现代英语词汇学概论1
大学词汇学第一章
2 weeks 1 week 1 weeks 2 weeks 1 weeks 1 weeks 1 week 1 week 1 week 1 week 1 week 1 week 1 week 1 week
考Hale Waihona Puke 形式1. 平时成绩50%（出勤、作业）。 2. 提交论文50%（3000—8000字）。
Introduction
1476年，Sir William Caxton发明印刷机。 早期现代英语（Early Modern English）逐渐形成。 文艺复兴（The Renaissance, 14-17世纪） 代表人物：达.芬奇，米开朗基罗等 英国剧作家莎士比亚（William Shakespeare,15641616）
Danish Icelandic Faroese Norwegian Swedish
Gothic*
German Dutch Flemish Frisian Afrikaans Yiddish
Old English(Anglo-Saxon):(AD400-1100) ---449 First landing of the Germanic warriors in Britain ---1066 Norman Conquest in Britain Middle English:(1100-1500) ---1476 Introduction of the Printing Press by Sir Willian Caxton ---1492 Discovery of the New World Early Modern English:(1500-1800) --- 1755 Dictionary of the English language by Samuel Johnson ---1776 American Revolution Modern English:(1800-present) ----20th C World wars, scientific breakthrough Contemporary English:(present and onwards)
现代英语词汇学概论(Reduplication)
②Changing one vowel
e.g. fiddle-faddle 闹着玩，无聊的人或事 shily-shally 优柔寡断 ping-pong
③Changing the initial consonants
teenyweeny 小小的，小额的 willy-nilly 不管怎样 walkie-talkie 便携式电影摄像机
Better
They are very effective and make the sentences more vivid。
hurry-skurry
fiddle-faddle, willy-nilly topsy-turvy.
Thank you for
your time !
Reduplication are characterized by being rhymed（押韵）or alliterated（押 头韵）
willy-nilly，wishy-washy dilly-dally，shilly-shally
There are five groups of the common uses of word.
Reduplication(重叠法)
Reduplication is minor type compound word is created by the repetition of the same element with little or no change
①To imitate(模仿) sounds e.g. tick-tick
quack-quack
②To suggest alternating movement e.g. seesaw
第1章引言
Chapter One Introduction
Main contents 1. definition of lexicology 2. definition of word 3. definition of vocabulary 4. development of English vocabulary 5. reasons for the rapid growth of present-day English vocabulary 6.contents of the course
( thou, thee (thou的宾格) /chaise /vale)
c.colloquial words (informal) d. slang words informal ,fresh, novel, daring knockout/ hunk e.-- technical words ( part of literary words) -- moonwalk…
(sense relation between words) 6.) polysemy and homonymy 7.) synonymy / antonymy/ hyponymy/ semantic field 8.）meaning and context 9.） changes in word meaning 10.） English idioms 11.） American English
means to borrow foreign elements (a) Denizens归化词 --- words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the English language. call, die, husband
现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter1
现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料Chapter 1 A General Survey Of English VocabularyThe Definition of the term “word” 词的定义The Development of English Vocabulary英语词汇的发展史Classification of English Words词的分类The Definition of the term “word”Word: a fundamental unit of speech and a minimum free form; with a unity of sound and meaning (both lexical and grammatical meaning), capable of performing a given syntactic function.a minimum free formsoundlexical and grammatical meaningsyntactic functionBound form粘着形式：Never used as sentences.Free form 自由形式：Consists entirely of