初中英语从句知识点总结归纳.doc

宾语从句

一．界说：宾语从句是指在一个语句中充任宾语的语句

如：He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.

二．宾语从句有三种类型：

1．由从属连词that 引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义，连词that 常可被省略。

例如：I hope (that) they will have fun. Mary said that she felt sleepy.

Can’t you see (that) ’I m a bird?

留意：（1）当主句的谓语动词是 think,believe 等时，宾语从句虽然要表明否

定意义，却不必否定方式，而将 think 等动词变为否定方式。如：I don’t think he will come.我认为他不会来。

（2）两个表明陈说意义的宾语从句并排时，有时省去第一个从句的连词 that，

但第二个从句的连词 that 一般不能够省掉。如：

He told me (that)they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.

2.由隶属连词 if 或 whether引导的宾语从句表明“是否（有，能，现已,, ）”

等一般疑问句的意义。

例如：I wonder whether (if) he lives here.

3.由衔接代词 who,whom,whose,what,which 和衔接副词 when,where,how,why

等引导的宾语从句表明“谁，谁的，什么，哪（个，些），何时，何地，怎样，

为什么” 等等特别疑问句的意义。除了衔接词及被润饰的词提早以外，宾语从句

用陈说句语序。

例如：To masked who could give the message to her mother.

Do you know what he said just now? I wondered how old his brother was.

三.宾语从句的时态照应：“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般

现”

1．当主句是现在时或将来时的时分，宾语从句能够用所需求的任何时态。

2．主句是曩昔时，宾语从句一般只能用曩昔时的某种方式；当从句叙说的是客

观现实或一般真理时，宾语从句依然用现在时态。

3．神态动词 must 一般不必于曩昔时，但却能够用于主句是曩昔时的宾语从句中。

四.宾语从句的语序

1 宾语从句的衔接词后加陈说语序（主语在前，谓语在后）如：I want to know if he can come tomorrow

2 当衔接词自身又是宾语从句的主语时，后边直接加谓语动词如：She asked me who had helped him

状语从句

英语中,润饰动词、形容词、副词等的语句成分叫状语。

状语的功用：状语阐明地址、时刻、原因、意图、成果、条件、方向、程度、方

式和随同状况等，根据状语的功用状语从句可分为：时刻状语从句、原因状语从句、意图状语从句、成果状语从句、条件状语从句。

一．

时刻状语从句：在一个语句中作时刻状语的语句。

时刻状语的衔接词： when（当, 时分） while（当, 时分） as（当, 时分） after （在, 今后） before（在, 曾经） as soon a（s 一, 就） since（自从, 到现在）till /until （直到 , 才） by the time（到, 停止）依旧是衔接词后加陈说语序。

1. when 当, 的时分（一般状况下：主将从现）

I will become a teacher when I grow up

2. while 当, 时

He visited a lot of places while he was traveling. 3. as 在, 的一

起；一边 , 一边,

He smiled as he stood up.

4. after 在, 之后

He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.

5. before 在, 之前

Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here. 6. as soon as 一, 就,

(一般情况下：主将从现)

We began to work as soon as we got there.

I will write to you as soon as I get home.

7. since 自, 以来到现在

表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用

现在完成时，从句用一般曩昔时。

Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago还. 可( 以用

作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago自( 三年前以来)表示。)

8 till /until 直到

都能够作连词，衔接时刻状语，也能够作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中

作状语。

They walked till /until it was dark.

Xiao Ming didn ’t leave home till / until his father came b. ack

9. by the time 到, 为止(所在句子的主句应用现在或过去完成时)

By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.

By the time I got to school, the class had already began.

用法剖析： 1.when, while 和 as的差异

When 引导的从句的谓语动词能够是连续性的动词，又能够是瞬时动词。并且

when有时表明“就在那时”。

例如：When she came in, I stopped eating. 她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动

词)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.

当的住在乡村时，我常常为他担水。（连续性的动词）

We were about to leave when he came in. 咱们就要脱离，就在那时他进

来了。

While 引导的从句的谓语动作有必要是连续性的，并着重主句和从句的动作一起