英语学术论文写作PPTunit3
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Notes
Taking notes while reading the collected literature helps students to record the information, to document the source, to understand and organize the ideas stimulated by their reflections on what they have read. Careful note-taking can ensure that the students appropriately credit authors for their original ideas, facts, and direct quotations. In addition, well-written and well-organized notes make it easier and more efficient to write the paper.
3.2 Content of Notes
3.2 Content of Notes
How to Write a Dissertation in English
Con 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Q
The content of a note includes whatever a student thinks he or she might need for his or her research paper. Important thoughts, ideas, quotes, facts or statistics often make up the content of a note. Summarize the information as much as possible in one’ own words because this will help avoid inadvertently plagiarizing information. Put double quotation marks around any material copied and make sure the information is transferred accurately. To be specific, a note usually includes the following items: 1. The background information; 2. A summary of general ideas supporting the preliminary thesis statement; 3. Explanatory information such as definition, a plot summary and bibliographical data; 4. Direct quotations, examples, facts and anecdotes; 5. Statistics such as percentages, weights, amount of money, ratios and dates.
3.1 Evaluation of Sources
How to Write a Dissertation in English
Con 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Q
5. It is current in terms of both its publication date and its information. Remember that knowledge changes more rapidly in some fields than in others. Ideas in the humanities, for example, tend to remain consistent longer than those in the sciences, where constant research and new technology change existing knowledge daily (Dees 145).
3.1 Evaluation of Sources
How to Write a Dissertation in English
Con 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Q
likely to give biased information, whereas a person working at science and technology tends to provide information based on facts. 3. Pay attention to the sources. Are the sources primary or secondary? Does the author write about his own experience and discovery, or retell others’ experiences and discoveries? Generally speaking, primary sources are more reliable than secondary ones. 4. Pay attention to the objectivity of the sources. Are the sources biased or objective? Generally speaking, a party’ paper, religious publications, sensationalistic publications and sometimes government reports are biased, while scholarly journals and publications by a university press or an independent organization are more objective. National Enquirer, Weekly World News, The Star Reporter, and Watch Tower belong to the former whereas Journal of the American Medical Association, Philosophy & Public Affairs, ELT Journal, Applied Linguistics and Foreign Literature Review belong to the latter.
1. It was written by a reliable authority whose methods and reasoning appear valid. Not everything you use in your research has to (or should) be written by someone with a Ph. D., but the author’ education, experience with the topic, and reputation should play a major part in your evaluation and use of a work. 2. It offers facts and ideas other sources do not. 3. It sets forth facts and ideas that do not contradict known concepts or other works without good evidence. 4. It demonstrates knowledge and consideration of other viewpoints and research in the field. Look for discussion of opposing ideas, as well as the application and citation of others’ works.
The following tips are helpful in evaluating sources:
1. Pay attention to the author’ name, the title of the book, the publication information such as publisher, publication date and so on. From these students can sense whether the material is related to their topic, whether the author is an authority in the field and whether the information in the book is up-to-date. Generally speaking, if all other things are equal, recent sources are preferable, especially materials concerning science and technology. 2. Pay attention to information which leads to the author’ attitude. The author’ job and religion may influence his research. In general, a person who works at religion or politics is
3.1 Evaluation of Sources
3.1 Evaluation of Sources
How to Write a Dissertation in English
Con 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Q
It is necessary to evaluate the sources before starting reading and taking notes. Students should not always take what is in print as correct.
Some people like to take notes on sheets of paper or in a notebook; some prefer to take notes on cards while others choose to take notes on computers. Now, with the popularisation of home computers, taking notes on computers is highly recommended
3.1 Evaluation of Sources
How to Write a Dissertation in English
Con 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Q
Robert Dees sets the following criteria for evaluating sources:
Chapter 3
Taking Notes
because notes in computers can be easily stored, retrieved, rearranged and used as the students wish. However, some people find cards more friendly and convenient. It is up to the student to decide which way works best for him or her.