two or more lesser free forms.It’s not a phrase，is a word.The Development of English VocabularyNative: Celtic1st period(449-1100): Old English or Anglo-Saxon Period (OE or AS)Celtic →Anglo-Saxon (the settlement from 450 AD.) / Old Norse / Latin2nd period (1100-1500): Middle English Period (ME)French (the Norman Conquest in 1066)Latin3rd period (1500-present): Modern English PeriodEarly stages of Modern English (1500-1700)Latin (Renaissance)Greek (Renaissance)Contemporary English (1700-present):Three Romance Languages : French, Spanish, ItalianOther European languages: Portuguese, German, Dutch …Non-European languages (exploration, colonization, trade)The rapid growth of present-day English vocabulary and its causes.Marked progress of science and technology.Socio-economic，political and cultural changes.The influence of other cultures and languages.Classification of English WordsThree main criteria:By origin: 1. native words 本族词2. loan words 外来词By level of usage: 1. common words 普通词2. literary words 书面词3. colloquial words 口头词4. slang words 俚语5. technical words 术语By notion: 1. function words 功能词2. content words 实义词By origin:1. native words 本族词2. loan words 外来词Native words: words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of old EnglishFeatures of native words:Most are monosyllabicforming the great majority of the basic word stockLoan / borrowed words: those borrowed from other languagesBasic word stock:auxiliary, modal verbs, numerals, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, the most frequently used words (essential to life)National characterStabilityWord-forming abilityAbility to form collocationsBy level of usage:1. Common words 普通词2. Literary words 书面词3. Colloquial words 口头词4. Slang words 俚语5. Technical words 术语*There are no clear-cut boundaries between the various classes of words.Common words普通词:connected with the ordinary things or activities necessary to everyday lifeThe core of the common words is the basic word stock.Stylistically neutralLiterary words书面词:chiefly used in writing, especially in books written in a more elevated style, in official documents, or in formal speeches.Most are of French, Latin or Greek origin.Among the literary word, two categories are noteworthy:archaic words . obsolete words)poetical wordsSlang俚语:Language, words or phrases of a vigorous, colorful, facetious, or taboo nature, invented for specific occasions, or uses or derived from the unconventional use of the standard vocabularyNot generally used in informal conversation unless the speakers are on intimate termsEmbracing those daring and new expression that have not been accepted as standard EnglishThe chief reason for use of slang: secure freshness and noveltyTechnical words术语:used in various fields: science, profession or trade, art, sportincreasing precision in nomenclatureone specific meaningLatin or Greek in originBy notion:1. function words 功能词2. content words 实义词Function words:determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliariesnot having much lexical meaningserving grammatically:Behaving like grammatical signals or functional markers,Expressing the kinds of connection between content wordsConstructing acceptable English sentencessmall in number and stable:In relatively closed listsBelonging to a relatively small and permanent set of words)high frequency。
