简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句)

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专题 12 简单句(陈述Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu、疑问 句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句)
┃考点直击 ┃ 1 陈述句 陈述句是用于陈述事实和观点的句子,包括肯定结构和 否定结构。肯定句变否定句的基本方法如下: 1.be 动词的否定式: 在be动词后面加否定词not。如: We aren't classmates. 我们不是同学。 2.情态动词的否定式: 在情态动词后面直接加否定词 not。如: I can't speak English well. 我的英语说得不好。
专题 12┃ 简单句
3.[2013· 乌鲁木齐] —I don't like documentaries. —________ . C A. So do I B. So I do C.Neither do I D. Either do I 4.You've just finished your listening exam. Please get yourself ready for the next part, ________ ? B A.shall we B.will you C.do you D.are you 5.[2013· 黔东南] —We have never been to Mexico. What about Jeff? —________. He hopes to visit some day. A A.Neither has he B. Neither does he C.So has he D. So does he 专题 12┃ 简单句
专题 12┃ 简单句
(7)反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis -等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时,陈述部分要视为肯定含义, 问句部分用否定形式。如: It is unfair, isn't it? 它是不公正的,不是吗? (8)陈述部分为肯定的祈使句时,反意疑问句部分可用“will you/won't you”; 陈述部分为否定的祈使句时,反意疑问句部 分只能用“will you”。 如: Don't make any noise, will you? 不要制造噪音,好吗? 专题 12┃ 简单句
4 感叹句
感叹句一般用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹 句常用what或how引导,句末用感叹号。 1.what引导的感叹句 (1)What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如: What a difficult question it is!多么难的一个问题啊! (2)What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词(+主语+谓 语)!如: What useful information!多有用的信息啊!
8.[2012· 广东] —You haven't been to the West Lake, have you? —________. But I will go there with my parents this A summer vacation. A.No, I haven't B.No, I didn't C.Yes, I have D.Yes, I did [解析] 此处的“No, I haven't.”意为“是的,我没有去 过。” 9.[2013· 安顺] Our town has changed a lot,________. B A.so he has B. so has his C.so is hers D. so has he 专题 12┃ 简单句
┃语法专练 ┃ 1.I don't think she will pass the exam, ________ ? B A.won't she B.will she C.does she D.doesn't she [解析] 反意疑问句的陈述部分为“I(We) don't think (believe, suppose, consider)+ that从句”时,问句部分 的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。
专题 12┃ 简单句
2.—Mr Wang's never been to Canada, has he? —________. He went there on business last week. B A.No, he hasn't B.Yes, he has C.No, he has D.Yes, he hasn't [解析] 反意疑问句的答语要根据事实来回答。由答语 “He went there on business last week.”可知他去过,故 选B。
3 祈使句 祈使句是表示请求、命令、劝告、祝愿或建议的句子。其否 定式是直接在动词原形前加don't。常见的祈使句的基本句型 如下: 1.动词原形+其他。 如: Be careful.小心。 2.Do +动词原形(加强语气)。如: Do be careful next time.下次要小心。 3.加please的祈使句(表示更加客气和礼貌)。如: Open the door, please.请打开门。 专题 12┃ 简单句
专题 12┃ 简单句
2 疑问句 疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题,询问情况。它分为一般 疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。 1.一般疑问句: 通常用来询问一件事情是否属实。答句通 常是“Yes”或“No”。如: —Are you tired? 你累吗? —Yes, I am.是的,我累。 2.选择疑问句: 提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选 择。如: Shall we go home or stay here for the night? 我们回家还是待在这里过夜? 专题 12┃ 简单句
专题 12┃ 简单句
中考中常见的反意疑问句的构成情况如下: (1)陈述部分为“Let us…”时,问句部分习惯上用“will you?”; 陈述部分为“Let's”…时,问句部分习惯上用 “shall we?”。如: Let us go to the cinema, will you? 让我们去看电影好吗? Let's go to the cinema, shall we? 让我们去看电影好吗?
6.[2012· 滨州] She can hardly write her own name, ________ ? A A.can she B.can't she C.need she D.needn't she [解析] hardly 意为“几乎不”,表示否定,故反意疑 问句应用肯定形式。 7. [2013· 铜仁] —I really hate to go to such a noisy place. —________ . B A.So am I B. So do I C.So have I D. So can I 专题 12┃ 简单句
专题 12┃ 简单句
2.how引导的感叹句 (1)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!如: How kind they are! 他们多和蔼啊! (2)How+陈述句(主语+谓语)!如: How time flies!时间飞逝! 3.what引导的感叹句可以和how引导的感叹句互换。如: What a good girl!=How good the girl is! 多好的女孩啊!
专题 12┃ 简单句
┃考点过关 ┃ 1.[2013· 黄石] I can't play the piano, and ________ . A A. neither can my sister B.my sister can't, too C. so can't my sister D.can my sister, either 2.[2013· 重庆] —________ does your father play tennis after A work? —Every Tuesday and Thursday. A. How often B.How soon C.Where D.Why 专题 12┃ 简单句
3.[2013· 邵阳] There is little milk in the fridge, ________ ? A A. is there B.isn't there C.isn't it 4.[2013· 青岛] —________ it is today! B —Yes. Shall we go hiking? A. How fine weather B.What fine weather C.What a fine weather D.How fine the weather 5.[2013· 安顺] Tom, ________ afraid of speaking in front of D people. You are the best one. A. don't B.not C.not be D.don't be 专题 12┃ 简单句
(5)陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词时,问句部分的主语 用he或 they,这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。如: Someone is knocking at the door, isn't he? 有人在敲门,不是吗? (6)反意疑问句的陈述部分为“I (We) don't think(believe, suppose, consider等)+ that从句”时,问句部分的动词和主 语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如: I don't think that he has finished the work on time, has he? 我认为他没有按时完成工作,不是吗?
专题 12┃ 简单句
5 倒装句 1.副词位于句首时。here, there, now, then等副词置于句 首时句子要倒装,谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。这种 倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不 能完全倒装。如: Here he comes.他来了。
3.特殊疑问句: 以疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句 子叫特殊疑问句。如: What do you like most? 你最喜欢什么? 4.反意疑问句: 反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,由两部分组 成,前一部分是对事物的陈述(即陈述句),后一部分是简短的 提问(即简短疑问句),中间用逗号隔开。反意疑问句遵循“前 否后肯”、“前肯后否”的原则,且两部分的人称和时态要一 致。
专题 12┃ 简单句
(2)陈述部分为“There (Here)+ be + 主语”时,问句部分 用“be+not+there(here)?”形式。如: There are two cakes on the plate, aren't there? 盘子里有两块蛋糕,不是吗? (3)反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时,问句部分用肯定式。如: She seldom goes swimming, does she? 她很少去游泳,是吗? (4)陈述部分的主语为指物的不定代词时,问句部分的主语 用it。如: Something is wrong with the computer, isn't it? 那台电脑有问题了,不是吗? 专题 12┃ 简单句
专题 12┃ 简单句
3.实义动词的否定式: 借助助动词do/does/did。一般现在 时的句子的否定结构: 主语+doesn't/don't +动词原形+其 他。如: He doesn't do exercise every day. 他不是每天锻炼。 4. 含助动词will, have, has, be的否定式:在后面直接加not。 如: He hasn't been there.他没去过那儿。
专题 12┃ 简单句
2.only在句首强调状语时。如: Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。 3.以so/neither/nor开头的句子。 此句型说明前面的内容也适用于后者,用倒装句 “so/neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”。如: John can't swim, neither can I. 约翰不会游泳,我也不会。
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