翻译的语言对比规律语义词法句法思维-资料
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English belongs to Indo-European language family or Indo-Germanic system (including Europe, Western Asia and India).
Chinese belongs to Sino-Tibetan language family (including Chinese, Tibetan and Burmese).
brush, inkstick, inkstone and paper)
文明礼貌月 Socialist Ethics and Coursty Month
特困生 the most needy students
一穷二白 poor and blank
乌纱帽 an official post
五岳
the Five Sacred Mountains
6
2. Partial correspondence or mostly correspondence marriage 娶、嫁 sister 姐、妹 gun 枪、炮 Wife: 妻子、爱人、老伴、内人、贱内、夫人、老婆； president: 总统、主席、校长、议长、会长、社长； Morning: 早晨、上午
《新编英汉翻译教程 》
A NEW COURSEBOOK ON ENGLISH-CHINESE TRANSLATION
Chapter 5 Rules of Language Comparisons
第五章 翻译的语言对比规律
1
Differences between English and Chinese
So-called comprehensive language refers to that the meaning of the language is expressed by the change of the form of the word itself such as case, number, tense and so on. Chinese is an analytic language. So-called analytic language means that the relationship of words is expressed not by the form of word itself-----but by empty word ,particle and word order and so on.
4
Difference of sentence structure:
English sentences are well-knit, close and compact In English, nouns, especially the abstract nouns and prepositions are widely used, just like a series of Grapes.
English is an alphabetic character (拼音r (表意文
字).
3
Different nature of language: English is a comprehensive language.
五经 The Five Classics (The Book of Poetry, The Book of History, The Book of Changes, The Book of
Rites and The Spring and Autumn Annuals)
10
４. Word collocation cut ： cut wheat 割麦子
7
部分对应造成翻译时的选择，如对于morning 的 翻译：
Late in the morning 接近晌午 Early in the morning 一大早 Mid－ morning: 上午十点左右 Mid-afternoon: 下午三、四点
8
3. Non-correspondence or almost noncorrespondence
I. Semantic differences II. Differences in lexicology III.Syntactic differences IV.Differences of mode of thinking
2
General introduction
Different language families:
Chinese sentences are concise and explicit In Chinese, verbs are widely used, just like a Bamboo
5
I. Semantic differences
1. Full correspondence Only found in generally adopted technical terms
cut cake 切蛋糕 cut finger-nails 剪指甲
wear ：He wore dark glasses, and thick jersey,
Teenager: 13至19岁的青少年 Clock－watcher: 老是看钟等下班的人 Dink = double income no kids 丁克家族
9
糖葫芦 Tanghulu, a sugar-coated fruit on the stick
文房四宝 the four treasures of the study (writing
or coincidence among common words Radar=雷达 New York =纽约 Tianjin University=天津大学 The U.S. State Department =美国国务院 The Pacific Ocean =太平洋 helicopter =直升飞机
Chinese belongs to Sino-Tibetan language family (including Chinese, Tibetan and Burmese).
brush, inkstick, inkstone and paper)
文明礼貌月 Socialist Ethics and Coursty Month
特困生 the most needy students
一穷二白 poor and blank
乌纱帽 an official post
五岳
the Five Sacred Mountains
6
2. Partial correspondence or mostly correspondence marriage 娶、嫁 sister 姐、妹 gun 枪、炮 Wife: 妻子、爱人、老伴、内人、贱内、夫人、老婆； president: 总统、主席、校长、议长、会长、社长； Morning: 早晨、上午
《新编英汉翻译教程 》
A NEW COURSEBOOK ON ENGLISH-CHINESE TRANSLATION
Chapter 5 Rules of Language Comparisons
第五章 翻译的语言对比规律
1
Differences between English and Chinese
So-called comprehensive language refers to that the meaning of the language is expressed by the change of the form of the word itself such as case, number, tense and so on. Chinese is an analytic language. So-called analytic language means that the relationship of words is expressed not by the form of word itself-----but by empty word ,particle and word order and so on.
4
Difference of sentence structure:
English sentences are well-knit, close and compact In English, nouns, especially the abstract nouns and prepositions are widely used, just like a series of Grapes.
English is an alphabetic character (拼音r (表意文
字).
3
Different nature of language: English is a comprehensive language.
五经 The Five Classics (The Book of Poetry, The Book of History, The Book of Changes, The Book of
Rites and The Spring and Autumn Annuals)
10
４. Word collocation cut ： cut wheat 割麦子
7
部分对应造成翻译时的选择，如对于morning 的 翻译：
Late in the morning 接近晌午 Early in the morning 一大早 Mid－ morning: 上午十点左右 Mid-afternoon: 下午三、四点
8
3. Non-correspondence or almost noncorrespondence
I. Semantic differences II. Differences in lexicology III.Syntactic differences IV.Differences of mode of thinking
2
General introduction
Different language families:
Chinese sentences are concise and explicit In Chinese, verbs are widely used, just like a Bamboo
5
I. Semantic differences
1. Full correspondence Only found in generally adopted technical terms
cut cake 切蛋糕 cut finger-nails 剪指甲
wear ：He wore dark glasses, and thick jersey,
Teenager: 13至19岁的青少年 Clock－watcher: 老是看钟等下班的人 Dink = double income no kids 丁克家族
9
糖葫芦 Tanghulu, a sugar-coated fruit on the stick
文房四宝 the four treasures of the study (writing
or coincidence among common words Radar=雷达 New York =纽约 Tianjin University=天津大学 The U.S. State Department =美国国务院 The Pacific Ocean =太平洋 helicopter =直升飞机