初二英语情态动词教案
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情态动词
初中阶段学习的情态动词主要有can/could,may/might,must,have to,shall/should,will/would,need,dare,be able to等。
can 表示能力,意为“能会”
表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中
表示请求,允许,意为“可以”
could can 的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的能力
在疑问句中表示委婉请求
may 表示请求、许可,意为“可以”
表示推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“可能、也许”
might may的过去式
表示推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“ 可能、也许”
must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、应该”
表示有把握的推测,用语肯定句
Need 表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中
dare 表示敢于,主要用于否定句和疑问句中
should 意为“ 应该”,表示要求和命令
表示劝告、建议
had better 意为“最好”,表示建议
used to 意为“过去常常,表示过去的动作、行为
1.Can
(1)能够,会(表体力和智力方面具有的能力,可与be able to互换),如:
Can you draw horses?(智力方面)你会画马吗?
We can go skating.(体力方面)我们会滑冰。
(2)可能(表客观的可能性或推测,用于否定句和疑问句),如:
You can't be wrong.(可能性)你一定没错。
(3)表示非正式的请求或许可,此时可与may互换,但may更为正式。
如:
Can/May l borrow your book?我可以借一下你的书吗?
2. could的用法
(1)can的过去式,意为“ 能、会” ,表示过去的能力。
如:
He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。
(2)但当could出现在句首引导问句时,通常不做过去式,而表达委婉的请求或建议,此时could 没有过去式的意思。
如:
Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗?
---Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗?
--Yes, you can. 可以。
3.can 和be able to
两者表示能力时用法相同,但can 只有原形“can” 和过去式“ could ”两种形式,在其他时态中要用be able to 来表示。
另外be able to 常常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。
如:
Jim can’t speak English. 吉姆不会说英语。
He could speak English at 5. 他五岁时就会说英语。
We’ll be able to see him next week.下星期我们将会见到他。
He has been able to drive. 他已经会开车了。
I ‘ m sure you ‘ll be able to finish it quickly.
我相信你能迅速地完成。
We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.
我们能在中午到达山顶。
4.May
(1)表许可,用于陈述句。
如:
You may go home now.你现在可以回家了。
(2)表正式的请求或许可,用于一般疑问句。
回答may提出的问题,肯定形式为Yes,
please./Yes,you may.否定形式为No,you mustn't/No,you can't.如:
May I use your computer?No,you can't.
我可以用一下你的电脑吗?不,不可以。
(3)或许,大概(表可能性,用于陈述句,语气没有must强烈,只有百分之五十的可能性),
如:
He may come tomorrow.他明天可能会来(不太有把握)。
----_______ I borrow your MP3?
-----Sure . Here you are.
A. May
B.Should
C.Must
D. Would
5.must与have to
(1)must意为“必须,应当”,侧重于说话者的主观看法和认识,其否定式mustn't表示“禁
止,不允许”。
在由must构成的一般问句中,肯定回答“Yes,主语+must”,否定回答“No,主语+needn't/don't have to”。
如:
We must keep our classroom clean.我们必须保持教室干净。
You mustn't smoke here.你不可以在这吸烟。
Must I go to school today?Yes,you must./No,you needn't.
今天我必须去上学吗?是的,你必须去。
/不,你不必去。
(2)have to指在客观条件下,迫使主语“不得不”做某事,它有人称、数及时态的变化,在情态动词中有点特别。
如:
I have to do my homework first.
我不得不先完成家庭作业(虽然不情愿)。
Do you have to stay at home? Yes,I do./No,I don't.
你不得不待在家里吗?是的,我必须。
/不,我不用。
(3)must意为“肯定,一定”,表说话人对事物的肯定推测,有百分之百的把握。
如:
He must be at work.他肯定在上班(非常有把握)。
(4)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时,must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。
(对现在情况的推测判断)
He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较:
He must be staying there.
他现在肯定呆在那里。
He must stay there.
他必须呆在那。
3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式。
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。
4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。
---Why didn't you answer my phone call
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.
