人教版九年级英语下册《被动语态》教案3.doc

被动语态

(一)语态分类

英语动词有两种语态 .，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：

They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动 )

A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动 )

汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词 be +及物动词的过去分词构成。

(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化

主要体现在 be 的变化上，其形式与系动词 be 的变化形式完全一样。以give 为例，列表如下：

一般现在时： am / is / are + done

一般过去时： was / were + done

一般将来时： shall / will + be done

一般过去将来时： should / would + be done

现在进行时： am / is / are + being + done

过去进行时： was / were + being + done

现在完成时： have / has + been + done

过去完成时： had + been + done

将来完成时： shall /will + have been + done

过去将来完成时： should / would + have been + done

［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。

(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态

1.一般现在时：

(1)People grow rice in the south of the country.

Rice is grown in the south of the country.

2.一般过去时：

(1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.

The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.

3.一般将来时：

(1)They will send cars abroad by sea.

Cars will be sent abroad by sea.

4.过去将来时：

(1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 5.现在进行时：

(1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons.

English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.

6.过去进行时：

(1)The workers were mending the road.

The road was being mended.

7.现在完成时：

(1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.

I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.

8.过去完成时：

(1)When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.

When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.

(四）含有情态动词的被动语态：

含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。

(1)You must hand in your compositions after class.

Your compositions must be handed in after class.

(五)被动语态的使用

1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。

“ Mr. White, the cup was broken after class.”

2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。

These records were made by John Denver.

The cup was broken by Paul.

3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用 in +名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。

These cars were made in China.

(六)主动语态变被动语态的方法

（1）My aunt invitedmeto her dinner party.

主语谓语宾语

→Iwas invited(by my aunt ) to her dinner party.

主语谓语宾语

（2）The school set up a special class to help poor readers.

→A special class tohelp poor readers was set up in the school.

1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。

2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be +过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。

3.把主动语态的主语变为介词 by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。

如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in +地点名词作状语。

(七)语态转换时所注意的问题

1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

We have bought a new computer.

A new computer has been bought.(正确 )

A new computer have been bought.(错误 )

2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。

My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.

I was given a present on my birthday.

如果把直接宾语 (指物 )改为主语，则在间接宾语 (指人 )前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：

A present was given to me yesterday.