expression. Balancing these forces in a constructive way while granting full play to both is an important ability to master, one that art therapy teaches particularly well.The emotionally disturbed artist's goal is not the perfect expression of an aesthetic ideal. Yet communicating the mind's content and having it recognized by others is intensely valuable to the disturbed artist's healing. Taking ideas out of the isolation imposed by the mind and reproducing them in a form that can be shared and understood by others releases those ideas from the mind and removes from them some of their power. Using the brush where the pen and voice fail allows others, like the therapist, to recognize, understand, and begin to deconstruct the mind's content.Artistic creation allows emotionally disturbed people to communicate ideas they are unable to express in words, and it provides therapists with an otherwise unobtainable window into the mind. Examination of their artistic pieces reveals an inner world that the self of the disturbed person cannot express another way. Art then becomes a new therapeutic medium through which to understand and address the complex issues that threaten and haunt the disturbed person, and in which to free them.1 The primary purpose of the passage is to______.（A）prove that art therapy has made significant strides in recent decades（B）demonstrate how art therapy can transform nonfunctioning individuals into productive members of society（C）show how art therapy can be beneficial for emotionally disturbed people（D）describe the methods by which artwork can be interpreted by a therapist2 In Line 5 , Paragraph3 "the brush" is used primarily to signify______.（A）the wide variety of artistic equipment（B）the author's preference for art over written communication（C）the process of painting（D）artistic creation3 The passage suggests that the main reason a therapist might use art to work with emotionally disturbed people is that art therapy can______.（A）allow them to address ideas or emotions in a nonverbal way（B）share their innermost thoughts with the public（C）broaden the scope of their social interaction（D）encourage them to cooperate with others4 The author suggests that artwork functions as "window"(Line 2, Paragraph 4)because artwork______.（A）is transparent（B）stifles communication（C）can be extremely fragile（D）allows access to thoughts5 The author's conclusion would be most directly supported by additional information proving that______.（A）art therapists are better able to evaluate the quality of art than regular therapists （B）individuals involved in art programs have more control over their emotions（C）there is a documented connection between creativity and attention span（D）painting relieves some symptoms of arthritis5 Since time immemorial, countless scholars have asked the question: What is beauty? As philosophers engage in weighty discourses, designers update the latest fashions, and artists create their masterpieces, what is considered beautiful changes at an alarming pace. Fifty years ago, the full-figured Marilyn Monroe embodied the American aesthetic value; today, a legion of Hollywood actresses vastly different in appearance from Marilyn's have taken her place. However, aesthetic values not only differ from generation to generation, but do so along cultural lines as well. The conventions that govern painting and music vary greatly from East to West. Often, what is considered disgusting to one civilization is the pinnacle of aesthetic appeal in another. Thus, when left to the sphere of human design, the search for an absolute definition of beauty remains an elusive one at best.As fundamental physicists, my colleagues and I like to believe that we are involved in a search for a beauty that does not remain uninfluenced by definition; The beauty that we search for is not that which is laid down through the work of people and subject to short-term tastes, but rather that which has been established by Nature. Those not involved with physics tend to think of it as a precise and predictive science—certainly not a field of study fit for the contemplation of the beautiful. Yet, one of physics's greatest gifts is that it allows its students to look past extrinsic appearances into a more overwhelming beauty. As a human being, I am captivated by the visual appeal of a wave crashing on the beach. As a physicist, however, I possess the ability to be captivated by the much deeper beauty of the physical laws that govern such a phenomenon. Where the nonphysicist sees a lovely but inexplicable event, the well-schooled physicist is able to perceive a brilliant design.In truth, since the day that Albert Einstein first proposed the notion that there might be one overarching physical theory that governs the universe, aesthetics has become adriving force in modern physics. What Einstein and we, as his intellectual descendants, have discovered is this;Nature, at its most fundamental level, is beautifully constructed. The remarkable simplicity of the laws that govern the universe is, at times, nothing short of breathtaking. And at every step, as new discoveries and technologies allow us to examine the physical world on deeper and deeper levels, we find that the beauty itself becomes more profound. As Einstein himself said, it would seem more likely that we should find ourselves living in a " chaotic world, in no way graspable through thinking. " Yet here we are, closer than ever to a full understanding of the universe's beautiful clockwork.6 The author mentions Marilyn Monroe in Paragraph 1 in order to______.（A）provide an example of today's standards of beauty（B）discuss her abilities as an actress（C）demonstrate how susceptible aesthetics are to change（D）illustrate that the standard definition of beauty remains constant7 The author's assertion in Lines 7-8, Paragraph 1("what is considered disgusting...in another")suggests that______.（A）cultures are destined to clash（B）many civilizations are prone to disgusting behavior（C）different societies are tied together by an appreciation for physics（D）it is nearly impossible to say what is truly beautiful8 As used in Line 3 Paragraph 2, the phrase "laid down" most nearly means______. （A）rested（B）slept（C）created（D）set9 In the course of outlining the various gifts of physics, the author cites all of the following EXCEPT______.（A）the ability to look for a beauty that is unchanging（B）appreciating the visual beauty of a wave crashing（C）understanding both extrinsic and intrinsic beauty（D）seeing a deeper design in natural events10 In the third paragraph, Albert Einstein's proposal of an "overarching physical theory" suggests that______.（A）the author believes that there is beauty in simplicity（B）the universe is infinitely complex（C）aesthetics has no place in physics（D）the physical world will never be understood rationally11 The author quotes Albert Einstein in Lines 7 - 8 , Paragraph 3 in order to______. （A）detail the way physical laws affect chaos（B）emphasize the scope of Einstein's influence（C）suggest that Einstein might have doubted the beauty of physics（D）stress just how remarkable the order of the universe really is12 The purpose of this passage is to______.（A）discuss the way various cultures assess beauty（B）explain the beauty that is unmasked through an understanding of physics（C）demonstrate the way concepts of beauty change over time（D）finding new relevance for different physical laws12 For eighty years Thomas's family had grown corn on its hundred-acre plot. In his grandfather's day, even in his father's, wheat and timothy were also sown to help feed cattle and pigs. While there had been no animals on the land in Thomas's time, Thomas's father spoke at length about those days, when he himself had been a child. Back then, Thomas's father had dedicated every one of his free hours to taking care of the farm; grinding chop, cleaning up after the animals, mending fences, and performing innumerable other taxing chores. Later, it was just corn, sold to some big company out East that his father said paid them a little less every year. It wasn't about the money though; his father would have made do just enough to keep things going. His concern was family and tradition, the agricultural way of life.During harvest, Thomas would ride on the enormous thresher with his father. In the cabin, above the green sea parting before them, he would listen as his father explained the significance of a life dedicated to agriculture. As Thomas nibbbled on a lunch packed by his mother, his father expounded upon his philosophy that a man must not be separated from the land that provides for him, that the land was very important. He would say, time and again, "A man isn't a man without land to call his own. "He was not an uneducated man, Thomas's father. He had completed high school and probably could have gone to college if he wanted, but he was a man of the earth, and his spirit was tied to the soil. Agriculture was not his profession; it was his passion, one that he tried to seed in the hearts of his three boys. Thomas's two older brothers had little time for farmwork, however. What chores they were not forced to do went undone or were done by Thomas; their energies were focused on cars, dating, and dance halls.Even at a young age, Thomas was able to see in his father's eyes the older man's secret despair. The land