2003年俄语四级试题答案
2003年09月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷(含答案)
2003年9月四级试题Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.A rectal study, published in last week’s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver, Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone, By contrast, the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional passenger.The author also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 p.m., and especially after midnight, With passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behavior” than with just a lack of driving experience. “The basic issue.” Be says, “is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is.”Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate (使…缓解)the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated licensing systems, in which getting a license is a multistage process. A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult, followed by a period of driving with night of massager restrictions, before graduating to full driving privileges.Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies, About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place, but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers, California is the strictest, with a novice (新手) driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20(without the presence of an adult over 25)for the first six months.21. Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage?A) Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after 10 p.m.B) A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car.C) Adults driving with three or more teenage passengers late at night.D) A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway at midnight.22. According to Robert Foss. The high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to ______.A) their frequent driving at nightB) their improper way of drivingC) their lack of driving experienceD) their driving with passengers23. According to Paragraph 3. which of the following statements is TRUE?A) Teenagers should spend more time learning to drive.B) Driving is a skill too complicated for teenagers to learn.C) Restrictions should be imposed on teenagers applying to take driving lessons.D) The licensing authorities are partly responsible for teenagers' driving accidents.24. A suggested measure to be taken to reduce teenagers' driving accidents is that ________ .A) driving in the presence of an adult should be made a ruleB) they should be prohibited from taking on passengersC) they should not be allowed to drive after 10 p.m.D) the licensing system should be improved25. The present situation in about half of the states is that the graduatedlicensing system ________.A) is under discussionB) is about to be set upC) has been put into effectD) has been perfectedPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.If you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that companies the graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training.That's especially true of booing fields that are challenging for workers. AtCornell's School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor's degree graduates get an average of four or five jobs offers with salaries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience.But in the long run, too much specialization doesn't pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.As further evidence of the erosion (销蚀) of corporate (公司的) faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State’s Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices, Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management.“They want someone who isn’t constrained (限制) by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,”says Scheetz.This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate. Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems, David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree, “I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things,” says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behavior—plus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize, “A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,” says Scheetz.26. What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?A) Students with a bachelor's degree in humanities.B) People with an MBA degree front top universities.C) People with formal schooling plus work experience.D) People with special training in engineering27. By saying “…but the impact of a degree washes out after five years” (Line3, Para, 3), the author means ________.A) most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundationB) an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positionsC) MBA programs will not be as popular in five years' time as they are nowD) in five people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got28. According to Scheetz's statement (Lines 4-5. Para. 4), companies prefer ________.A) people who have a strategic mindB) people who are talented in fine artsC) people who are ambitious and aggressiveD) people who have received training in mechanics29. David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because ________.A) they are more capable of handling changing situationsB) they can stick to established ways of solving problemsC) they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fieldsD) they have attended special programs in management30. Which of the following statements does the author support?A) Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.B) Formal schooling is less important than job training.C) On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly.D) Generalists will outdo specialists in management.Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table, I couldn’t help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked: "So, how have you been?" And the boy—who could not have been more than seven or eight years old —replied. "Frankly, I've been feeling a little depressed lately.''This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were “depressed” until we were in high school.The evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don’t seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists, Why?Human development is based not only on innate (天生的) biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social role to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.In the last 30 years. however, a secret-revelation (揭示) machine has been installed in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television, Television passes information, and indiscriminately (不加区分地), to all viewers alike, be they children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures.Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practices. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.31. According to the author, feeling depressed is ________.A) a sure sign of a psychological problem in a childB) something hardly to be expected in a young childC) an inevitable has of children's mental developmentD) a mental scale present in all humans, including children32. Traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the adult world ________.A) through contact with societyB) gradually and under guidanceC) naturally and by biological instinctD)through exposure to social information33. The phenomenon that today’s children seem adultlike is attributed by the author to ________.A) the widespread influence of televisionB) the poor arrangement of teaching contentC) the fast pace of human intellectual developmentD) the constantly rising standard of living34. Why is the author in favor of communication through print for children?A) It enables children to gain more social information.B) It develops children's interest in reading and writing.C) It helps children to memorize and practice more.D) It can control what children are to learn.35. What does the author think of the change in today’s children?A) He feels amused by chair premature behavior.B) He thinks it is a phenomenon worthy of note.C) He considers it a positive development.D) He seems to be upset about it.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage."Opinion" is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didn’t attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most to attach great importance to it. "I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours, '' and ''Everyone’s entitled to his opinion, '' are common expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge another's opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge another's opinion? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a friend, “What do you think of the new Ford cars?” And he may reply, "In my opinion, they're ugly." In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. For it's obvious that by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, ''It's pointless to argue about matters of taste."But consider this very different use of the term, a newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justices did not shale their personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes, they stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may contain elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without examining the evidence.Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only permitted, butguaranteed. We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others.36. Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the author?A) Everyone has a right to hold his own opinion.B) Free expression of opinions often leads to confusion.C) Most people tend to be careless in forming their opinions.D) Casual use of the word "opinion" often brings about quarrels.37. According to the author, who of the following would be labored as intolerant?A) Someone who turns a deaf ear to others' opinions.B) Someone who can't put up with others' tastes.C) Someone who values only their own opinions.D) Someone whose opinion harm. other people.38. The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that ________.A) it is foolish to criticize a famous brandB) one should not always agree to others' opinionsC) personal tastes are not something to be challengedD) it is unwise to express one's likes and dislikes in public39. Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that ________.A) it is stated by judges in the courtB) it reflects public like and dislikesC) it is a result of a lot of controversyD) it is based on careful thought40. As indicated in the passage, being free to act on one's opinion ________.A) means that one can ignore other people's criticismB) means that one can impose his pre6ereaccs on othersC) doesn't mean that one has the right to do things at willD) doesn't mean that one has the right to charge others without evidence Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences it: this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose cite ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the Corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the centre.41. The beam that is ______ by a laser differs in several ways from the lightthat comes out of a flashlight.A) emitted B) transported C ) motivated D) translated42. We booked rooms at the hotel ________we should find no vacancies on our arrival.A) whenever B) if C) since D) lest43. Modern forms of transportation and communication have done much to________ the isolation of life in Alaska.A) break through B) break down C) break into D) break out44. We know through painful experience that freedom is never by theoppressor; it must be ________ by the oppressed.A) demanded B) commanded C) required D) requested45. Color and sex are not relevant ________ whether a person is suitable for the job.A) on B) for C) to D) with46. ________ the enormous flow of food from the entire globe, these countrieshave for many years not felt any population pressure.A) Thanks to B) By means of C) In line with D) With regard to47. Research universities have to keep up with the latest computer andscientific hardware ________ price.A) On account of B) regardless of C) in addition to D) not to mention48. Three university departments have been ________ $600,000 to developgood practice in teaching and learning.A) promoted B) included C) secured D) awarded49. The rapid development of communications technology is transforming the________ in which people communicate across time and space.A) mood B) mission C) manner D) vision50. Mr. Jones holds strong views against video games and ________ theclosing of all recreation facilities for such games.A) assists B) acknowledges C) advocates D) admits51. Workers in the fine arts ________ thoughts and feelings through their creative works.A) transmit B) elaborate C) convey D) contribute52. Small as