中国叠合盆地油气成藏研究进展与发展方向_以塔里木盆地为例_庞雄奇

石油勘探与开发

2012年12月PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT Vol.39 No.6 649 文章编号：1000-0747(2012)06-0649-08

中国叠合盆地油气成藏研究进展与发展方向

——以塔里木盆地为例

庞雄奇1,2，周新源3，鄢盛华4，王招明3，杨海军3，姜福杰1,2，

沈卫兵1,2，高帅1,2

（1. 中国石油大学（北京）油气资源与探测国家重点实验室；2. 中国石油大学（北京）盆地与油藏研究中心；

3. 中国石油塔里木油田公司；

4. 中国石油大学（北京）机械与储运工程学院）

基金项目：国家重点基础研究发展规划（973）项目（2006CB202308；2011CB201100）

摘要：塔里木叠合盆地具备多套生储盖组合、多期生排油气作用和多旋回油气成藏作用，为了发展和完善叠合盆地油气成藏理论，总结了叠合盆地研究进展并分析其发展方向。叠合盆地研究主要取得4大进展：①发现了叠合盆地广泛分布的复杂油气藏；②建立了复杂油气藏成因模式；③揭示了复杂油气藏的改造机制；④提出了构造叠加改造复杂油气藏评价模型。叠合盆地功能要素组合控制油气藏的形成和分布，后期构造作用的叠加复合导致了早期油气藏的调整、改造和破坏。叠合盆地油气成藏研究的发展方向主要包括3个方面：①多要素联合控藏模式研究；②油气复合成藏机制研究；③油气藏调整改造机理及预测模式研究，尤其是针对叠合盆地深部开展该方面的研究更具理论和现实意义。图6表1参38

关键词：叠合盆地；复杂油气藏；多要素匹配；构造变动；晚期成藏效应；相势源复合

中图分类号：TE122.2 文献标识码：A

Research advances and direction of hydrocarbon accumulation in the superimposed

basins, China: Take the Tarim Basin as an example

Pang Xiongqi1,2, Zhou Xinyuan3, Yan Shenghua4, Wang Zhaoming3, Yang Haijun3, Jiang Fujie1,2,

Shen Weibing1,2, Gao Shuai1,2

(1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;

2. Research Center of Basin and Reservoir, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;

3. PetroChina

Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla 841000, China; 4. College of Mechanical and Transportation

Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China)

Abstract: The superimposed basins in the Tarim Basin are characterized by multiple source-reservoir-caprock combinations, multiple stages of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, and multicycle hydrocarbon accumulation. To develop and improve the reservoir forming theory of superimposed basins, this paper summarizes the progress in the study of superimposed basins and predicts its development direction. Four major progresses were made in the superimposed basin study: (1) widely-distributed of complex hydrocarbon reservoirs in superimposed basins were discovered; (2) the genesis models of complex hydrocarbon reservoirs were built;

(3) the transformation mechanisms of complex hydrocarbon reservoirs were revealed; (4) the evaluation models for superimposed and

transformed complex hydrocarbon reservoirs by tectonic events were proposed. Function elements jointly control the formation and distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs, and the superimposition and overlapping of structures at later stage lead to the adjustment, transformation and destruction of hydrocarbon reservoirs formed at early stage. The study direction of hydrocarbon accumulation in superimposed basins mainly includes three aspects: (1) the study on modes of controlling reservoir by multiple elements; (2) the study on composite hydrocarbon-accumulation mechanism; (3) the study on hydrocarbon reservoir adjustment and reconstruction mechanism and prediction models, which has more theoretical and practical significance for deep intervals in superimposed basins.

Key words:superimposed basins; complex hydrocarbon reservoirs; multiple element combination; tectonic event; late hydrocarbon accumulation effect; facies-potential-source combination

0 引言

中国大陆处于西伯利亚板块、印度板块与太平洋板块之间，具有板块面积小、长期处于活动状态的地质特征[1]。由于特殊的地理位置和构造背景，中国广泛发育的沉积盆地往往具有各地质时期沉积地层的“叠