that had been in his family for three generations was not valued by the fourth. Not even little Tommy, who always rode in the cabin with him and helped out as much as he was able, would stay and tend the fields. The world had grown too large, and there were too many distractions to lure young men from their homes. Boys these days did not realize they had a home until it was too late.Sitting on the hood of his jeep, Thomas gazed out over dozens of acres of orange survey stakes that covered what was once his family's farm. The house, barn, and silos were all gone, replaced by construction trailers and heavy equipment. The town that layjust five miles up the road had grown into a city, consuming land like a hungry beast. Thomas's father had been the last farmer left in the county, holding out long after the farm became unprofitable. He farmed after his sons left and his wife died; he farmed until his last breath, on principle.Now a highway and several shopping malls were going to take his place, Thomas thought. His brothers both said it was inevitable, that progress cannot be halted. They argued that if the family did not sell the land, the city would claim eminent domain and take it from them for a fraction of what they could get by selling it. Thomas did not feel he had any right to disagree. After all, he had chosen to leave the farm as well, to pursue his education. Though he didn't stand in their way, and though his profit from the lucrative sale was equal to his brothers', Thomas was sure he felt something that they could not. The money didn't matter much to him; he had enough to get by. It was something about the land. Now that he had finally found his way back to it, he was losing it. He was losing his home.13 Which is NOT CORRECT about the farm in Thomas's father's day?（A）Corn, wheat and timothy grown on the farm were sold for profit.（B）Cattle and pigs were raised on the farm.（C）Thomas's father could make both ends meet.（D）Thomas's father spent a lot of time doing farm chores.14 In Line 6 Paragraph 1 the word "taxing" most nearly means______.（A）monetary（B）expensive（C）rejuvenating（D）tiring15 Based on the passage, a thresher(Line 1 , Paragraph 2)is most likely used to______. （A）mend fences（B）harvest crops（C）construct shopping malls（D）plant seeds16 Thomas's father's statement in the last line of Paragraph 2 primarily shows the father to be______.（A）discouraged because he is getting less money for his corn each year（B）overwhelmed by the number of tedious chores he must complete each day（C）convinced that his life as a farmer is worthwhile（D）pleased that his youngest son is with him as he threshes the corn17 The most likely cause of the "secret despair"(Line 1, Paragraph 4)that Thomas sees in his father's eyes is his father's______.（A）sadness that his sons would not care for the family farm in the same way that he had（B）disappointment that Thomas didn't help as much as he could have with the farm chores（C）worry about his sons' preoccupation with cars, dating, and dancing（D）regret that he didn't attend college even though he could have done so18 The description of Thomas's brothers' interest in the last two sentences of Paragraph 3 highlights______.（A）the difference between the brothers as young men and as adults（B）the reasons that Thomas performed the brothers' neglected chores（C）the gap between the brothers' values and those of their father（D）the considerable conflict between the brothers and their father19 An important function of Paragraph 5 is to______.（A）establish that the narrative to this point has been a flashback（B）contrast Thomas's current life with his past life（C）summarize the plot（D）foreshadow Thomas's future20 The last sentence of the passage suggests that Thomas feels______.（A）excited anticipation（B）regretful nostalgia（C）overwhelming despair（D）unaccustomed relief二、句子改错21 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences: underline the wrong parts and put the correct ones in the brackets. If there is no error, use a √ or write "No error" on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)For the last decade, American restaurants were serving larger portions, a trend which nutritionists believe has contributed to an increase in obesity.22 Bill is the captain on the football team, but the soccer coach allows his players to take turns acting as captain.23 We were surprised to find volunteers from the local high school to be as helpful and efficient as those we had trained to assist in earlier emergencies.24 Many countries, including the United States, has signed treaties that address the problem of the warming of the earth's atmosphere.25 The botanical garden program familiarizes children with names of different flowers, teaches them the conventions of naming plants, and they have the opportunity to learn skills used by gardeners.26 As the mayor of the city, he had a presence that was comforting to his constituents, who had supported him since he first ran for city council.27 Concerned by the patient's chest pains and breathing difficulty, the nursing student was quick to realize that these symptoms were consistent to those of a heart attack.28 Fans of downhill skiing respected the decision by the judges that athletes which take performance-enhancing drugs while training would be disqualified from the competition.29 The human resources department is using online advertisements to recruit new employees because applicants can respond to this more quickly than to print ones.30 One would have difficulty determining which factor contributes more to the success of a great writer—talent or hard work.三、写作31 Consider carefully the issue discussed in the following paragraph, and then write an essay that answers the question posed in the task.Human beings can attain a worthy and harmonious life if only they are able to rid themselves, within the limits of human nature, of the striving for the wish fulfillment of material kinds. The goal is to raise the spiritual values of society.—Albert EinsteinAssignment: You are required to write an essay of about at least <u>400 words</u> in which you answer the question "<u>Is the desire for ' wish fulfillment of material kinds' a good or a bad thing?</u>" and discuss your point of view on this issue. Support your position logically with examples from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and technology, current events, or your experience or observation.Marks will be awarded for Content, Organization, Grammar, and Appropriateness. Failure to follow the instruction will result in a loss of marks.四、英译汉32 Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)Carrara, shut in by the great hills, is a very picturesque town in Italy. Few tourists stay there; and the people are nearly all connected, in one way or another, with the mining of marble. There are also villages among the caves, where the workmen live. It contains a beautiful little Theatre, newly built; and it is an interesting custom there, to form the chorus of laborers in the marble mines, who are self-taught and sing by ear. I heard them in a comic opera, and in an act of "Norma" ; and they performed remarkably well; unlike the common people of Italy generally, who(with some exceptions among the Neapolitans)sing terribly out of tune, and have very disagreeable singing voices.Neapolitans: 那不勒斯人五、汉译英33 Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)青花瓷(blue—and-white porcelain)能在中国瓷坛独占鳌头，主要因为它与中国人长期追求的文化和美学精神相契合，这就是平淡天真、自然从容。
翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试中山大学2014年真题_真题-无答案
翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试中山大学2014年真题(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ V ocabularyThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Please choose the correct answer that **pletes the sentence and mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.1. Kate was ______ the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute.A. to startB. to have startedC. to be startingD. to have been starting2. "You ______ borrow my notes provided you take care of them," I told my friend.A. couldB. shouldC. mustD. can3. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably ______ a threat to the human race than environmental destruction.A. no moreB. not moreC. even moreD. much more4. Had Julie been more careful on the maths exam, she ______ much better results now.A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get5. Men differ from animals ______ they can think and speak.A. for whichB. for thatC. in thatD. in which6. I enjoyed myself so much ______ I visited my friends in London last year.A. whenB. whichC. thatD. where7. What a nice day! How about the three of us ______ a walk in the park nearby?A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking8. ______ the boys say, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However9. We consider ______ he should have left without telling anyone beforehand.A. strange whyB. it strange whatC. it strange thatD. that strange10. Clothing made of plastic fibers has certain advantages over ______ made of natural fibers like cotton, wool, or silk.A. oneB. the oneC. thatD. what11. The doctor proposed that she stay for one more week, her discharge from the hospital ______ later on.A. to be consideredB. consideredC. to considerD. being considered12. It is universally acknowledged that he is ______ a musician than his tutor.A. much ofB. much asC. more ofD. more as13. No sooner ______ home than my grandfather asked me to read the newspaper for him.A. I arrivedB. I had arrivedC. did I arriveD. had I arrived14. That customer wanted to return the pens he bought because he said they ______ easily.A. didn"t writeB. weren"t writtenC. were not writingD. hadn"t been writing15. ______, he is not capable of teaching all subjects. After all, nobody could be an expert on everything.A. A teacher as Mike isB. Teacher as Mike isC. As Mike is a teacherD. As is Mike a teacher16. The painting he bought at the street market the other day was a ______ forgery.A. man-madeB. naturalC. crudeD. real17. The bar in the club is for the ______ use of its members.A. extensiveB. exclusiveC. inclusiveD. comprehensive18. The tuition fees are ______ to **ing from low-income families.A. approachableB. payableC. reachableD. affordable19. Keep this reference book; it **e in ______ one day.A. handyB. usefulC. convenientD. helpful20. Teddy came to my ______ with a cheque of $200 to pay my room rate, after I phoned him that my wallet had been stolen.A. attendanceB. assistanceC. rescueD. safety21. The questions that the speaker raised were well ______ the average adult.A. pastB. onC. beyondD. through22. We had a good time there, and the food was plentiful and ______.A. conduciveB. wholesomeC. helpfulD. appreciative23. The scientists have made an ______ study of the viruses that cause the disease.A. exhaustedB. exhaustingC. exhaustiveD. exhaustion24. Representatives from **panies indicated that they should go on working together in ______.A. unityB. entityC. partnersD. partnership25. The study says the results are ______ with an earlier research, which showed improved survival of patients with advanced HIV perfection taking the medication.A. persistentB. consistentC. compatibleD. harmonious26. The housewives would usually ______ the fruit before making their minds up which to buy.A. pick outB. pick onC. pick upD. pick over27. Fear ______ us as we approached the old castle which was believed to be ghost-haunted.A. came uponB. came byC. came beforeD. came between28. As we all know, thick forests are the natural ______ for birds, animals and insects, and we must forbid cutting trees without any limitation.A. habitatB. resortC. residenceD. refuge29. In the war time, some cities were ______ to the ground and thousands of civilians became homeless.A. demolishedB. destroyedC. razedD. annihilated30. Until now we have ______ many improvements in women"s employment.A. brought outB. brought upC. brought forwardD. brought aboutPart Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionIn this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions and 5 short answer questions. Please read the passages and then write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.An allowance is an important tool for teaching kids how to budget, save and make their own decisions. Children remember and learn from mistakes when their own dollars are lost or spent foolishly.How large an allowance is appropriate? Experts say there is not a right amount. Actual amounts differ from region to region, and from family to family.To set an appropriate allowance for your child, work up a weekly budget. Allow for entertainment expenditures such as movies and snacks. Next, include everyday expenses such as lunch money, bus fare, and school supplies. "If you make the child responsible for these bills," says Josephine Swanson, a consumer specialist, "he or she will learn to budget for necessary expenditures."Finally, add some extra money to make saving possible. If you can, keep your child"s allowance in line with that of his friends. A child whose purchasing power falls away below his peers" can feel left out.It can be tough, but avoid excusing your children when they make a mistake with their allowance. When Brooke Stephens was ten and growing up in Jacksonville, her mother gave her $5 a week, $1.75 of which was for bus fare and lunch. "If you lose your money," Brooke"s mother told her, "you walk home" One week the girl spent all her allowance in a candy store, then she called home for a ride. "Morn made me walk home," recalls Stephens, now a financial planner in Brooklyn. "At first I was angry. But I finally realized that she was trying to teach me an important lesson." Experts advise that an allowance should not be tied directly to a child"s daily chores. Kids should help around the house not because they get paid for it but because they share responsibilities as members of a family. You might, however, pay a child for doing extra jobs at home, which can develop his or her initiative.1. What does the text mainly discuss?A. How to develop a child"s initiativeB. How to work up an amount of pocket moneyC. How to teach a child to save moneyD. How to teach a child about money2. It can be inferred from the passage that if a child is given an allowance, he or she may ______.A. spend all the money very soonB. be spoiled and finally ruinedC. feel responsible and careful about moneyD. lose the money and cannot return home3. In Paragraph 3, the words "his peers" refer to ______.A. his parentsB. his teachersC. his financial expertsD. his friends4. Why does the author mention Brooke Stephens?A. To question the opinion about pocket moneyB. To compare Stephens with other financial expertsC. To explain that parents should be strict when developing children"s good habits about moneyD. To suggest that pocket money is useless in developing a child"s sense of responsibility5. The author implies in the passage that ______.A. paying children for their housework is no goodB. a child"s initiative can be developed if he or she is paid for all the houseworkC. children may feel lost and lonely if they have no pocket moneyD. children may learn to put aside some money if they are given a great amount of pocket money Nowadays, a cellphone service is available to everyone, everywhere. Probably thousands of people have already been using it, but I just discovered it, so I"m going to claim it and also name it: Fake Foning.The technology has been working well for me at the office, but there are infinite applications. In fact in any public space.Say you work at a big university with lots of talky faculty members buzzing about. Now, say you need to use the restroom. The trip down the hall will take approximately one hour, because a person can"t walk into those talky people without getting pulled aside for a question, a bit ofgossip, a new read on a certain line ofParadise Lost.So, a cellphone. Any cellphone. Just pick it up. Don"t dial. Just hold that phone to your face and start talking. Walk confidently down the hall engaged in fake conversation, making sure to tailor both the topic and content to the person standing before you whom you are trying to evade.For standard colleague avoidance, I suggest fake chatting about fake business: "Yes, I"m m glad you called, because we really need to think about the details. What"s that? Yes, I read Page 12, but if you look at the bottom of 4, I think you can see the problem begins right there."Be animated. Be engaged in your fake fone conversation. Make eye contact with the people passing, nod to them, gesture keen interest in talking to them at a later time, point to your phone, shrug and move on.Shoppers should consider fake foning anytime they spot a talky neighbor in the produce department pinching unripe peaches. Without your phone at your face, you"d be in for a 20-minute speech on how terrible the world is.One important caution about fake foning. The other day I was fake foning my way past a colleague, and he was actually following me to get my attention. I knew he wanted to ask about a project I had not yet finished. I was trying to buy myself some time, so I continued lake foning with my doctor. "So I don"t need the operation? Oh, doctor, that is the best news."And then: Brrrrrmg! Brrrrrmg! Brrrrrmg! My phone started ringing, right there while it was planted on my face. My colleague looked at me, and I at him, and naturally I gasped. "What is the matter with this thing? said, pulling the phone away to look at it, and then putting it back to my ear."Hello? Are you still there?"Oops.6. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Cellphone service is popular among peopleB. Cellphone has much use in officeC. Fake foning is a new cellphone serviceD. Fake foning is a new discovery7. What is fake foning?A. A strategy to avoid peopleB. A device newly producedC. A service provided everywhereD. A skill of communication8. In the author"s opinion, in order to make fake foning look real one has to ______.A. talk about interesting mattersB. behave politely to people passing byC. hold the phone while walkingD. appear absorbed in conversation9. What does the last example show?A. One effective way is to fake fone one"s doctorB. One has to be careful while fake foningC. Fake foning may not deceive peopleD. Fake foning is always quite successful10. After his phone suddenly began ringing, the author ______.A. immediately started talking to the callerB. immediately started talking to his colleagueC. put the phone away and stopped talkingD. continued with his fake conversationWill there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton. Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn"t been born yet, or is a baby now. That"s because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved.But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einstein emerging anytime soon.For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einstein"s day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to spare.Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einstein"s training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenager—Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasn"t long before he became a philosopher himself.The independence created by philosophical insight is—in my opinion—the mark of distinction between a mere artisan or specialist and a real seeker after truth, Einstein wrote in 1944.And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well known. Einstein would furiously play his violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem. Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There aren"t many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practical—and rewarding—efforts."Maybe there is an Einstein out there today," said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, "butit would be a lot harder for him to be heard".Especially considering what Einstein was proposing."The actual fabric of space and time curving? My God, what an idea!" Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. "It takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe you"ll find the solution."Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his "miracle year" of 1905. These "thought experiments" were pages of calculations signed and submitted to the prestigious journal Annalen der Physic by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citations. What might happen to such a submission today?"We all get papers like those in the mail," Greene said. "We put them in the junk file."11. What do scientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first two paragraphs?A. Einstein pushed mathematics almost to its limitsB. It will take another Einstein to build a unified theoryC. No physicist is likely to surpass Einstein in the next 200 yearsD. It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges12. What was critical to Einstein"s success?A. His talent as an accomplished musicianB. His independent and abstract thinkingC. His untiring effort to fulfill his potentialD. His solid foundation in math theory13. What does the author tell us about physicists today?A. They tend to neglect training in analytical skillsB. They are very good at solving practical problemsC. They attach great importance to publishing academic papersD. They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits14. What does Brian Greene imply by saying "... it would be a lot harder for him to be heard" (Para. 9)?A. People have to compete in order to get their papers publishedB. It is hard for a scientist to have his papers published todayC. Papers like Einstein"s would unlikely get published todayD. Nobody will read papers on apparently ridiculous theories15. When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein ______.A. forgot to make footnotes and citationsB. was little known in academic circlesC. was known as a young genius in math calculationsD. knew nothing about the format of academic papersI remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart. I had managed to sell all my papers and **ing home in the snow. It was that strange hour in downtown New York when the workers were pouring homeward in the twilight. I marched among thousands of tired men and women whom the factory whistles hadunyoked. They flowed in rivers through the clothing factory districts, then down along the avenues to the East Side.I met my father near Cooper Union. I recognized him, a hunched, frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by a banana cart. He looked so lonely; the tears came to my eyes. Then he saw me, and his face lit with his sad, beautiful smile—Charlie Chaplin s smile."Arch, it"s Mikey," he said. "So you have sold your papers! Come and eat a banana."He offered me one. I refused it. I felt it crucial that my father sell his bananas, not give them away. He thought I was shy, and coaxed and joked with me, and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet straw and snow."You haven"t sold many bananas today, pop," I said anxiously.He shrugged his shoulders."What can I do? No one seems to want them."It was true. The work crowds pushed home morosely over the pavements. The rusty sky darkened over New York building, the tall street lamps were lit, innumerable trucks, street cars and elevated trains clattered by. Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my father"s bananas."I ought to yell," said my father dolefully "I ought to make a big noise like other peddlers, but it makes my throat sore. Anyway, I"m ashamed of yelling, it makes me feel like a fool."I had eaten one of his bananas. My sick conscience told me that I ought to pay for it somehow. I must remain here and help my father."I"ll yell for you, pop" I volunteered."Arch, no" he said, "go home; you have worked enough today. Just tell momma I"ll be late."But I yelled and yelled. My father, standing by, spoke occasional words of praise, and said I was awonderful yeller. Nobody else paid attention. The workers drifted past us wearily, endlessly; a defeated army wrapped in dreams of home. Elevated trains crashed ; the Cooper Union clock burned above us; the sky grew black, the wind poured, the slush burned through our shoes. There were thousands of strange, silent figures pouring over the sidewalks in snow. None of them stopped to buy bananas. I yelled and yelled. Nobody listened.My father tried to stop me at last. "Nu," he said smiling to console me, "that was wonderful yelling, Mikey. But it"s plain we are unlucky today! Let"s go home."I was frantic, and almost in tears. I insisted on keeping up my desperate yells. But at last my father persuaded me to leave with him.16. The word "unyoked" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.A. sent outB. releasedC. dispatchedD. removed17. Which of the following in the first paragraph does NOT indicate crowds of people?A. Thousands ofB. FlowedC. PouringD. Unyoked18. Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage?A. Huge crowds and lonely individualsB. Weather conditions and street lampsC. Clattering trains and peddlers" yellsD. Moving crowds and street traffic19. Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe the character of the son?A. CompassionateB. ResponsibleC. ShyD. Determined20. What is the theme of the story?A. The misery of the factory workersB. How to survive in a harsh environmentC. Generation gap between the father and the sonD. Love between the father and the sonThe Working Time Regulations (WTRs) introduced a new right to paid holidays for most workers. However, some workers were not covered when the WTRs came into force in October 1998. Since the regulations were amended, with effect from 1 August 2003, the majority of these workers have been entitled to paid holidays, and since 1 August 2004 the regulations have also applied to junior doctors.Workers who qualify are entitled to no fewer than four weeks of paid holiday a year, and public holidays (normally eight days in England and Wales) count towards this. However. workers and employers can agree longer holidays.For the first year of work, special accrual rules apply. For each month of employment, workers are entitled to one twelfth of the annual holiday. After the first year of employment, you can take your holiday entitlement at any time, with your employer"s approval.Before taking holidays, you must give your employer notice of at least twice the length of the holiday you want to take: for instance, to take a five-day holiday, you must give at least ten days" notice. If your employer does not want you to take that holiday, they can give you counter-notice equal to the holiday, for example, five days" notice not to take a five-day holiday.If the employer wants you to take holiday at a given time, e. g. when there is a shutdown at thesame time every year, they must give you notice of at least twice the length of the holiday. There is no right for the worker to take that holiday at a different time.Holiday cannot be carried over to the next year, unless your contract of employment allows this to happen. Nor can you be paid in lieu of your holiday. However, when you leave the job, you are entitled to receive payment for any outstanding holiday, provided your contract specifically allows for this.It may be that your contract gives you better rights, or your holiday rights might be specified in a collective agreement. Your union representative can advise you on this.Answer the following questions, using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage.21. In what year were the regulations extended to cover most of the workers who were originally excluded?22. What is the minimum annual paid holiday which workers are entitled to?23. During a worker"s first year of employment, what proportion of their annual holiday does a month"s work give?24. What can an employer give a worker to stop them taking holiday that they have requested?25. What is given as a possible reason for an employee having to take a holiday at a certain time?Part Ⅲ WritingWhile some people claim that a person"s essential qualities are inherited at birth, others hold that the circumstances in which a person grows up are mainly responsible for the type of person he/ she later becomes. What do you think of this? Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic:1. Essential Qualities: Inherited or Not?In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will, be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET.。
