深水网箱养殖现状

深水网箱养殖现状

摘要：深水网箱是指设置在相对较深海域, 养殖容量较大, 具有较强的抗风浪、流动性能的海上养殖设施。它在拓展养殖海域、减轻沿岸环境压力、提高养殖鱼的质量、增加养殖效益等方面已显示出明显的优势。我国在深水网箱养殖方面起步较晚，但因其高效益、高性能近年在全国沿海省市引发了国产化研制的热潮。随着深水网箱业的快速发展, 带来的问题也逐渐显现, 养殖系统一次性投资较大, 产业配套不完善, 包括深水网箱的配套设施、养殖技术与主养品种、养殖布局与养殖容量、饲料与病害防治、产品加工与流通等, 直接制约了深水网箱的发展,结果是导致深水网箱养殖设施空置率偏高。解决深水网箱养殖产业化发展存在的问题, 首先实施深水网箱高技术集成, 完成养殖产业链(群) 的连接, 建立全新养殖模式, 与渔业产业结构性调整的政策性衔接,是深水网箱产业化的重要研究课题。所以建议今后对此产业加强宏观管理和指导, 改进设施, 改善管理, 加强科技投入, 提高业者素质, 扩大经营规模, 提高产品质量, 借鉴世界上渔业发达国家的经验, 使这一产业健康、持续发展。

关键词：深水网箱；养殖产业；现状；持续发展

The current situation of deep-water net cage culture Abstract: Deep-water net cage is generally referred to as marine culture facilities which is set at a relatively deep water area and has a relatively large culture capacity and stronger anti-wave, flow and wind abilities. Ever since it was developed, it has the advantages over others in such aspects as widening culture areas, releasing inshore culture stress on environment, improving fish quality and increasing culture benefits etc. Deep-water net cage culture started relatively late in China，Because of its high efficiency, high performance，a domestic development boom raised in the nation's coastal provinces and cities in recent years. With the rapid development o f deep-water net cage, the problem appeared gradually，The investment of the deep-w ate r net cage culture system w as big for the first time，The net cage industry did not form a complete set perfectly，Such as auxiliary facility of deep-water net cage, culture technology and ma in culture breed, culture over all arrangement and culture capacity feed and disease prevention and cure, product processing and circulation, and so on, restricted the development o f deep-water net cage directly and induced the high vacancy rate of deep-water net cage culture facility，How to settle the existing problem of industrialization development of deep-water net cage? Implement o f the high techno logy integration of deep-water net cage, accomplishment of the culture industry in link, establishment of the complete newly culture m ode, linkage o f the policy for fishery industry structure rectify are the important research items of the deep-water net cage industry.

Keywords: deep-water net cage; aquaculture industry; current situation; sustainable development

随着全球人口增长、资源短缺和环境恶化问题愈发突出，陆地资源已难以充分满足社会发展的需求3． 6 亿km2 浩瀚的海洋是一种潜力巨大的资源宝库，是人类食物的重要来源，也是增加人类优质蛋白质的“粮仓”，海洋正在成为人类的第二生存空间，21 世纪人类对海洋的开发与利用将迎来一个空前迅猛的发展时代。随着科学技术的进步，海水设施养殖成为世界各国开发和利用海洋的重要途径，也是我国新时期向海洋领域拓展的重要战略举措。深水网箱是海水设施养殖的重要战略方向，是海水养殖先进生产力的代表，在提升海水养殖产业技术水平、拓展海水养殖空间、保护近海生态环境等方面具有重要作用。

1 深水网箱养殖的特点

1.1 深水网箱养殖拓展了养殖海域, 其养殖海区通常在水深15~ 40 m, 某些网箱养殖区域可