黑龙江大学西语学院英语系研究生参考书目 (历年不变)
黑龙江大学西语学院英语系研究生参考书目（历年不变）050201英语语言文学①101思想政治理论②242法语二外或243俄语二外或244日语二外或245德语二外或246西班牙语二外③611基础英语④811英语语言文学基础知识复试科目：050英语语言文学专业知识(含汉语作文)参考书目：611基础英语《大学汉英翻译教程》王治奎山东大学出版社大学本科英语专业知识、托福、GRE 试题811英语语言文学基础知识《语言学教程（修订版）》胡壮麟北京大学出版社点击购买811英语语言文学基础知识《语言学概论》杨信彰高等教育出版社811英语语言文学基础知识《英国文学简史（ABriefHistoryofEnglishLiterature）》刘炳善河南人民出版社811英语语言文学基础知识《英国文学选读（SelectedReadinginEnglishLiterature）》杨岂深、孙铢上海译文出版社811英语语言文学基础知识《英国诗歌鉴赏》李蓝玉、刘燕南等黑龙江人民出版社811英语语言文学基础知识《美国文学简史》常耀信南开大学出版社811英语语言文学基础知识《美国文学选读》杨岂深上海译文出版社611基础英语《大学英汉翻译教程》王治奎山东大学出版社050[复试]英语语言文学专业知识（含汉语作文）《文学导论（IntroductiontoLiterature）》邵锦娣等上海外语教育出版社点击购买050[复试]英语语言文学专业知识（含汉语作文）《现代英语词汇学概论（AnIntroductiontoModernEnglishLexicology）》张韵斐北京师范大学出版社050[复试]英语语言文学专业知识（含汉语作文）《英语词汇学教程》汪榕培、卢晓娟上海外语教育出版社二外日语《日语概说》皮细庚上海外语教育出版社《日语能力测试》（一级）日本国际交流基金《标准日语语法》顾明耀高等教育出版社《日译中教室》陶振孝外语教学与研究出版社法语二外，俄语二外，日语二外，德语二外，西班牙语二外，参考书全部自选。
Chapter One(A) 英语词汇学课程简介
兼任 湖北省学位委员会评议组成员、华中师范大学学位 委员会第3、4届委员、教育部人文社科基地华中师大语言 与语言教育研究中心兼职研究员。学术兼职包括全国专业 英语研究会理事、中南地区外语教学法研究会副理事长、 湖北省翻译者协会副会长、武汉欧美同学会常务理事等。 被邀担任教育部全国本科教学评估专家和教育部出国留学 基金语言学评审专家。同时担任上海外语教育出版社教育 部"十五"规划项目英语专业教材编写委员会委员，重庆出 版社中西部英语专业系列教材编写委员会委员。 主讲 英语词汇学、文体学、语义学等理论课程。从事语 言学和应用语言学方面的研究，并对话语篇章、语用、语 言与文化等有浓厚的兴趣。
近年来，汪榕培教授在中国古典文学英译和中西 文化比较等方面取得了突破性的进展，先后完成 了 《英译老子》、《英译易经》、 《英译陶诗》、 《英译诗经》、《英译庄子》、 《英译邯郸记》 《英译汉魏六朝诗三百首》、 《英译牡丹亭》、 《英译孔雀东南飞· 木兰诗》、等译著， 并撰写了一系列相关的论文，出版了专著《比较 与翻译》和《陶渊明诗歌英译比较研究》，得到 国内外学者的高度重视。他目前正在继续进行典 籍英译研究工作，兼任苏州大学、大连理工大学 博士生导师。
What we shall learn in ish lexicology is more than to learn to remember new words，but it will make you powerful in learning new words. 有人误认为词汇学就是“学词汇”。
4.所有作业，独立完成，不能抄袭 ，否则扣分。
Chapter One
The Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary
现代英语词汇学概论第一章汉语版
现代英语词汇学概论第一章汉语版
《现代英语词汇学概论》是英国语言学家约翰·西诺特（John Sinclair）所著，于1966年出版的一本关于英语词汇学的经典著作。
该
书第一章的主要内容涉及了词汇学研究的背景和目标。
第一章的汉语版主要包括以下内容：
1.引言：介绍了词汇学研究的重要性和目的，以及该书的结构和内容。
2.词汇学的起源和发展：回顾了词汇学研究的历史背景和不同阶段的
发展，包括传统历史语言学和现代语言学的贡献。
3.词汇研究的方法和工具：介绍了进行词汇学研究所需的方法和工具，包括词汇统计、语料库、词典和计算机技术的运用等。
4.词汇学的理论框架：探讨了几种主要的词汇学理论，包括认知语义学、联想语义学和构式语法等，并解释了它们在研究词汇结构、意义和使
用方面的作用。
5.词汇学的研究领域：概述了词汇学研究的不同领域，包括词汇结构、词汇意义、词汇使用和词汇变化等，并举例说明了不同领域的研究方法和
发现。
总之，第一章的汉语版主要介绍了词汇学研究的基本概念、方法和理
论框架，为后续章节的词汇学内容打下基础。
现代英语词汇学概论Question and Exercises答案
现代英语词汇学概论Question and Exercises答案1、Jeanne's necklace was _____ 500 francs at most. [单选题] *A. worthyB. costC. worth(正确答案)D. valuable2、He is a student of _______. [单选题] *A. Class SecondB. the Class TwoC. Class Two(正确答案)D. Second Two3、Jim is a(n) _______. He is very careful and likes to work with numbers. [单选题] *A. secretaryB. tour guideC. accountant(正确答案)D. English teacher4、4．—Alice’s never late for school.—________. [单选题] *A．So am I.B．So was I.C．Neither am I. (正确答案)D．Neither have I.5、We need some green paint badly, but there' s _____ at hand. [单选题] *A. notB. nothingC. little(正确答案)D. none6、Finally he had to break his promise. [单选题] *A. 计划B. 花瓶C. 习惯D. 