2011年中山大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷.doc
2011年中山大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷(总分：78.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：40.00)For an infant just beginning to interact with the surrounding world, it is imperative that he quickly become proficient in his native language. While developing a vocabulary and the ability to communicate using it are obviously important steps in this process, an infant must first be able to learn from the various streams of audible communication around him. To that end, during the course of even the first few months of development, an infant will begin to absorb the rhythmic patterns and sequences of sounds that characterize his language, and will begin to differentiate between the meanings of various pitch and stress changes. However, it is important to recognize that such learning does not take place in a vacuum. Infants must confront these language acquisition challenges in an environment where, quite frequently, several streams of communication or noise are occurring simultaneously. In other words, infants must not only learn how to segment individual speech streams into their component words, but they must also be able to distinguish between concurrent streams of sound. Consider, for example, an infant being spoken to by his mother. Before he can leam from the slight differences of his mother"s speech, he must first separate that speech from the sounds of the dishwasher, the family dog, the bus stopping on the street outside, and, quite possibly, background noise in the form of speech; a newscaster on the television down the hall or siblings playing in an adjacent room. How exactly do infants wade through such a murky conglomeration of audible stimuli? While most infants are capable of separating out two different voices despite the presence of additional, competing streams of sound, this capability is predicated upon several specific conditions. First, infants are better able to learn from a particular speech stream when that voice is louder than any of. the competing streams of background speech; when two voices are of equal amplitude, infants typically demonstrate little preference towards one stream or the other. Most likely, equally loud competing voice streams, for the infant, become combined into a single stream that necessarily contains unfamiliar patterns and sounds that can quite easily induce confusion. Secondly, an infant is more likely to attend to a particular voice stream if it is perceived as more familiar than another stream. When an infant, for example, is presented with a voice stream spoken by his mother and a background stream delivered by an unfamiliar voice, usually he can easily separate out her voice from the distraction of the background stream. By using these simple yet important cues an infant can become quite adept at concentrating on a single stream of communication and, therefore, capable of more quickly learning the invaluable characteristics and rules of his native language.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following best conveys the main idea of Paragraph 1 ?（分数：2.00）A.Infants are fully aware of their environments.B.Infants have natural talent to develop vocabulary.C.Infants are able to take in information from the environment.D.Infants like rhythmic patterns and sequences of sounds.(2).The phrase "predicated upon several specific conditions"(Para. 4)is used by the author to suggest that______.（分数：2.00）A.most infants have trouble separating out simultaneous streams of speechB.infants can only learn when they are comfortable in their surroundingsC.only in rare instances do these required conditions occurD.infants are not always able to learn from their surrounding environment(3).The author uses the word "necessarily"(Line 4 of Para. 5)in order to suggest that______.（分数：2.00）A.an individual stream understandably changes character when mixed with anotherB.even adults can have trouble distinguishing between streams of equal volumeC.infants always combine separate streams into a single soundD.it is inevitable that two streams of speech are more confusing than one(4).Before an infant can learn from the slight differences of his mother"s speech, he must first______.（分数：2.00）A.understand his father"s communication streamB.be able to distinguish between his mother"s voice from that of the background noiseC.absorb the sounds of dishwasher and petsD.learn something about his language from the television voice(5).The example in the last paragraph is used to illustrate how______.（分数：2.00）A.an infant who spends little time with his parents would probably have trouble with language acquisitionB.an infant in constant vocal interaction with his parents could experience accelerated language acquisitionC.the complexity of an infant"s native language is not a factor in determining whether that language will be easily acquiredD.infants with particularly attentive parents are more likely to acquire language skills more quicklyWhen I accepted a volunteer position as a social worker at a domestic violence shelter in a developing nation, I imagined the position for which my university experience had prepared me.I envisioned conducting intake interviews and traipsing around from organization to organization seeking the legal, psychological, and financial support that the women would need to rebuild their lives. When I arrived, I felt as if I already had months of experience, experience garnered in the hypothetical situations I had invented and subsequently resolved single-handedly and seamlessly. I felt thoroughly prepared to tackle head-on the situation I assumed was waiting for me. I arrived full of zeal, knocking at the shelter"s door. Within moments, my reality made a sharp break from that which I had anticipated. The coordinator explained that the shelter"s need for financial self-sufficiency had become obvious and acute. To address this, the center was planning to open a bakery. I immediately enthused about the project, making many references to the small enterprise case studies I had researched at the university. In response to my impassioned reply, the coordinator declared me in charge of the bakery and left in order to " get out of my way. " At that moment, I was as prepared to bake bread as I was to run for political office. The bigger problem, however, was that I was completely unfamiliar with the for-profit business models necessary to run the bakery. I was out of my depth in a foreign river with only my coordinator"s confidence to keep me afloat. They say that necessity is the mother of invention. I soon found that it is also the mother of initiative. I began finding recipes and appropriating the expertise of friends. With their help making bread, balancing books, printing pamphlets and making contacts, the bakery was soon running smoothly and successfully. After a short time it became a significant source of income for the house. In addition to funds, baking bread provided a natural environment in which to work with and get to know the women of the shelter. Kneading dough side by side, I shared in the camaraderie of the kitchen, treated to stories about their children and the towns and jobs they had had to leave behind to ensure their safety. Baking helped me develop strong relationships with the women and advanced my understanding of their situations. It also improved the women"s self-esteem. Their ability to master a new skill gave them confidence in themselves, and the fact that the bakery contributed to the upkeep of the house gave the women, many of them newly single, a sense of pride and the conviction that they had the capability to support themselves. Baking gave me the opportunity to work in a capacity I had not at all anticipated, but one that proved very successful. I became a more sensitive and skillful social worker, capable of makinga mean seven-grain loaf. Learning to bake gave me as much newfound self-confidence as it gave the women, and I found that sometimes quality social work can be as simple as kneading dough.（分数：14.00）(1).The primary purpose of the passage is to show how the author______.（分数：2.00）A.was shocked by the discrepancy between her earlier ideas about her work and the reality she facedB.discovered a talent her overly-focused mind had never allowed her to exploreC.broadened how she defined the scope of her workD.developed her abilities to orchestrate a for-profit business enterprise(2).In Line 5 of Para. 1 "garnered" most nearly means______.（分数：2.00）A.exchangedB.collectedC.requiredD.enriched(3).The statement that the author arrived "full of zeal"(Line 1 of Para. 2)indicates that she was______.（分数：2.00）A.anxious and insecureB.eager and interestedC.confident but uninformedD.cheerful but exhausted(4).The author was initially enthusiastic about the idea of the bakery because she______.