适配体的筛选技术

适配体的筛选技术——SELEX

[摘要] 适配体泛指具有抗体功能的单股寡核苷酸（RNA或DNA），其可形成的特殊的立体结构如以辨识特定的蛋白质。在一定环境下, 单链DNA 或RNA能与某些物质形成多种热力学稳定的三维空间结构而成为各种功能分子。在大多数情况下, 溶液中的单链DNA 或RNA 的空间构象是不确定的, 当有目标分子存在时, 在合适的环境下寡聚单链会发生适应性折叠, 形成发夹( hairpin) 、假结( pseudokno t ) 、凸环( bulg e) 、G-四分体( G-quar tet ) 等特殊结构, 通过氢键、疏水堆积作用、范德华力等与目标分子紧密结合。这种结合不需要依靠通常的核糖磷酸骨架的亲和力, 而且靶物质既可以是蛋白质, 也可以是多肽及小分子物质。这种寡核苷酸片段被称为适配体。适配体的产生是借由一种指数富集配体的系统进化技术

( systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, SELEX)。SELEX是20世纪90年代发展起来的一项组合化学技术。利用该技术可以从随机单链核酸序列库中筛选到特异性与靶物质高度亲和的核酸配体( ap tamer) , 其解离常数可以与单克隆抗体媲美。经过十几年的发展, SELEX技术已经成为一种重要的研究手段和工具,被广泛应用到分子生物学、基因组学、临床医学等众多研究领域, 并且衍生出了混合靶SELEX、体内SELEX、基因组SELEX等各种子技术。随着基因组学和蛋白质组学的深入开展, SELEX技术会有更广泛的应用前景。

[关键词]适配体；指数富集配体的系统进化; 配体;

Aptamer screening technology - SELEX

[Abstract] Aptamers function refers to a single-stranded antibody oligonucleotides (RNA or DNA), which can form three-dimensional structures such as special to identify specific proteins. In certain circumstances, a

single-stranded DNA or RNA can form a variety of substances with certain thermodynamically stable three-dimensional structure for a variety of functional molecules. In most cases, the solution of the single-stranded DNA or RNA conformational is uncertain, when the presence of target molecules in a suitable environment occurs adaptive single-stranded oligo folded forms a hairpin (hairpin) , fake knot (pseudokno t), convex ring (bulg e), G-tetrad (G-quar tet) and other special structure, through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic stacking interactions, van der Waals and other closely integrated with the target molecule. This combination does not need to rely on the usual affinity ribose phosphate backbone and the target substance may be a protein, polypeptide can also be small molecules. This oligonucleotide is called aptamers. Aptamer is produced by means of ligands by exponential enrichment caused by a phylogenetic techniques (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, SELEX). SELEX was in the 1990s developed a combinatorial chemistry techniques. This technology can be single-stranded nucleic acid sequence from a random library was screened with the target substance to a specific high affinity nucleic acid ligands (ap tamer), dissociation constant of the monoclonal antibody can be comparable. After ten years of development, SELEX technology has become an important research tool, and tools are widely applied to molecular biology, genomics, clinical research and many other fields, and derived from a mixed target SELEX, in vivo SELEX, genome SELEX various sub-technologies. With