诺言(正确答案)7、Something must be wrong with the girl’s _______. She can’t hear clearly. [单选题] *A. ears(正确答案)B. noseC. armsD. eyes8、Will you please say it again? I _______ you. [单选题] *A. didn’t hear(正确答案)B. don’t heardC. didn’t heardD. don’t hear9、There _______ some milk in the glass. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. haveD. has10、He can’t meet his friends tonight because he _______ do homework. [单选题] *A. has to(正确答案)B. needC. have toD. don’t have to11、98．There is a post office ______ the fruit shop and the hospital. [单选题] *A．atB．withC．between(正确答案)D．among12、95．-Dad, can we walk? ? ? ? ? ? ?the road now?-No,we? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . We have to wait until the light turns green. [单选题] *A．across, needn’tB．across, mustn’t(正确答案)C．though, can’tD．through, mustn't13、58．—How much is Lucy's skirt?—She________320 yuan for it. I think it's a little dear. [单选题] *A．tookB．paid(正确答案)C．spentD．bought14、—Why is Mary asking Bob about the school trip? —Because she wants to know ______.（）[单选题] *A. how does he think of the tripB. what does he think of the tripC. what he likes the tripD. how he likes the trip(正确答案)15、It was difficult to guess what her_____to the news would be. [单选题] *A.impressionmentC.reaction(正确答案)D.opinion16、There are still some wild tigers alive. [单选题] *A. 聪明的B. 凶恶的C. 野生的(正确答案)D. 珍贵的17、If it _______ tomorrow, I won’t go there. [单选题] *A. rains(正确答案)B. is rainingC. will rainD. would rain18、Jim wants to hang out with his friends at night, but his parents don’t allow him ______ so. （）[单选题] *A. doB. doneC. to do(正确答案)D. doing19、I think ______ time with my friends is fun for me.（）[单选题] *A. spendB. spendC. spending(正确答案)D. spent20、In fact, Beethoven did something brave than dying. [单选题] *A. 勇敢(正确答案)B. 冒险C. 可怕D. 奇妙21、—I can’t always get good grades. What should I do?—The more ______ you are under, the worse grades you may get. So take it easy!（）[单选题] *A. wasteB. interestC. stress(正确答案)D. fairness22、I live a very quiet and peaceful life. [单选题] *A. 宁静的(正确答案)B. 舒适的C. 和平的D. 浪漫的23、—______is my notebook？—Look! It’s in your schoolbag.（）[单选题] *A. WhatB. WhichC. Where(正确答案)D. How24、Almost every one of us could see her anxiety from the（）on her face. [单选题] *A. appearanceB. feelingC. movementD. expression(正确答案)25、Mr. Brown ______ the football match next week.（）[单选题] *A. is seeingB. seesC. sawD. is going to see(正确答案)26、--Do you have a _______?--Yes, I _______ at a clothes store. [单选题] *A. work; workB. work; jobC. job; jobD. job; work(正确答案)27、His mother’s _______ was a great blow to him. [单选题] *A. diedB. deadC. death(正确答案)D. die28、1——May I help you? You seem to be having some problems.——_______ , thanks. Ithink I can manage. [单选题] *A. All rightB. No problemC. It’s all right(正确答案)D. There’s no way29、A survey of the opinions of students（）that they admit several hours of sitting in front of the computer harmful to health. [单选题] *A. show；areB. shows ；is(正确答案)C.show；isD.shows ；are30、You’d ______ give up smoking. [单选题] *A. goodB. wellC. better(正确答案)D. best。
(完整word版)现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter2英语词汇的形态结构