（分数：2.00）A.considered it from a theoretical point of viewB.hoped to obtain a leadership position in the bakeryC.wanted to demonstrate her baking knowledge to her new coordinatorD.believed it would be a good way to build the women"s self-esteem(5).The comparison in Lines 6 -7 of Para. 2("At that moment...political office")demonstrates the author"s belief that______.（分数：2.00）A.it was unfair of the coordinator to ask the author to run the bakeryB.social workers should not be involved in either baking or politicsC.she was unqualified for a job baking breadD.similar skills were involved in both baking and politics(6).Lines 7 -8 of Para. 2("The bigger...bakery")suggest that the author believed that______.（分数：2.00）A.learning the necessary business practices would be a more daunting challenge than learning to bake breadB.good business practices are more important to running a successful bakery than is the quality of the breadC.her coordinator"s confidence in for-profit business models was misplacedD.for-profit business models are significantly more complex than the non-profit models with which she was familiar(7).The last sentence("Learning...dough")indicates that the author______.（分数：2.00）cked self-confidence just as much as the women with whom she workedB.found that performing social work is surprisingly easy with no educationC.underestimated her own ability to learn new skillsD.derived a benefit from her work while helping othersThough he would one day be considered an innovator and founding father of the artistic movement known as Impressionism, Claude Monet(1840-1926)began his career as a fairly traditional representational artist. His painting gradually changed, however, as he became interested in lightand how it affects perception—an interest that led him to attempt to paint light itself rather than the objects off of which light reflected. Monet also rejected the tradition of painting in a dedicated studio, and left the confines of his dusty room to paint outside. Many of his friends and fellow artists, including Pisarro, Renoir and Cezanne, were also interested in working alfresco and joined him in painting outdoors. This group, the core of the movement that would later be classified as Impressionism, made it a common practice to paint the same scene many times in a day to explore the changes in the light, using small patches of color rather than the large brush strokes and blended color that had characterized artistic technique until that time. The Impressionists were thus attempting to evoke a mood rather than document a specific scene or event, as had been the aim of earlier painters. This move away from representation was also effected by a technological development, as photography became more affordable and popular. Before the development of photography, painting was the primary means of documenting the marriages, births, and business successes of the wealthy. Photographers soon took over much of this role because photographs were faster, more accurate, and less expensive than paintings. This freed the Impressionists to find new roles for their medium and encouraged the public to think about painting in a new way. It was no longer just a means of recording significant events; it now reflected an artist"s unique vision of a scene or moment. Today, Impressionism enjoys a privileged position with many art historians and critics, although this was certainly not always the case. As the movement was developing, most critics were at best uninterested and often appalled by the work. Even the name of the movement was originally a derisive critique. A critic who, like most of his colleagues, prized realism in paintings, declared the movement "Impressionism" after the name of the painting Impression: A Sunrise, by Monet. The critic considered the Impressionists" works unfinished—only an impression, rather than a complete painting. It is safe to say that such a critic would be in the minority today, however. Impressionist paintings are now some of the most prized works in the art world. Museums and individuals pay huge sums to add these works to their collections, and the reproductions of the artworks are among the most popular fine art posters sold.（分数：16.00）(1).The primary purpose of the passage is to______.（分数：2.00）A.condemn the critics who prevented the Impressionists from exhibiting their workB.contrast Monet"s work with that of Pisarro, Renoir, and CezanneC.describe the primary characteristics of Monet"s paintingsD.explain the origins of Impressionism and Monet"s role in the movement(2).According to the passage, the Impressionists did all of the following EXCEPT______.（分数：2.00）A.paint the same scene at different times of the dayB.paint the light reflected by objectsC.receive acclaim from their contemporariesD.reconsider the role of painting in society(3).In Line 10 of Para. 1, the author most likely mentions "patches of color" to describe______.（分数：2.00）A.the light that the Impressionists encountered when they worked outdoorsB.a shortcoming of traditional paintingsC.a distinguishing characteristic of modern paintersD.an innovative technique used by Impressionist painters(4).The discussion of photography(Para. 2)serves as______.（分数：2.00）A.a description of an innovation that affected the development of ImpressionismB.the most important context in which to understand ImpressionismC.a demonstration of its similarities to paintingD.a demonstration of the public"s dislike of Impressionism(5).The author of the passage would most likely describe the medium of photography as______.（分数：2.00）A.expensiveB.preciseC.falseD.inconsistent(6).In Para. 3 "a derisive critique" most nearly means that the criticism was made in a(n)______way.（分数：2.00）A.carelessB.constructiveC.exaggeratingD.mocking(7).The "critic" mentioned in Line 5 of Para. 3 would most likely agree that______.（分数：2.00）A.Impressionist paintings are inferior because they fail to clearly represent their subjectsB.Impressionism now enjoys a much more prestigious place in the art world than it once didC.Monet"s Impression; A Sunrise was a highly influential workD.the use of photography to document important events freed painters to explore other roles(8).In Line 8 of Para. 3 "prized" most nearly means______.（分数：2.00）A.awardedB.discoveredC.valuedD.decorated二、句子改错(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Correct the mistakes in the following sentences: underline the wrong parts and put the correct ones in the brackets. If there is no error, use a √ or write "No error" on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)My parents, my younger sister, and me were delighted to see how much my cousin had grown since we last visited his family in the summer.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.We spent a most enjoyable afternoon sitting on the grass, watching for unusual shaped cloud formation.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Beside the dusty road sets a pond, which serves as a breeding ground for several species of the noisiest animals such as fogs.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.The other students and she felt unprepared when tested on facts not learned in class.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.Working two jobs is common among struggling actors, the majority of them work in restaurants that allow them flexible hours to audition.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.Food produced without pesticides poses fewer danger and promotes easier digestion than that produced through traditional agriculture.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.When Shirin Abadi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, many of her colleagues praised her exceptional efforts for democracy and human rights in Iran.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.Concerned about the coming game on Saturday, each of the team members spent most of the week practicing their plays.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________9.Even the San Francisco Earthquake in the spring of 1906 leveled many buildings, it was the subsequent series of fires that destroyed most of the city.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.Studies indicate that the environments in schools where there are fewer adults on staff is often not conducive to learning.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作11.Here"s a description of a company manager"s personal experience in his job: " I"ve been working in and with international companies for more than a decade, often specifically brought in to help solve cross-cultural communication or management challenges, or to fix disfunctional internal corporate cultures. So my ear has become attuned to the " us versus they " clues. They never listen. They just don"t understand. We are right, they are wrong. " The British poet RudyardKipling(1865-1936)also expressed his understanding of cultural differences by means of a poem "We and They". The following box contains the beginning and the end stanzas excerpted from the poem. Now read the following two stanzas, and then write an argumentation of about 400 words onthe topic: " Why are " They" always wrong?". 2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________四、英译汉(总题数：1，分数：2.00)12.Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) The period of Chinese scientific activity did not begin until the first years of the Republic. The older reformers only introduced a book knowledge of the sciences, without fully understanding their intellectual significance, without adequate equipment for laboratory work, and without adequately trained leaders to organize the studies and researches. Most of the textbooks on science were translated by men who admired science most sincerely but who had only a very superficial book knowledge of the subjects in the Japanese schools, and never did real laboratory work or undertook field expeditions. The schools were beginning to have classroom experiments in physics and chemistry, and botanical and zoological specimens; but they were as bookish as the textbooks, and were useless for the training of scientific workers.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、汉译英(总题数：1，分数：2.00)13.Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) 徐志摩在《吸烟与文化》中深情地写道：“我在康桥的日子可真是幸福，生怕这辈子再也得不到那样甜蜜的机会了。