How to Write a Dissertation in English
Chapter 3
Taking Notes
3.1 Evaluation of Sources 3.2 Content of Notes 3.3 Tips on Note-taking 3.4 Types of Notes 3.5 Taking Notes on Computers 3.6 Avoiding Plagiarism Questions
Taking notes while reading the collected literature helps students to record the information, to document the source, to understand and organize the ideas stimulated by their reflections on what they have read. Careful note-taking can ensure that the students appropriately credit authors for their original ideas, facts, and direct quotations. In addition, well-written and well-organized notes make it easier and more efficient to write the paper.
3.2 Content of Notes
3.2 Content of Notes
How to Write a Dissertation in English
Con 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Q
The content of a note includes whatever a student thinks he or she might need for his or her research paper. Important thoughts, ideas, quotes, facts or statistics often make up the content of a note. Summarize the information as much as possible in one’ own words because this will help avoid inadvertently plagiarizing information. Put double quotation marks around any material copied and make sure the information is transferred accurately. To be specific, a note usually includes the following items: 1. The background information; 2. A summary of general ideas supporting the preliminary thesis statement; 3. Explanatory information such as definition, a plot summary and bibliographical data; 4. Direct quotations, examples, facts and anecdotes; 5. Statistics such as percentages, weights, amount of money, ratios and dates.
3.1 Evaluation of Sources
How to Write a Dissertation in English
Con 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Q
5. It is current in terms of both its publication date and its information. Remember that knowledge changes more rapidly in some fields than in others. Ideas in the humanities, for example, tend to remain consistent longer than those in the sciences, where constant research and new technology change existing knowledge daily (Dees 145).
3.1 Evaluation of Sources
How to Write a Dissertation in English
Con 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Q
likely to give biased information, whereas a person working at science and technology tends to provide information based on facts. 3. Pay attention to the sources. Are the sources primary or secondary? Does the author write about his own experience and discovery, or retell others’ experiences and discoveries? Generally speaking, primary sources are more reliable than secondary ones. 4. Pay attention to the objectivity of the sources. Are the sources biased or objective? Generally speaking, a party’ paper, religious publications, sensationalistic publications and sometimes government reports are biased, while scholarly journals and publications by a university press or an independent organization are more objective. National Enquirer, Weekly World News, The Star Reporter, and Watch Tower belong to the former whereas Journal of the American Medical Association, Philosophy & Public Affairs, ELT Journal, Applied Linguistics and Foreign Literature Review belong to the latter.
1. It was written by a reliable authority whose methods and reasoning appear valid. Not everything you use in your research has to (or should) be written by someone with a Ph. D., but the author’ education, experience with the topic, and reputation should play a major part in your evaluation and use of a work. 2. It offers facts and ideas other sources do not. 3. It sets forth facts and ideas that do not contradict known concepts or other works without good evidence. 4. It demonstrates knowledge and consideration of other viewpoints and research in the field. Look for discussion of opposing ideas, as well as the application and citation of others’ works.
The following tips are helpful in evaluating sources:
1. Pay attention to the author’ name, the title of the book, the publication information such as publisher, publication date and so on. From these students can sense whether the material is related to their topic, whether the author is an authority in the field and whether the information in the book is up-to-date. Generally speaking, if all other things are equal, recent sources are preferable, especially materials concerning science and technology. 2. Pay attention to information which leads to the author’ attitude. The author’ job and religion may influence his research. In general, a person who works at religion or politics is
3.1 Evaluation of Sources
3.1 Evaluation of Sources
How to Write a Dissertation in English
Con 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Q
It is necessary to evaluate the sources before starting reading and taking notes. Students should not always take what is in print as correct.
Some people like to take notes on sheets of paper or in a notebook; some prefer to take notes on cards while others choose to take notes on computers. Now, with the popularisation of home computers, taking notes on computers is highly recommended
3.1 Evaluation of Sources
How to Write a Dissertation in English
Con 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Q
Robert Dees sets the following criteria for evaluating sources:
Chapter 3
Taking Notes
because notes in computers can be easily stored, retrieved, rearranged and used as the students wish. However, some people find cards more friendly and convenient. It is up to the student to decide which way works best for him or her.
How to Write a Dissertation in English
Chapter 3
Taking Notes
3.1 Evaluation of Sources 3.2 Content of Notes 3.3 Tips on Note-taking 3.4 Types of Notes 3.5 Taking Notes on Computers 3.6 Avoiding Plagiarism Questions