5) 否定推测用can't。
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。
6.will和would
注意:
1)would like;Would like to do = want to 想要,为固定搭配。
Would you like to go with me
2)Will you… Would you like…表示肯定含义的请求劝说时,疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。
Would you like some cake
3)否定结构中用will,一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。
Won't you sit down
7.shall和will
(1)shall一般用于第一人称,用于征求意见,提出建议。
will表示“意愿,决心”,可
用于任何人称。
如:
Shall we go to the Zoo?我们去动物园,好吗?
I will try my best to help you.我将尽力帮助你。
(2)should是shall的过去式,但should也可用原形,表示“应当,应该”,此时可与
ought to互换。
如:
We should hand in our homework on time.我们应该按时交作业。
8.should的用法
(1)should 意为“应该” ,可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。
如:
We should protect the environment. 我们应该保护环境。
(2)should (would)like to do sth. 表示“想要、愿意做某事”,常用于口语中。
如:
I should (would) like to go with you . 我愿意和你一起去。
Would you like to go with me? 你想和我一起去吗?
(3)Should have done 表示对过去动作的责备、批评。
如:
You should have finished your homework.
你应该已经完成作业了。
(事实上你没有完成。
)
9..need和dare
need表“需要”,dare表“敢于”,都是“双栖词”。
它们既可做情态动词,也可做行为动词。
用做情态动词时,它们只能用于疑问句,否定句或条件状语从句中;在肯定句中只能用做实义动词,后接名词,用动词不定式(主动含义)或动词现在分词的形式(被动含义)。
1)用作情态动词
--Need I come? --Yes, you must. --我需要来吗? --需要。
You needn’t telephone him now.你现在不必打电话给他。
I don’t think you need worry.我想你不必发愁。
She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。
How dare you say I’m unfair?你竟敢说我不公平?
Not one of them dared mention this. 他们谁也不敢提这件事。
2)用作实义动词
My bike needs repairing.我的自行车需要修理了(被动含义)。
Tom needs to relax.汤姆需要放松(主动含义)。
You don’t need to do it yourself.你不必亲自做这件事。
We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。
The table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。
We should dare to give our own opinion. 我们要敢于提出自己的观点。
He did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。
I dare day he’ll come again.我想他会再来的。
(I dare say…为固定习语)
10.may和might
1)表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。
May God bless you!
He might be at home.
注意:might 表示推测时,不表示时态。
只是可能性比may 小。
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must
B. may
C. can
D. will
11.表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下:
1)情态动词+动词原形。
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.
2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3)情态动词+动词完成时。
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。
表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
Your mother must have been looking for you.
你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意:could, might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can, may。
12.含有情态动词的疑问句
1. 由can、may、must构成的疑问句
(1)句式:Can/ May/ Must…+ 主语+动词原形+….?如:
Can you repair the car? 你会修小汽车吗?
Could he be a good student? 他能是名好学生吗?
May I borrow your ruler? 我可以借你的尺子吗?
Must we clean the room now?我们必须现在打扫房间吗?
(2)对may 引出的问句,可以有下列回答方式:
Yes, of course.
Yes, certainly.
Sure .
No, you mustn’t.
No, you can’t.
(3)对need,must引出的疑问句,回答方式为:
Yes, …must.
No,… needn’t/ don’t have to.
2. will,would,shall 的用法
(1)will 在一般疑问句中表示客气的“请求、劝说”。
would 是will 的过去式,语气更加客气、委婉。
如:
Would you show me your picture book? 你能让我看看你的画册吗?
Will you please give me a call? 请给我打个电话好吗?
(2)对will/ would you…的回答方式有以下几种:
Yes, I will. (No, I won’t.)
Sure . (I’m sorry , I can’t.)
All right.
Certainly. (No, thank you .)
Yes, please.
例---Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily?
-----________.
A.That’s right
B.With pleasure
C.It doesn’t matter
D.No trouble
(3)shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称,表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。
如:我给你把门打开好吗?
我们现在开始好吗?
其回答方式有以下几种:
Yes, please.
All right.
No, thank you.
1)---Could I borrow your dictionary
---Yes, of course, you____.
A. might
B. will
C. can
D. should
2)---Shall I tell John about it
---No, you ___. I've told him already.
A. needn't
B. wouldn't
C. mustn't
D. shouldn't
3)---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
---______.