2007年中山大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷.doc
2007年中山大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷(总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、阅读理解(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Scholars often fail to see that music played an important role in the preservation of African culture in the United States. They correctly note that slavery stripped some cultural elements from Black people—their political and economic systems—but they underestimate the significance of music in sustaining other African cultural values. African music, unlike the music of some other cultures, was based on a total vision of life in which music was not an isolated social domain. In African culture, music was pervasive, serving not only religion, but all phases of life, including birth, death, work and play. The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that community perceives as essential. Music, like art in general, was so inextricably a part of African culture that it becamea crucial means of preserving the culture during and after the dislocations of slavery.（分数：8.00）(1).The primary purpose of the passage is to______.（分数：2.00）A.analyze the impact that slavery had on African political and economic systemsB.Review the attempt of recent scholarship to study the influence of African music on other musicC.Correct the failure of some scholarship to appreciate the significance of music in African cultureD.Survey the ways by which people attempt to preserve their culture against the effects of oppression(2).In para. 1, line 5 the phrase "isolated social domain" refers to______.（分数：2.00）A.African music in relation to contemporary culture as a wholeB.Music as it may be perceived in non-African culturesC.Feature of African music that aided in transmitting African cultural valuesD.An aspect of the African cultural legacy(3).Which of the following statements concerning the function of African music can be inferred from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.It preserved cultural values because it was thoroughly integrated into the lives of the people.B.It was more important in the development of African religious life than in other areas of culture.C.It was developed in response to the loss of political and economic systems.D.Its pervasiveness in African culture hindered its effectiveness in minimizing the impact of slavery.(4).According to the author, scholars would err in drawing which of the following conclusions?I. Slavery stripped the slaves of their political and economic systems. II. African music was similar to all other traditions of music in that it originated in a total vision of life. III. Music was a crucial part of the African cultural legacy.（分数：2.00）A.I onlyB.II onlyC.I and II onlyD.I, II, and IIIOur task will be simpler if we begin with some stories written long before anyone worried very much about cleaning out the rhetorical imparities from the house of fiction. The stories in Boccancio"s Decameron, for example, seem extremely simple—perhaps even simple-minded and inept —if we ask of them the questions which many modern stories invite us to ask. It is bad enoughthat the characters are what we call two-dimensional, with no revealed depths of any kind; what is much worse, the "point of view" of the narrator shifts among them with a total disregard for the kind of technical focus or consistency generally admired today. But if we read these stories in their own terms, we soon discover a splendid and complex skill underlying the simplicity of the effect.（分数：8.00）(1).The primary purpose of the passage is to______.（分数：2.00）A.refute a belief about modern stories generally held by peopleB.show that the stories in Decameron are inferior to modern storiesC.suggest a way to reread pre-modern storiesD.re-interpret Boccaccio"s Decameron(2).In presenting the argument, the author does which of the following?（分数：2.00）A.Make an enumerationB.Present a paradoxC.Make a comparisonD.Give an analogy(3).Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The stories in Decameron are full of two-dimensional characters.B.Pre-modern stories such as Decameron do not use any narrative techniques.C.Modern stories try to avoid more than one "point of view".D.Stories in Decamron depict characters in a superficial way.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that______.（分数：2.00）A.modern stories are generally more interesting than earlier stories because they can reveal the characters in depthsB.telling a story from more than one perspective is considered a rhetorical impurity by modern story writersC.Unlike modern stories, earlier stories generally do not invite readers to ask "questions of themD.The stories in Decameron are simple-mindedWe all accept that killing is in general wrong, but virtually all of us also recognize certain exception—that is, concede that there can be instances in which killing is permissible. In addition to accepting the obvious permissibility of killing microbes and plants(except then this is objectionable for either instrumental or impersonal reasons)most people believe that it can be permissible in a variety of circumstances to kill animals, and also that it can be permissible to kill other human beings in self-defense and in appropriate conditions in war. There are four distinct categories into which we may sort most or all instances of killing for which there may be a reasonable justification. Perhaps the most contentious category consists of cases in which killing would simply promote the greater good—for example, a case in which killing one person would prevent the killing, or the deaths, or the deaths, of a much greater number of people. The second category consists of cases in which an individual has done something that has lowered the moral barriers to harming him, or compromised his status as inviolable, or made him liable to action that might result in his death. Cases in which killing might be thought to be justified for this sort of reason include killing in self defense, killing in war, and killing as a mode of punishment. The third category of possibly permissible killing consists of cases in which the metaphysical or moral status of the individual killed is uncertain or controversial. Among those beings whose nature arguably entails a moral status inferior to our own are animals, human embryos and fetuses, newborn infants, congenitally severely retarded human beings, human beings who have suffered severe brain damage or dementia, and human beings who have been in irreversible coma. These are beings that are in one way or another "at the margins". The fourth and final category comprises cases in which death would not be harm to an individual but instead a benefit. In manysuch cases, the individual for whom death would be a benefit also desires to die and may request to be killed or helped to die. The practical issues that arise under this heading are suicide, assisted suicide and euthanasia.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage states that______.（分数：2.00）A.killing microbes and plants is generally not considered morally wrongB.most people think it alright to assist other people to commit suicideC.killing animals are morally more objectionable than killing plantsD.though killing human beings is immoral, sometimes it is necessary(2).The phrase "at the margins" in the last line of the fourth paragraph means:______.（分数：2.00）A.in dangerB.morally insignificantC.with an obscure moral statusD.in a helpless condition(3).According to the passage,______.（分数：2.00）A.it is permissible to kill one person if it can prevent the deaths of a much greater number of peopleB.killing in war is not morally wrongC.killing newborn babies might be morally justifiable.D.euthanasia is morally right because it benefits the individual involved(4).Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Fetuses and newborn babies are considered to be morally inferior to ordinary human beings.B.Killing in self-defense might be permissible because the life of the person who attacks is no longer inviolable.C.Capital punishment is justifiable as a means of punishment.D.It is morally wrong to kill human beings who have been in irreversible coma.