现代英语词汇学概论复习资料1~7现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料Chapter 2 Morphological Structure of English Words英语词汇的形态结构⏹ 2.1 Morphemes词素/语素/ 形位⏹ 2.2 Classification of Morphemes词素分类2.1.1 The Definition of “Morphemes” 词素的概念Morpheme: The smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language，not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms.➢smallest: not divisible into smaller forms➢meaningful: carry meaning (lexical and grammatical)e.g. denationalizationdenationalization= de + nation + al + iz + ation➢ A morpheme is a two-facet language unit: sound and meaning➢ A morpheme is not identical with a syllable，either，since the latter has nothing to do with meaning.Allomorphs语素变体、词素变体:➢various shapes or forms of a morpheme➢do not differ in meaning or function➢conditioned by position or adjoining sounds➢Eg. -sbook→books /-s/pig→pigs /-z/horse → horses /-iz/➢Eg. im-，in-，i- perfect, responsible, logical, flexible perfect → imperfectresponsible→ irresponsiblelogical → illogicalflexible → inflexible➢Eg. –tion，-sioninvent →inventiondescribe →descriptionjustify →justificationmodernize→modernizationexpand →expansiondecide →decisionomit →omission2.2 Classification of Morphemes词素分类●Free Morphemes and Bound Morphemes自由词素与粘着词素Free morpheme:➢one that can be uttered alone with meaning➢ A free morpheme is a word.E.g. green, red, write, faithBound morpheme:➢cannot stand by itself as a complete utterance➢appear with at least one other morpheme, free or boundE.g. receive re-ceiveQ：自由词素与粘着词素如何组词？E.g. green, greenhouse, greenness, disagreeable, receive, encyclopedia➢green (free)➢green-house (free + free)➢green-ness (free + bound)➢re-ceive (bound + bound)➢en-cyclo-pedia (bound + bound + bound)* A free morpheme is a word.●Roots and Affixes词根与词缀Root 词根: The basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word.➢ 1. Free root (自由词根):A word consist of one free root (or one morpheme)is a simple word.Free roots provide the English language with a basis for the formation of new words.➢ 2. Bound root（粘着词根）:roots derived from foreign sources ,esp. from Greek and Latin, belong to the class of bound morphemes, such as tian and cieveEg.1)work, workable, worker, worked, working (free)2) contain, detain, retaintain= tenere (L) = to hold (bound)3) conceive, deceive, receiveceive= capere (L) = to take (bound)4) revive, vitamin, vital, vivacious, vividvit, viv = life / to live (bound)➢Vital:necessary in order to stay alive-al: pertaining to = have a connection withvital = having a connection with life Vivacious:adj. apprec. full of life and high spirits; lively-ous: full ofvivacous = full of life (energy)Vivid:producing sharp clear pictures in the mind; lifelike-id: having a certain qualityvivid = having a certain quality of lifeAffixes缀: a collective term for the type of formative that can be used when added to another morpheme.➢ 1. Inflectional affixes(屈折词缀): serves to express such meanings as plurality, tense, and the comparative or superlative degree.