it is, the ant is as much a creature as ________ all other animals on earth.A) are B) do C) is D) have53. The policeman declared that the blow on the victim's head ________ from behind.A) should have been made B) must have been madeC) would have been made D) ought to have been made54. Finding a job can be __ and disappointing, and therefore it is important that you are prepared.A) exploiting B) frustrating C) profiting D) misleading55. It British government often says that furnishing children with ________ tothe information superhighway is a top priority.A) procedure B）protection C) allowance D)access56. Louis Herman, at the University of Hawall, has ________ a series of newexperiments in which some animals have learned to understand sentences.A) installed B) equipped C) devised D) formatted57. Researchers at the University of Illinois determined that the ________ of afather can help improve a child’s grades.A) involvement B) interaction C) association D) communication58. We can accept your order ________ payment is made in advance.A)in the belief that B) in order that C) on the excuse that D) on condition that59. Many in the credit industry expect that credit cards will eventually________ paper money for almost every purchase.A) exchange B) reduce C)replace D)trade60. Any donation you can give will help us ________ the suffering andisolation of the homeless this New Year.A) lift B) patch C) comfort D) ease61. In India more than one hundred languages are spoken, ________ whichonly fourteen are recognized as official.A) of B) in C) with D) within62. Techniques for ________ sleep would involve learning to control bothmind and body so that sleep can occur.A) cultivating B) promoting C) pushing D)strengthening63. It is important to ________ between the rules of grammar and theconventions of written language.A) determine B) promoting C)explore D)distinguish64. It is too early to say whether IBM’s competitors will be able to ________their products to the new hardware at an affordable cost.A) adapt B)stick C) yield D)adopt65. This research has attracted wide coverage in the ________ and has featuredon BBC television’s Tomorrow’s World.A) data B)source C)message D)media66.I had just posted the letter when I remembered that hadn’t ________ the cheque.A) imposed B) involved C)enclosed D)contained67. She had a tense expression on her face, ________ she were expecting trouble.A) even though B) as though C)even as D) now that68. They were ________ admission to the military exhibition because they were foreigners.A) denied B) declined C)deprived D) rejected69. It gave me a strange feeling of excitement to see my name in ________.A) prospect B) print C) process D) press70. Residents were cutting their lawns, washing their cars and otherwise________a pleasant, sunny day.A) idling away B) taking away C) chasing away D) driving awayPart Ⅳ Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)Directions: In this part there is a short passage with 8 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in fewest possible words. Your answer may be a word, a phrase, or a short sentence. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the right of the page.Sports is one of the world’s largest industries, and most athletes are professionals who are paid for their efforts. Because an athlete succeeds by achievement only—not by economic background or family connections—sports can be a fast route to wealth, and many athletes play only for money than for love.This has not always been true. In the ancient Olympics the winner got only a wreath of olive leaves (橄榄叶花环). Even though the winners became national heroes, the games remained amateur for centuries. Athletes won fame, but no money. As time passed, however, the contests became increasingly less amateur and cities began to hire athletes to represent them. By the fourth century A.D., the Olympics were ruined, and they were soon ended.In 1896, the Olympic games were revived (使再度兴起)with the same goal of pure amateur competition. The rules bar athletes who have ever received a $50 prize or an athletic scholars or who have spent four weeks in a training camp. At least one competitor in the 1896 games met these qualifications. He was Spiridon Loues, a water carrier who won the marathon race, after race, a rich Athenian offered him anything he wanted. A true amateur, Loues accepted only a cart and a horse. Then he gave up running forever. But Loues was an exception and now, as the Chairman of the German Olympic Committee said, “Nobody pays any attention to these rules.” Many countries pay their athletes to train year-round, and Olympic athletes are eager to sell their names to companies that make everything from ski equipment to fast food.Even the games themselves have become a huge business. Countries fight to hold the Olympics not only for honor, but for money. The 1972 games in Munich cost the Germans 545 million dollars, but by selling medal symbols, TV rights, food, drink ,hotel rooms, and souvenirs (纪念品), they managed to make a profit. Appropriately, the symbol of victory in the Olympic games is no longer a simple olive wreath—it is a gold medal.S1. To many people, sports today is nothing S1.________ but.S2. What do most athletes of today go after? S2.________S3. What reward could an ancient Greek athlete S3.________ expect?S4. By the fourth century A.D., Olympic contests became increasingly more S4. _______ thus ruining the Olympics.S5. When the Olympic games were revived in S5.________ 1896, athletes who had received special training in camps would be S5.S6. What did Spiridon Loues do after he accepted S6.________ the Athenian’s gift?S7. According to the author, some athletes are S7.________ Even willing toadvertise for businesses Which sell things like S7.S8. The 1972 Munich games managed to make S8. (1)________ a big profit mainly by S8. (1) services (2)________ and selling S8 (2).Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Day My Classmate Fell Ill (or Got Injured). You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1.简单叙述一下这位同学生病（或受伤）的情况2.同学、老师和我是如何帮助他/她的3.人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是……The Day My Classmate Fell Ill (or Got Injured)2003年9月四级试题详解PartⅡ Reading Comprehension21---25 B C D D C 26---30 C B A A D31---35 B B A D B 36---40 A B C D CPart Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure41---45 A D A A C 46---50 A B D C C 51---55 C A B B D56---60 C A D C D 61---65 A B D A D 66---70 C B A B APart Ⅳ Short Answer QuestionsS1 a fast route to wealthS2 moneyS3 a wreath of olive leaves / olive wreathS4 professionalS5 barredS6 He gave up running forever./ Giving up running forever. S7 Ski equipment and fast foodS8 (1) hotel(2) medal symbols, TV rights, souvenirs, food and drinks。
