虚拟语气经典版

虚拟语气
虚拟语气通常有三种情况：①与现在事实相反。

②与过去事实相反。

③与将来事实可能相反。

一最基本的虚拟语气句型:
1）虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。

If places were alike, there would be little need for geographers.如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。

2）虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。

If he had known your address yesterday, he would have telephoned you.
3）虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。

If 从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should/could/ might +动词原形。

If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday
例题1. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired
A. drove; didn’t get
B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get
D. had driven ; wouldn’t have
got
例题 2. If we had adequate time to prepare, the results _____ much better.
A. would be
B. were
C. had been
D. would have been
例题 3. If John had told me in advance, I_____ him at the airport.
A. would meet
B. will meet
C. would be meet
D. would have met
2．符合虚拟语气基本原理并非特殊的句型
1）wish 后的that 从句中:
a. 表示现在或将来的愿望,从句中过去式.
I wish I knew his address.
I wish I were young.
b.. 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望, 从句用过去完成式或would, could, might + have + 过去分词.
I wish you had written to him.
I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
c. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求
I wish he would answer my letter.
I wish prices would come down.
I wish you would help me.
例题1：How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.
A. has
B. had
C. will have
D. had had
例题 2. I wish I _____ you yesterday
A. seen
B. did see
C. had seen
D. were to see
2). 在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中,用过去式或过去完成式,表示‚宁愿做什么‛
I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.
例题：I would rather you ____anything about it for the time being
A. do
B. didn’t do
C. don’t
D. didn’t
3). 在if only（‚如果....就好了‛的意思）感叹句中,谓语动词与wish 宾语从句的虚拟形式相同.
If only he didn’t drive so fast!(现在)
If only she had asked someone’s advice.(过去)
If only the rain would stop.(将来)
例题1：If only we____ about the danger, we couldn’t have joined you
A. knew
B. had known
C. would know
D. should know
例题 2. If only I ___my car
A. hadn’t lost
B. wouldn’t lose
C. didn’t lose
D. haven’t lost
4) . 在as if / as though 从句中,表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑,用过去式;表示过去想象中的动作或情况, 用过去完成式.
He speaks as if he were on the spot.
She spoke to me as if I were deaf.
This device operated as though it had been repaired.
注: 1. 在as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成为事实, 用陈述语气.
He looks as if he is ill.
例题 1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____ .
A. breaks
B. has broken
C. were broken
D. had been broken
例题 2. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ____ their own son
A. is
B. were
C. had been
D. should be
5). 有时虚拟条件句并没用if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。

如：We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
Without you help, I wouldn’t have achieved so much.
But for your help, I would not have succeeded.
例题1：I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meet
A. would have taken part in
B. took part in
C. had taken part in
D. would take part in
例题 2. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult today
A. is
B. will be
C. would have been
D. would be
二虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况:
1. 在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should 可以省略.
1）在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的动词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should 可以省略. 如advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote.常考到的是: suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request,command.
His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence.
The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every day.
2）. 在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的名词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should可以省略. 如advice, decision, agreement, command, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal,
request, requirement, etc.常考到的是: advice, command, demand, insistence, order, proposal, request, requirement,
It was Bill’s suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
His suggestion was that everyone (should) have a map.
He gave us a suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
例题 1. He requested that the students ____them get in crops
A. help
B. to help
C. helped
D. helping
例题 2. Mother suggested that I ___my homework first before watching TV
A. did :
B. do
C. shall do
D. have done
例题 3. My suggestion is that the meeting ____off till nest Sunday
A. be put
B. put
C. should put
D. had been put
例题 4. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven
A. must finish
B. would be finished
C. be finished
D. must be finished
例题 5. The surgeon’s advice was that the patient _____ at once.
A. to be operated on
B. being operated on
C. be operated on
D. was operated on
例题 6. One of the requirements for producing vapor is that the water _____ to its boiling point.
A. must be heated
B. was heated
C. is to be heated
D. be heated
3. 在It is/was +形容词后的that 从句中用should的结构, should 可以省略. 这类形容词常见的有: advisable, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, impossible, improper, important, natural, necessary, possible, preferable, probable, urgent, vital etc.
It‘s natural that she (should) do so.
It is essential that we (should) tell her the news.
例题 1. It is necessary that he ____to the lab right now
A. come
B. came
C. would come
D. is coming
例题 2. It is necessary that he ____to the lab right now
A. come
B. came
C. would come
D. is coming
例题 3. It was essential that the application form _____ back on time.
A. must be sent
B. was sent
C. be sent
D. were sent
4. 在lest 和for fear that(以免),in case(以防)引导目的状语从句从句中用should, should 可以省略.
She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates.
Have your gun ready in case we should need it.
例题1. Keep quiet in case you ____ him when he is busy．
A. Interrupted
B. interrupts
B. C. interrupt D. be interrupted
例题2. You must wake him up early lest he___ late for
school．
A. is
B. were
C. was
D. be
5.在insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气.
She insists that she is right.
She insisted that I should finish the work at once.
例题1：I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him
A. on him to go; should be
B. he went; be
C. he go; was
D. he should to; is
例题 2. The department head insisted that he _____ absolute authority to regulate office work.
A. gives
B. is given
C. would give
D. be given
6. prefer+that-clause.在that宾语从句中,我们应当用虚拟语气"should+动词原形",其中的should可以省略。