(5).Which of the following serves as the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Why Is Killing ImmoralB.The Morality of KillingC.Justifiable KillingsD.Problems of KillingPicture-taking is a technique both for annexing the objective world and for expressing the singular self. Photographs depict objective realities that already exist, though only the camera can disclose them. And they depict an individual photographer"s temperament discovering itself through the camera"s cropping of reality. That is, photography has two antithetical ideals: in the first, photography is about the world and the photographer is a mere observer who counts for little; but in the second, photography is the instrument of intrepid, questing subjectivity and photographer is all. These conflicting ideals arise from a fundamental uneasiness on the part of both photographers and viewers of photographs toward the aggressive component in "taking" a picture. Accordingly, the ideal of a photographer as observer is attractive because it implicitly denies that picture-taking is an aggressive act. The issue, of course, is not so clear-cut. What photographers do cannot be characterized as simply predatory or as simply and essentially, benevolent. As a consequence, one ideal of picture-taking or the other is always being rediscovered and championed. An important result of the coexistence of these two ideals is a recurrent ambivalence toward photography"s means. Whatever the claims that photography might make to be a form of personal expression on a par with painting, its originality is inextricably linked to be a form of a machine. The steady growth of these powers has made possible the extraordinary in formativeness and imaginative formal beauty of many photographs, like Harold Edgerton"s high-speed photographs of a bullet hitting its target or of the swirls and eddies of a tennisstroke. But as cameras become mere sophisticated, more armed, preferring to submit themselves to the limits imposed by premodern camera technology because a cruder, less high powered machine is thought to give more interesting or emotive results, to leave more room for creative accident. For example, it has been virtually a point of honor for many photographers, including Walker Evans and Cartiec-Bresson, to refuse to use modem equipment. These photographers have come to doubt the value of the camera as an instrument of "fast seeing". Cartiec-Bresson, in fact, claims that the modern camera may see too fast. This ambivalence toward photographic means determines trends in taste. The cult of the future(of faster and faster seeing)alternates over time with the wish to return to a purer past—when images had a handmade quality. This nostalgia for some pristine state of the photographic enterprise is currently wide-spread and underlies the present-dry enthusiasm for daguerreotypes and the work of forgotten nineteenth-century provincial photographers. Photographers and viewers of photographs, it seems, need periodically to resist their own knowingness.（分数：14.00）(1).According to the passage, interest among photographers in each of photography"s two ideals can be described as______.（分数：2.00）A.rapidly changingB.cyclically recurringC.steadily growingD.unrelated to change in technology(2).The author is primarily concerned with______.（分数：2.00）A.establishing new technical standards for contemporary photographyB.analyzing the influence of photographic ideals on picture-takingC.tracing the development of camera technology in the twentieth centuryD.describing how photographers" individual temperaments are reflected in their work(3).The passage states all of the following about photographs EXCEPT______.（分数：2.00）A.they can convey informationB.they can depict the photographer"s temperamentC.they can posses great formal beautyD.they can change the viewers sensibilities(4).The author mentions the work of Harold Edgerton in order to provide an example of______.（分数：2.00）A.how a controlled ambivalence toward photography"s means can produce outstanding picturesB.How the content of photographs has changed from the nineteenth century to the twentiethC.The popularity of high-speed photography in the twentieth centuryD.The relationship between photographic originality and technology(5).The passage suggests that photographers such as Walker Evans prefer old-fashioned techniques and equipment because these photographers______.（分数：2.00）A.dislike the dependence of photographic effectiveness on the powers of a machineB.strive for intense formal beauty in their photographsC.like the discipline that comes from self-imposed limitationD.need to feel armed by technology(6).According to the passage, the two antithetical ideals of photography differ primarily in the______.（分数：2.00）A.value that each pieces on the beauty of the finished productB.degree of technical knowledge that each requires of the photographerC.extent of the power that each requires of the photographers" equipmentD.way in which each defines the role of the photographer(7).Which of the following statements would be most likely to begin the paragraph immediately following the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Photographers, as a result of their heightened awareness of time, are constantly trying to capture events and actions that are fleetingB.Thus the cult of the future, worship of machines and speed, is firmly established in spite of efforts to the contrary by some photographers.C.The rejection of technical knowledge, however, can never be complete and photography cannot for any length of.time pretend that it has no weapons.D.The point of honor involved in rejecting complex equipment is, however, of no significance to the viewer of a photograph.二、句子改错(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Correct the mistakes in the following sentences. Underline the wrong parts and put the correct ones in the brackets.(10%)（分数：20.00）(1).Virginia Hamilton who has won consistent praise for her novels about Black children.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).When overall exports exceed imports, a country said to have a trade surplus.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933, when Frances Perkins became Secretary of Labor.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).Different species of octopuses may measure anywhere from two inches over thirty feet in length.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (5).Luminescence refers to the emission of light by means another than heat.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (6).Industrial buyers are responsible for supplying the goods and services that an organization required for its operations.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (7).Instructors at the school of American Ballet first examine a young applicant"s instep to see whether it is pliant and shows promising of good arch.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (8).Historians have never reached some general agreement about the precise causes of the Civil War in the United States.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (9).A leading Canadian feminist and author, Nellie McClung, struggled relentlessly in the early twentieth century to win politically and legal rights for Canadian women（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (10).Although they are in different countries, Windsor, Ontario and Detroit, Michigan are close neighbors and cooperate on numerous matters of mutually interest.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作1.Thomas Alva Edison once said, "Opportunity is missed by most because it is dressed in overalls and looks like work." On the basis of this statement, you are required to write an essay of about 400 words on the relationship between opportunity and success. In the first part of your writing you should introduce your argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the final part, you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or summary. Marks will be awarded for Content, Organization, Grammar and Appropriateness. Failure to follow the instruction will result in a loss of marks.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________四、英译汉(总题数：1，分数：2.00)2.Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(20%) Discipline and Punish(1975)is a genealogical study of the development of the "gentler" modern way of imprisoning criminals rather than torturing or killing them. While recognizing the element of genuinely enlightened reform, Foucault particularly emphasizes how such reform also becomes a vehicle of more effective control: "to punish less, perhaps; but certainly to punish better". He further argues that the new mode of punishment becomes the model for control of an entire society, with factories, hospitals and schools modeled on the modern prison. We should not, however, think that the deployment of this model was due to the explicit decisions of some central controlling agency. In typically genealogical fashion, Foucault"s analysis shows how techniques and institutions, developed for different and often quite innocuous purposes converged to create the modern system of disciplinary power.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、汉译英(总题数：1，分数：2.00)3.Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(20%) 宗教和巫术不只是解释事物并帮助人们实现种种目标。
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矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。