2003年大学英语四级考试模拟试题（四）参考答案及听力原文
2003年大学英语四级考试模拟试题（四）参考答案及听力原
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【期刊名称】《英语通：大学英语四级考试版》
【年(卷),期】2003(000)006
【总页数】2页(P61-62)
【作者】无
【作者单位】无
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H310.42
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2003年6月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案(1)
2003年6月试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) At the office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, A) “At the office” is the correct answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.1. A) At a theatreB) At a booking office.C) At a railway station.D) At a restaurant.2. A) The man is inviting the woman to dinner.B) The woman is too busy to join the man for dinner.C) The woman is a friend of the Stevensons’.D) The man is going to visit the Stevensons’.3. A) The professor’s presentation was not convincing enough.B) The professor’s lecture notes were too complicated.C) The professor spoke with a strong accent.D) The professor spoke too fast.4. A) The furnished apartment was inexpensive.B) The apartment was provided with some old furniture.C) The furniture un the market was on sale every Sunday.D) The furniture he bought was very cheap.5. A) The man is thinking about taking a new job.B) The man likes a job that enables him to travel.C) The man is sure that he will gain more by taking the job.D) The man doesn’t want to stay home and take care of their child.6. A) Take the GRE test again in 8 weeks.B) Call to check his scores.C) Be patient and wait.D) Inquire when the test scores are released.7. A) She read it selectivelyB). She went over it chapter by chapterC). She read it slowlyD) She finished it at a stretch.8. A) He was kept in hospital for a long time.B) He was slightly injured in a traffic accident.C) He was seriously wounded in a mine explosion.D) He was fined for speeding.9. A) Wait for a taxi.B) Buy some food.C) Go on a trip.D) Book train tickets.10. A) It’s not as hard as expected.B) It’s too tough for some students.C) It’s much more difficult than people think.D) It’s believed to be the hardest optional course.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage oneQuestion 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) Anxious and worried.B) Proud and excited.C) Nervous and confused.D) Inspired and confident.12. A) His father scolded him severely.B) His father took back the six dollars.C) His father made him do the cutting again.D) His father cut the leaves himself.13. A) One can benefit a lot from working with his father.B) Manual labourers shouldn’t be looked down upon.C) One should always do his job earnestly.D) Teenagers tend to be careless.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) He ran a village shop.B) He worked on a farm.C) He worked in an advertising agency.D) He was a gardener.15. A) It was stressful.B) It was colorful.C) It was peaceful.D) It was boring.16. A) His desire to start his own business.B) The crisis in his family life.C) The decline in his health.D) His dream of living in the countryside.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) Because there are no signs to direct them.B) Because no tour guides are available.C) Because all the buildings in the city look alike.D) Because the university is everywhere in the city.18. A) They set their own exams.B) They select their own students.C) They award their own degrees.D) They organize their own laboratory work.19. A) Most of them have a long history.B) Many of them are specialized libraries.C) They house more books than any other university library.D) They each have a copy of every book published in Britain.20. A) Very few of them are engaged in research.B) They were not awarded degrees until 1948.C) They have outnumbered male students.D) They were not treated equally until 1881.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Direction:There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onthe Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:On average, American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more of suchorganized activities as soccer and ballet (芭蕾舞). Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports; girls log half that time. All in all, h owever, children’s leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%.“Children are affected by the same time crunch (危机) that affects their parents,” says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of children’s timetable. A chief reason, she say s, is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and “male breadwinner” households spent comparable mounts of time interacting with their parents, 19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.)All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids. “Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself,” says T. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School. Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing “free time” watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If they’re spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids aren’t replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Let’s face it, who’s got the time?21. By mentioning “the same time crunch” (Line 1, Para. 2) Sandra Hofferth means ________.A) children have little time to play with their parentsB) children are not taken good care of by their working parentsC) both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure timeD) both parents and children have trouble managing their time22. According to the author, the reason given by Sandra Hofferth for the time crunch is ______.A) quite convincingB) partially trueC) totally groundlessD) rather confusing23. According to the author a child develops better if ______.A) he has plenty of time reading and studyingB) he is left to play with his peers in his own wayC) he has more time participating in school activitiesD) he is free to interact with his working parents24. The author is concerned about the fact that American kids ______.A) are engaged