特点：1.not to form a new word with new lexical meaning2. having only particular grammatical meaning3. only to be affixed to words of the same word-class (not to change the word-class)➢ E.g. Plural marker: pens, oxen, feetGenitive case: Jame’sVerbal endings: works, working, worked, bought, saidComparative and superlative degree: slower, slowest➢ 2. Derivational affixes（派生词缀）:to be added to another morpheme to derive a new word 特点：1. to derive a new word2. having a specific lexical meaning (some also affective meaning)3. some to be attached to words of different word classes➢Eg. Having pejorative or derogatory meaning-ism means“doctrine or point of view ”==socialismPro-means“on the side of ”==pro-com-munist⏹Mini-carmean-nessModern-izeSocial-ism Pro-communist De-codeDe-valueWash-able⏹mis-mal-absorptionpseudo-democratic hire-ling weak-ling child-ish派生词缀分类（derivational morphemes）: Prefixes and suffixes1) By linguistic origin:➢Native affixes➢Foreign affixes2) By productivity:➢Productive/living affixes➢Unproductive/dead affixes➢Summary➢ 2.Morphological Structure of English Words英语词汇的形态➢ 2.1 Morphemes词素➢ 1.The Definition of “Morphemes”词素的概念➢ 2. Allomorphs 词素变体➢ 2.2 Classification of Morphemes 词素分类➢ 1. Free Morphemes and Bound Morphemes➢自由词素与粘着词素➢ 2. Roots and Affixes 词根与词缀➢free root and bound root自由词根与粘着词根➢inflectional affixes and derivational affixes屈折词缀与派生词缀➢➢。
现代英语词汇学概论学习心得体会300-500字
现代英语词汇学概论学习心得体会300-500字
通过对《现代英语词汇学概论》一书的深入学习，我对英语词汇有了全面的系统的了解。
通过学习英语语言的发展演变历史，加强了我对英语学习的兴趣。
另外，学习了英语的形态结构和构词法，认识到词根词缀对于单词的组成起着重要的作用，同时也有利于更好的记忆单词，记单词也不再是写记硬背，通过词根词缀以及了解单词的发展演变，更能够深刻的记忆单词。
同时，当你在阅读理解中遇到陌生的单词时，也可以通过词根词缀去旁敲侧击单词的含义，从而有助于理解文章的内容。
还有，通过学习构词法的八种小途径，让我更有效的扩充自己的词汇。
现代英语词汇学，原以为会是很复杂的晦涩难懂的一门学科。
然而，一学期下来，在老师的指引下和自己的看书研读，感觉吸收起来也轻松了许多，通过整理，在大脑中形成了英语词汇学的基本框架。
总而言之，通过对此书的学习，受益颇深！。
《现代英语词汇学概论》----解析汇报(张韵斐)
张韵斐著《现代英语词汇学概论》一一解析第一部分Chapter I英语词汇的概论(A general survey of English vocabulary)Bloomfield 1933 中对词的定义是，每个单词都是最小的自由词。
然而这个定义不够全面，存在着缺陷。
首先，不是所有的单词都可以独立出现，如the , a , my这些单词单独出现则没有具体意义。
另外，Bloomfield 的定义侧重在于语法(syntax )却没有涉及到词的意义。
随着词汇学的发展跟完善，人们给词下了较为完整的定义。
“词，今指语言组织中的基础单位，能独立运用，具有声音、意义和语法功能。
”(《辞海》1984 (上) 375页，上海辞书出版社)一种语言中所有的单词汇集起来便构成了该语言的词库。
纵观英语的发展历史，我们可以知道，大多数的英语词汇都是外来词，它从拉丁语，法语和希腊语等语言中汲取词汇，不断的扩充自己，为己所用。
特别是第二次世界大战之后，英语词汇得到了空前的发展。
现代英语词汇快速发展的原因主要有四方面。
一是科学技术的快速发展，二是社会经济的全球化，三是英语国家的政治和文化变化，最后是其他文化和语言对英语的强烈影响。
英语词汇是由各种不同类型的单词组成，而这些单词有着不同的分类标准。
根据词的起源可以分为本族语和外来语；根据使用水平可以分为普通词汇，文学词汇。
口头词汇，俚语以及科学术语。
基础语库的基本特征是具有民族特征，稳定性，构词的能力和搭配能力。
第二部分Chapter H 到Chapter IV英语词汇的形态结构和词的构词(Morphological structure of Englishwords and word-formati on )(一) 词素(Morphemes )单词是有词素(morphemes )构成的。
词素即英语语言中有意义的最小单位，同时具有声音和意义。
单词可以有一个或一个以上的词素组成。
如：n ati on是一个词素，national 有nation+al 两个词素。
现代英语词汇学概论10-English-Idioms
9.1.2 Structural Stability
4. Many idioms are grammatically unanalyzable.
Diamond cut diamond. * Diamond cuts diamond. Like cures like. * Like cure like. as sure as eggs is eggs * as sure as eggs are eggs
Sam is a real cool cat. He never blows his stack and hardly ever flies off the handle.
WhaWt'shmaotrae,reheidkinoomwss?how to get away
with things... Well, of course, he is getting on, too. His hair is pepper and salt, but he knows how to make up for lost time by taking it easy. He gets up early, works out, and turns in early. He takes care of the hot dog stand like a breeze until he gets time off. Sam's got it made; this is it for him.