We prefer that each new student take a science course. 我们希望每位新生修一门理科课程.
例题：we prefer that the plan ＿before being put into execution .
A. is fully discussed
B. must be fully discussed
C. be fully discussed
D will be fully discussed
三．在It’s about/ high time 后的that 从句中,用过去式.表示‚该是做什么的时候了‛
It is about time you were in bed.
It is high time we left.
例题：It is high time that we ____ a meeting to discuss this problem
A. hold
B. held
C. have held
D. had held
四．混合条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。

If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。

）
If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
例题 1.Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right now
A. are
B. were
C. would be
D. would have been
例题 2. If he were really interested in buying the apartment, Jack
______an offer before now.
A. were made
B. will make
C. would have made
D. would make
五．省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。

有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。

If he had worked harder, he would have got through the
exams.==>Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.
If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday.==>Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.
If I were in your place, I wouldn’t do that.==>Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that.
例题1：_____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge
A. Were
B. Should
C. Would
D. Will
例题 2. ____hard, he would have passed the exam.
A. If he were to work
B. Had he worked
C. Should he work
D. Were he to work
虚拟语气复习题
51. It was essential that all the files ____ to the president’s office by the end
of this month.
A. must be handed in
B. be handed in
C. hand in
D. had been handed in
52. I known it, I would have told you.
A. Had
B. If
C. Having
D. Have
53. It is generally thought to be of importance to a man that he _____ himself.
A. knew
B. know
C. knows
D. must know
54. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.
A. will be
B. was
C. would be
D. would have been
55. ____ right now, she would get there on Sunday.
A. Were she to leave
B. If she leaves
C. Would she leave
D. If she had left
56. He makes a note of the assignments lest he ____ it.
A. forgets
B. will forget
C. forgot
D. forget
57. Frankly, I would rather you _____ anything about it for the time being.
A. don’t do
B. don’t
C. didn’t do
D. didn’t
58. _____ for your laziness , you could have finished the assignment by now.
A. Had it not been
B. Weren’t it
C. It were not
D. Had not it been
59. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _____our chairman now.
A. must be
B. would be
C. shall be
D. would have been
60. The doctor’s advice is that the patient _____ about his real physical
condition.
A. be not told
B. won’t be told
C. not be told
D. not tell
61. It is recommended that the project ____ until all the preparations have
been made.
A. will not be started
B. not be started
C. is not started
D. is not to be started
62. It is important that the hotel receptionist _____ that guests are registered correctly.
A. has made sure
B. made sure
C. make sure
D. must make sure
63. _____ your help, I would not have succeeded.
A. But that
B. But for
C. But if
D. Thanks to
64. If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell , you
____ now.
A. wouldn’t be smiling
B. couldn’t have smiled
C. didn’t smile
D. wouldn’t smile
65. The traffic was very heavy; otherwise I ____ here 50 minutes sooner.
A. would be
B. should be
C. had been
D. would have been
66. His government insisted that he _____ until he finished his degree.
A. would stay
B. stay
C. stayed
D. shall stay
67. His proposal is that the plan ______ at once.
A. is carried out
B. would be carried out
C. be carried out
D. is being carried out
68. If he were really interested in buying the apartment, Jack ______ an offer before now.
A. must have made
B. will make
C. would have made
D. would make
69. If only I _____ differently, he might still be alive now.
A. had behaved
B. behaved
C. have behaved
D. behave
70. Henry ______ a rich man today if he had been more economical in the past.
A. will be
B. had been
C. were
D. would be。