in more and more structured activitiesB) are increasingly neglected by their working mothersC) are spending more and more time watching TVD) are involved less and less in household work25. We can infer from the passage that ______.A) extracurricular activities promote children’s intelligenceB) most children will turn to reading with TV sets switched offC) efforts to get kids interested in reading have been fruitfulD) most parents believe reading to be beneficial to childrenPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, ‘The business of America is business.” By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world.Few would argue with Ford’s statement. A brief g limpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as “the entertainment industry” or “show business.”The positive side of Henry Ford’s statement can be seen i n the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance (大量地) because the U.S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system creates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life.The negative side of Henry Ford’s statement, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business. And the term big business—referring to the biggest companies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the right to form unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing—the laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high -- creates feelings of insecurity for many.26. The united States is a typical country ______.A) which encourages free trade at homes and abroadB) where people’s chief concern is how to make moneyC) where all businesses are managed scientificallyD) which normally works according to the federal budget27. The influence of business in the U.S. is evidenced by the fact that ______.A) most newspapers are run by big businessesB) even public organizations concentrate on working for profitsC) Americans of all professions know how to do businessD) even arts and entertainment are regarded as business28. According to the passage, immigrants choose to settle in the U.S., dreaming that ______.A) they can start profitable businesses thereB) they can be more competitive in businessC) they will make a fortune overnight thereD) they will find better chances of employment29. Henry Ford’s statements can be taken negatively because ______.A) working people are discouraged to fight for their rightsB) there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalistsC) there is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and laborD) public services are not run by the federal government30. A company’s efforts to keep expenses low and profits high may result in ______.A) reduction in the number of employeesB) improvement of working conditionsC) fewer disputes between labor and managementD) a rise in workers’ wagesPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Professor Smith recently persuaded 35 people, 23 of them women, to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for a fortnight. When he came to analyse their embarrassing lapses (差错) in a scientific report, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groupings. Nor did the lapses appear to be entirely random (随机的).One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her dog her earr ings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. “The explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,” explains the professor. “People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman’s custom every morning to throw her d og two biscuits and then put on her earrings. But somehow the action got reversed in the programme.” About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these “programme assembly failures.”Altogether the volunteers logged 433 unintentional actions that they found themselves doing –an average of twelve each. There appear to be peak periods in the day when we are at our zaniest (荒谬可笑的). These are two hours some time between eight a.m. and noon, between four and six p.m. with a smaller peak be tween eight and ten p.m. “Among men the peak seems to be when a changeover in brain ‘programmes’ occurs, as for instance between going to and from work.” Women on average reported slightly more lapses – 12.5 compared with 10.9 for men – probably because they were more reliable reporters.A startling finding of the research is that the absent-minded activity is a hazard of doing things in which we are skilled. Normally, you would expect that skill reduces the number of errors we make. But trying to avoid silly slips by concentrating more could make things a lot worse – even dangerous.31. In his study Professor Smith asked the subjects ______.A) to keep track of people who tend to forget thingsB) to report their embarrassing lapses at randomC) to analyse their awkward experiences scientificallyD) to keep a record of what they did unintentionally32. Professor Smith discovered that ______.A) certain patterns can be identified in the recorded incidentsB) many people were too embarrassed to admit their absent-mindednessC) men tend to be more absent-minded than womenD) absent-mindedness is an excusable human weakness33. “Programme assembly failures”(Line 6, Para.2) refers to the phenomenon that people______.A) often fail to programme their routines beforehandB) tend to make mistakes when they are in a hurryC) unconsciously change the sequence of doing thingsD) are likely to mess things up if they are too tired34. We learn from the third paragraph that ______.A) absent-mindedness tends to occur during certain hours of the dayB) women are very careful to perform actions during peak periodsC) women experience more peak periods of absent-mindednessD) men’s absent-mindedness often results in funny situations35. It can be concluded from the passage that ______.A) people should avoid doing important things during peak periods of lapsesB) hazards can be avoided when people do things they are good atC) people should be careful when programming their actionsD) lapses cannot always be attributed to lack of concentrationPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:It’s no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them. That’s especial ly true of children who remain in abusive homes bemuse the law blindly favors biological parents. It’s also true of children who suffer for years in foster homes (收养孩子的家庭) because of parents who can’t or won’t