possession of an object beyond which more of the same is unnecessary
Sam is really a calm person. He never loses control of himself and hardly ever becomes too
现代英语词汇学概论
现代英语词汇学概论随着现代社会的发展，现代英语已成为几乎全球范围内最常用的国际语言，因此，学习现代英语的词汇学知识具有重要的意义。
本文将对现代英语词汇学进行概论性介绍，具体内容包括词汇学的定义、其发展历史及其与语言学关系等。
首先，现代英语词汇学是一门使用系统研究法研究词汇知识的学科，以研究词语本身的构成、性质、发生和演变等为研究的核心，旨在揭示英语语言的实质特性和本身的内部结构特征。
其次，现代英语词汇学的发展史相对较晚，可以追溯到19世纪的拉丁语和希腊语研究，到20世纪中叶的中世纪英语研究、词形学和语义学，乃至截止到当代英语语言学的研究。
最后，现代英语词汇学与语言学密切相关。
通过词汇学研究，可以有效地揭示语言的实质性属性、归纳出英语语法规律以及具有指导意义的语言技巧，从而深入了解语言，提升英语水平。
综上所述，现代英语词汇学是一门涉及英语词汇系统研究及其它语言学知识的研究学科，它的研究可以帮助我们了解英语的实质特性、语言结构和语言技巧，从而能够有效地提升英语水平。
现代英语词汇学的研究方法主要包括分类法、历史方法、概率法、系统语用分析法等。
通过这些研究方法，可以有效地揭示词义的内在联系，不仅可以有效理解和记忆单词，还可以有效掌握英语的技巧。
例如，分类法可以有效地将单词分类组合，以便于记忆和理解；通过历史方法，可以更好地理解英语变化的规律，掌握固定搭配和表达方式；而通过概率法，可以有效地把握单词的使用倾向及相关熟词。
系统语用分析法则可以有效地把握语篇表达的价值观，例如把握上下文和情境，从而掌握英语表达方法。
从上述内容可以看出，现代英语词汇学对于英语学习者有很重要的教育意义，它可以帮助我们了解英语的实质特性、把握语言结构及其它知识，从而更好地提升我们的英语水平。
英语词汇学 Chapter1
English is a crazy language, full of wonders and attractions, thus making it an interesting subject as well as a useful one.
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What is language?
Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. It is a specific social action and a carrier of information.
Aims of the course:
Offer an insight into the origin and development of the English vocabulary. Discuss the problems of word-structure and word-formation Study the use of English words , their meanings and changes in meaning, their sense relations. Give a systematic description of the English vocabulary.
5
If a vegetarian eats vegetables, what does a humanitarian eat? Why do people recite at a play, and play at a recital? Ship by truck or car and send cargo by ship?(动词与动 词的功能差异；为什么演话剧时人们要朗诵，而在 独奏会上却要演奏：----（polysemy)一词多义
现代英语词汇学概论--构词法
2) denationalized denationalized = de + nation + al + ize + d Root: nation Stem: denationalize Base: national → nation nationalize → national denationalize → nationalize denationalized → denationalize
Apart from caring for her children, she has to take on such heavy _____ house work as carrying water and firewood. A. time-consumed B. timely-consumed C. time-consuming D. timely-consuming
Compounding / composition: a wordformation process consisting of joining two or more bases to form a new unit. e.g. flowerpot= flower + pot machine-independent = machine + independent back
Root/ 词根: is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology Stem/ 词干: the part of the word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. Base/ 词基: any form to which affixes of any kind can be added.
现代英语词汇学概论
现代英语词汇学概论
作为英语学习的重要组成部分，词汇学的研究对于英语学习者有着至关重要的意义。
现代英语词汇学概论作为一门涉及英语词汇学研究的重要课程，在英语学习中具有特殊的作用。
现代英语词汇学主要由3个基本概念组成，即词汇意义、词汇结构和词汇使用。
词汇意义是指每一个英语词汇的含义，它可以从五个不同的角度来看待，即反义词辨析、比较辨析、语法辨析、系统性辨析和字义区分。
通过这些角度，学习者可以全面而准确地理解和掌握英语词汇的含义。
词汇结构包括词素和词形，它们可以帮助学习者更好地理解每个单词的组成。
例如，“teach”和“teacher”都有相同的词素“teach”，但其词形不同，一个是动词，另一个是名词。
词汇使用是指英语词汇如何使用，它包括词汇类别、搭配、句法功能、语用功能等。
这些有助于学习者获得与英语词汇使用有关的技能，提高英语语言表述的准确性和流利性。
以上是现代英语词汇学的概述。
学习者们可以通过对这些概念的深入分析，全面地理解和掌握英语词汇的结构、意义和使用，从而提升英语学习的能力。
现代英语词汇学的研究具有多方面的意义。
首先，这可以帮助学习者更好地理解英语语言，提高学习者阅读理解能力。
其次，它可以帮助学习者提高英语口语能力，改善口头表达交流。
最后，它还可以
帮助学习者更好地掌握英语写作技巧，使学习者在英语写作方面独树一帜。
综上所述，现代英语词汇学不仅是英语学习中的重要课程，而且具有深远的意义，可以更有效地帮助学习者提升英语学习能力。
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Review
Word: a minimum free form sound lexical and grammatical meaning syntactic function
1.1 The Development of English Vocabulary Questions: 1. How many stages does English vocabulary develop? 2. At each stage, there are how many origins English words come from?