A. I don't
B.I won't
C. I can't
D. I haven't
不同情态动词的否定意义也不同
1. (1)can’t可译为“不会”,如:I can’t play basketball. 我不会打篮球。
(2)当句子表推测时,用can’t 表达不可能,如:
He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom. 他不可能病了,他正和Tom 下棋呢。
(3)can’t 还可用来回答“ May I …? ” 这样的问句。
如:
May I come in ? 我可以进来吗?
No, you mustn’t. / can’t.不,你不能。
(4)can’t 还可用于固定习语中。
如:
She can’t help crying. 她不禁大哭起来。
2. may 的否定式为may not ,译成“ 可能不”,如:
He may not be at home. 他也许不在家。
3. (1)mustn’t 表示不许,不可。
如:
He mustn’t leave his room. 他不许离开他的房间。
You mustn’t talk in class. 你们不可以在课上说话。
(2) mustn’t也可用于以may 表示要求时的否定回答中。
如:
——May I stand here? 我可以站在这里吗?
------No, you mustn’t(can’t).
不,不行。
4. 1)needn’t 意为“ 不必” 。
如:
You needn’t meet him unless you’d like to.
你不需要见他,除非你愿意。
(2)needn’t + have+ 动词的过去分词,表不需要完成但已完成的动作,暗含时间或精力上的浪费。
如:
You needn’t h ave bought it. 你没必要买它(但你却买了)。
5. shouldn’t 表示不应该。
如:
You shouldn’t feel so unhappy over such little things.
对于这种小事,你不应该感到这么不高兴。
13.情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为:情态动词+ be + done (动词的过去分词)。
做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面。
如:
You needn’t get up so e arly every day.
你不必每天都起这么早。
She shouldn’t speak t her mother in that way.
她不应该用那种方式和妈妈说话。
More and more trees must be planted in China.
在中国必须种植更多的树木。
Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.
很多星星我们都看不到,因为它们离我们太远了。
1. I __________ you, because I thought I must be wrong.
A. dare not ask
B. dare not to ask
C. dare not asking
D. dare to not ask
2. There __________ some flowers in the garden.
A. were used to be
B. used to be
C. uses to be
D. used to be having
3. "__________ I take it out?" "I'm sorry, you __________."
A. Could ...couldn't
B. Might...might not
C. Could...can
D. May...can't
4. You were stupid to climb the tree. You __________ hurt yourself.
A. may
B. might
C. will
D. might have
5. You __________ those letters. Why didn't you ?
A. should post
B. should have posted
C. must have posted
D. ought to post.
6. All the lights are on, the Smiths __________ up.
A. must get
B. is getting
C. must be getting
D. would get
7. He __________ lead a horse to the water but he __________ not make it drink.
A. will...can
B. may...can
C. may...dares
D. dare...can
8. "Need we do this job now?" "Yes, __________."
A. you need
B. you should
C. you must
D. you can
9. __________ to have lunch with us today?
A. Do you likes
B. Would you like
C. Will you liked
D. Have you liked
10. He said that you __________ watch TV all the evening if you wished.
A. may
B. must
C. can
D. might
11. -Is John coming by train? --He should, but he __________ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must
B. can
C. need
D. may
12. Peter __________ come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must
B. can
C. may
D. will
13. Michael __________ be a policeman, for he's much too short.
A. needn't
B. can't
C. shouldn't
D. won't
14. I thought you __________ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes.
A. may
B. might
C. can
D. could
15. I wonder how he __________ that to the teacher.
A. dare to say
B. dare saying
C. not dare say
D. dared say
16. Come on! We __________ hurry because there isn't much time left.
A. may
B. must
C. can
D. need
17. Amy did best in the English test. She __________ hard last week.
A. must have working
B. should have worked
C. should work
D. must work
18. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone __________ get out.
A. had to
B. would
C. could
D. was able to
19. ---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ---Oh, did you? You __________ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed
B. could stay
C. would stay
D. must have stayed
20. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack __________ be here at any moment.
A. must
B. need
C. should
D. can
答案:
1.A
2.B
3.D
4.D
5.B
6.C
7.B
8.C
9.B10.D11.D12.C13.B14.B15.D16.B17.A18.D19.A20.C。