care for them but refuse to give up custody (监护) rights.Fourteen-year-old Kimberly Mays fits neither description, but her recent court victory could eventually help children who do. Kimberly has been the object of an angry custody battle between the man who raised her and her biological parents, with whom she has never lived. A Florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only father she’s ever known and that her biological parents have “no legal claim” on her.The ruling, though it may yet be reversed, sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. That’s an important development, one that’s long overdue.Shortly after birth in December 1978, Kimberly Mays and another infant were mistakenly switched and sent home with the wrong parents. Kimberly’s biological parents, Ernest and Regina Twigg, received a child who died of a heart disease in 1988. Medical tests showed that the child wasn’t the Twiggs’ own daughter, b ut Kimberly was, thus sparking a custody battle with Robert Mays. In 1989, the two families agreed that Mr. Mays would maintain custody with the Twiggs getting visiting rights. Those rights were ended when Mr. Mays decided that Kimberly was being harmed.The decision to leave Kimberly with Mr. Mays rendered her suit debated. But the judge made clear that Kimberly did have standing to sue (起诉) on her own behalf. Thus he made clear that she was more than just property to be handled as adults saw fit.Certainly, the biological link between parent and child is fundamental. But biological parents aren’t always preferable to adoptive ones, and biological parentage does not convey an absolute ownership that cancels all the rights of children.36. What was the primary consideration in the Florida judge’s ruling?A) The biological link.B) The child’s benefits.C) The traditional practice.D) The parents’ feelings.37. We can learn from the Kimberly case that ______.A) children are more than just personal possessions of their parentsB) the biological link between parents and child should be emphasizedC) foster homes bring children more pain and suffering than careD) biological parents shouldn’t claim custody rights after their child is adopted38. The Twiggs claimed custody rights to Kimberly because ______.A) they found her unhappy in Mr. Mays’ custodyB) they regarded her as their propertyC) they were her biological parentsD) they felt guilty about their past mistake39. Kimberly had been given to Mr. Mays ________.A) by sheer accidentB) out of charityC) at his requestD) for better care40. The author’s attitude towards the judge’s ruling could be described as ______.A) doubtfulB) criticalC) cautiousD) supportivePart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions:There are 3.0. incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throughthe center.41. She ______ her trip to New York because she was ill.A) called off B) closed downC) put up D) went off42. ______ the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A) But for B) In case ofC) In spite of D) Because of43. We should concentrate on sharply reducing interest rates to pull the economy out of ______.A) rejection B) restrictionC) retreat D) recession44. The ______ of finding gold in California attracted a lot of people to settle down there.A) prospects B) speculationsC) stakes D) provisions45 I suffered from mental ______ because of stress from my job.A) damage B) releaseC) relief D) fatigue46. The rest of the day was entirely at his ______ for reading or recreation.A) dismissal B) survivalC) disposal D) arrival47. You will not be ______ about your food in time of great hunger.A) special B) particularC) peculiar D) specific48. Crime is increasing worldwide, and there is every reason to believe the ______ will continueinto the next decade.A) emergency B) trendC) pace D) schedule49. You shouldn’t have written in the ______ since the book belongs to the library.A) interval B) borderC) margin D) edge50. The ______ of airplane engines announced a coming air raid.A) roar B) exclamationC) whistle D) scream51. This ticket ______ you to a free boat tour on the lake.A) entitles B) appointsC) grants D) credits52. This is the nurse who ______ to me when I was ill in hospital.A) accompanied B) attendedC) entertained D) shielded53. I was about to ______ a match when I remembered Tom’s warning.A) rub B) hitC) scrape D) strike54. The advertisement says this material doesn’t ______ in the wash, but it has.A) contract B) shrinkC) slim D) dissolve55. He was proud of being chosen to participate in the game and he ______ us that he would tryas hard as possible.A) insured B) guaranteedC) assumed D) assured56. Not only the professionals but also the amateurs will ______ from the new training facilities.A) derive B) acquireC) benefit D) reward57. The work was almost complete when we received orders to ______ no further with it.A) progress B) proceedC) march D) promote58. I waited for him half an hour, but he never ______.A) turned in B) turned downC) turned off D) turned up59. A house with a dangerous gas ______ can be broken into immediately.A) leak B) splitC) mess D) crack60. A dark suit is ______ to a light one for evening wear.A) favourable B) suitableC) preferable D) proper61. It was in the United States that I made the ______ of professor Jones.A) acknowledgement B) acquaintanceC) recognition D) association62. Could you take a ______ sheet of paper and write your name at the top?A) bare B) vacantC) hollow D) blank63. A culture in which the citizens share similar religious beliefs and values is more likely to havelaws that represent the wishes of its people than is a culture where citizens come from ______ backgrounds.A) extensive B) influentialC) diverse D) identical64. Areas where students have particular difficulty have been treated ______ particular care.A) by B) inC) under D) with65. He gave a ______ to handle the affairs in a friendly manner.A) pledge B) missionC) plunge D) motion66. Don’t let the child play with scissors ______ he cuts himself.A) in case B) so thatC) now that D) only if67. ______ the danger from enemy action, people had to cope with a severe shortage of food,clothing, fuel, and almost everything.A) As far as B) As long asC) As well as D) As soon as68. Many people lost their jobs during the business ______.A) desperation B) decreaseC) despair D) depression69. Whenever a big company ______ a small one, the product almost always gets worse.A) gets on with B) cuts downC) takes over D) puts up with70. Mr. Smith was the only witness who said that the fire was ______.A) mature B) deliberateC) meaningful D) innocentPart IV Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)Directions:In this part there is a short passage with 8 questions or incomplete statements.Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statementsin the fewest possible words. Write your answers in the spaces provided on theright of the page.What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher? I think the following would be generally accepted.First, the teacher’s personality should be lively and attractive. This does not rule o ut people who are plain-looking, or even ugly, because many such people have great personal charm. But it does rule out such types as the over-excitable, sad, cold, and frustrated.Secondly, it is not merely desirable but essential for a teacher to have a genuine capacity for sympathy, a capacity to understand the minds and feelings of other people, especially, since most teachers are school teachers, the minds and feelings of children. Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant – not, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the weaknesses and immaturity of human nature which induce (诱导) people, and again especially children, to make mistakes.Thirdly, I hold it essential for a teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest. This means that he will be aware of his intellectual strengths and limitations, and will have thought about and decided upon the moral principles by which his life shall be guided. There is no contradiction in my going on to say that a teacher should be a bit of an actor. That is part of the technique of teaching, which demands that every now and then a teacher should be able to put on an act – to enliven (使生动) a lesson, correct a fault, or award praise. Children, especially young children, live in a world that is rather larger than life.A teacher must be capable of infinite patience. This, I may say, is largely a matter of self-discipline and self-training, for we are none of us born like that.Finally, I think a teacher should have the kind of mind which always wants to go on learning. Teaching is a job at which one will never be perfect; there is always something more to learn about it. There are three principal objects of study: the subjects which the teacher is teaching; the methods by which the subjects can best be taught to the particular pupils in the classes he is teaching; and g by far the most important -- the children, young people, or adults to whom the subjects are to be taught. The two fundamental principles of British education today are that education is education of the whole person, and that it is best acquired through full and active co-operation between two persons, the teacher and the learner.S1. Plain-looking teachers can also be admired by their students if they have _________.__________________________________________________________________S2. The author says it is _________that teachers be sympathetic with their students.__________________________________________________________________S3. A teacher should be tolerant because humans tend to have S3(1) _________and to be S3(2) _________.(1)________________________________________________________________(2)________________________________________________________________S4. A teacher who is _________will be able to make his lessons more lively.__________________________________________________________________S5. How can a teacher acquire infinite patience?__________________________________________________________________S6. Since teaching is a job no one can be perfect at, it is necessary for teachers to keep improving their knowledge of the subjects they teach and their _________.__________________________________________________________________S7. Teachers’ most important object of study is _________.__________________________________________________________________S8. Education cannot be best acquired without _________ between the teacher and the learner.__________________________________________________________________Part V Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an eye-witness account of a traffic accident. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline givenbelow in Chinese.假设你在某日某时目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。
2003年英语专业四级考试试题答案与详解
2003年英语专业四级考试试题答案与详解听力原文PART ⅡDICTATIONSalmonEvery year, millions of salmon swim from the ocean into the mouths of rivers and then steadily up the rivers. Passing through waters, around rocks and waterfalls, the fish finally reach their original streams or lakes. They dig out nests in the riverbed and lay their eggs. Then, exhausted by their journey, the parent salmon die. They have finished the task that nature has given them. Months, or years later, the young fish start their trip to the ocean. They live in the salt water from 2-7 years, until they, too are ready to swim back to reproduce. Their life cycle helps man provide himself with a basic food-fish. When the adult salmon gather at the river mouths for the annual trip up the rivers, they are in the best possible condition, and nearly every harbor has its salmon fishing fleet ready to catch thousands for markets.Now, you have two minutes to check through your work.PART ⅢLISTENING COMPREHENSIONIn sections A, B and C, you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A STA TEMENTIn this section, you will hear seven statements. At the end of each statement you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.1. You must relax. Don’t work too hard. And do watch your drinking and smoking.2.We hadn’t quite expected the committee to agree to rebuild the hospital, so we were taken aback when we got to know that it had finally agreed.3.The coach leaves the station every 20 minutes. It’s 9:15now, and you have to wait for five minutes for the next one.4.Perhaps Jane shouldn’t have got married in the first place. No one knows what she might have been doing now, but not washing up. That’s for sure!5.I happen to be working on a similar project at the moment. I am only too pleased to help you.6.The man arrived for the ceremony with patched jackets and faded jeans that the average person would save for mowing the lawn in his garden at the weekend.7.Mark! Here