Are they “words”?
Café, fiancée, hapax legomena father’s, do-it-yourself, hasn’t Donno, lol $559.34, ￡233, IBM R51 Corpus4u, :-) O(∩_∩)O哈哈~，囧rz，⊙﹏⊙b汗
Word: a fundamental unit of speech and a minimum free form; with a unity of sound and meaning (both lexical and grammatical meaning), capable of performing a given syntactic function. E.g. The young man left quietly. (young)
1.2
Classification of English Words
Questions: 1. The main criteria by which we can classify English words? 2. According to different criteria, how can we classify English words?
3rd period (1500-present): Modern English Period Early stages of Modern English (1500-1700) Latin (Renaissance) Greek (Renaissance) Contemporary English (1700-present): Three Romance Languages : French, Spanish, Italian Other European languages: Portuguese, German, Dutch … Non-European languages (exploration, colonization, trade)
Literary words/书面词: chiefly used in writing, especially in books written in a more elevated style, in official documents, or in formal speeches. Most are of French, Latin or Greek origin. Among the literary word, two categories are noteworthy: archaic words (c.f. obsolete words) poetical words back
Slang/俚语: Language, words or phrases of a vigorous, colorful, facetious, or taboo nature, invented for specific occasions, or uses or derived from the unconventional use of the standard vocabulary Not generally used in informal conversation unless the speakers are on intimate terms Embracing those daring and new expression that have not been accepted as standard English The chief reason for use of slang: secure freshness and novelty back
Native words: words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of old English Loan / borrowed words: those borrowed from other languages
Features of native words: Most are monosyllabic forming the great majority of the basic word stock
Basic word stock: auxiliary, modal verbs, numerals, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, the most frequently used words (essential to life) National character Stability Word-forming ability Ability to form collocations back
Technical words/术语: used in various fields: science, profession or trade, art, sport increasing precision in nomenclature one specific meaning Latin or Greek in origin back
Review
1.0 The Definition of the term “word” 词的定义 a minimum free form sound lexical and grammatical meaning) syntactic function
Review
1.1 The Development of English Vocabulary /英语词汇的发展史 Native: Celtic Old English(449-1100) Anglo-Saxon (the settlement from 450 AD.) / Old Norse / Latin Greek (indirectly) Middle English Period (1100-1500) French (the Norman Conquest in 1066) Latin Greek (indirectly) Modern English Period (1500-present) Early stages of Modern English (1500-1700) Latin (Renaissance) Greek (Renaissance) Contemporary English (1700-present): Three Romance Languages : French, Spanish, Italian Other European languages: Portuguese, German, Dutch … Non-European languages (exploration, colonization, trade)
Review
1.2 Classification of English Words /词的分类 By origin: 1. native words 本族词 2. loan words 外来词 B. By level of usage: 1. common words 普通词 2. literary words 书面词 3. colloquial words 口头词 4. slang words 俚语 5. technical words 术语 By notion: 1. function words 功能词 2. content words 实义词
1.2
Classification of English Words
Three main criteria: by origin /词源 by level of usage /用法 by notion /概念
By origin: 1. native words 本族词 2. loan words 外来词
1.0 The Definition of the term “word”
Questions: 1. How many influential definitions of “word” are there in the history? What are they? What are their defects? 2. How can we define the term “word”? Can you give an example to illustrate it?
Native: Celtic 1st period(449-1100): Old English or Anglo-Saxon Period (OE or AS) Celtic → Anglo-Saxon (the settlement from 450 AD.) / Old Norse / Latin 2nd period (1100-1500): Middle English Period (ME) French (the Norman Conquest in 1066) Latin
Common words/普通词: connected with the ordinary things or activities necessary to every day life The core of the common words is the basic word stock. Stylistically neutral back