you are! This is the last place in the world I would have expected to find you.SECTION B CONVERSA TIONIn this section you will hear 10 short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.8. W: I couldn’t stand this morning. My right leg went stiff.M: I’m afraid it’s probably a side-effect from the drugs I put you on.9. W: How did your writing go this morning? Is the book coming along alright?M: I’m not sure. I think the rest of it will be difficult to write.10. W: Is there anything you can do to make the cold go away more quickly?M: No, there isn’t. And a cold isn’t really serious enough for a visit to a doctor.11. W:Look! What have I got here!M: Oh. So you did go to that bookstore!12. M: Excuse me. Has there been an emergency?W: Oh, no sir. There’s just a storm, so the plane will leave a little later this afternoon.13. W: I wish I hadn’t hurt Linda’s feeling like that yesterday. You know I never meant to.M: The great thing about Linda is that she doesn’t hold any grudges. By tomorrow she’ll have forgotten all about it.14. M: My grades are not bad, but not good enough. I know I didn’t study at all this semester. Now I have to work very hard next semester to keep my scholarship.W:I’ll see you in the library, then.15. W: I’ll wear this blue jacket for the evening. I like the color on me, don’t you think?M:I think it looks terrific on you-really!16. W: Do you know that Sam turned down that job offer by a travel agency?M: Yeah. The hours were convenient, but had he accepted it, he wouldn’t have been able to make ends meet.17. W: At the rate it is being used, the printer is not going to make it through the rest of the year.M: The year? It is supposed to be good for four!SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 18 and 19 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.The U.N resolution calls for greater international intelligence and law enforcement cooperation. And it requires states to change their banking laws in order to police the global network of terrorisms financiers. It makes providing funds for terror activities a criminal offence and would freeze bank accounts of those who sponsor terrorism.Questions 20 and 21 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.A police spokesman said the devices were made safe by explosive experts in the Ardorn district, where a woman was shot in the leg and 13 police officers were injured during a second successive night of viol ence. Northern Ireland’s police chief had earl ier called on community leaders to work together to end the violence. The violence has erupted sporadically throughout a summer of Sectarian tension in northern Belfast.Question 22 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.Airlines are being hit with huge increases to ensure their planes after the terrorist attacks in the United States. Goshork Insurance Holdings, which ensures aircraft around the world, said rates had soared as much as 10 fold since the September 11th terror attacks. Airlines around theworld have cut services and dismissed staff as their business has plunged in the wake of the crisis. They are also struggling with increased security costs.Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.A Pakistani lawyer said the resumption of the trial of eight foreign aid workers accused of preaching Christianity in Afghanistan has been put off until Sunday. He had met earlier Saturday with the aid workers, 2 Americans, 2 Australians, and 4 Germans. They insist they were in Afghanistan to help the poor, not to convert them. The penalty for these captured aid workers could range from expulsion to a jail term and death sentence.Question 25 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.On the 20th anniversary of the first official report on AIDS, the head of the United Nations AIDS program warns that the deadly disease may only be at its early stages in many parts of the world. Dr. Piu said the disease has already reached staggering proportions since first being identified in 1981. 58 million people worldwide have contracted the HIV virus, which causes AIDS, while 22 million have died from related illnesses. The UN estimates the world’s HIV positive population at 36 million, including 25 million in sub-Saharan Africa.International officials warn the disease will have disastrous political, social, and economic consequences in many developing countries.This is the end of listening comprehension.答案与详解PART ⅠWRITINGSECTION A COMPOSITIONTHE IMPORTANCE OF KEEPING A GOOD MOOD People in modern society live under a lot of pressure. I see three kinds of pressure working on people today: pressure from education, family and career. It is easy to blame the school for charging too much money, the family members for the heavy burden, the society for the fierce competition. I think people should relax. It is important for them to keep a good mood under whatever circumstances.Long gone are the days when people lived their life with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of activities—film, music, art, poetry. But now, a lot of people suffer from a lot of pressure. They can’t communicate well w ith co-workers and family members, and have unbalanced, one-dimensional lives. Some people complain of symptoms of stress, for instance, loss of appetite, a complete sense of exhaustion, insomnia and low morale. Thus have destructive effect on their health. People tend to lose temper easily, and this may interfere personal relationship. What’s more, a high rate of suicide may warn people of their emotional well-being.To be a healthy person physically and psychologically, one should keep a good mood, according to some psychology experts. Those little things may seem relativelyinsignificant—reading mystery novels, playing volleyball, spending time with family and friends, maintaining your emotional well-being, getting plenty of rest, going fishing. They can help you keep a good mood.SECTION B NOTE-WRITINGOct. 18, 2003Dear Clare,Thank you for inviting me to your house-warming party this weekend. But I’m afraid I couldn’t go there, because I have an important business appointment on that day. I saw some pictures of your new house, which is so cozy and comfortable. I sincerely hope that you have a good day.Yours,Gou MingPART III LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A STATEMENT1．答案：D【问句译文】关于听者哪一句是不对的？【试题分析】本题为细节题。
2003年6月大学四级考试试题答案与详解
2003年6月大学英语四级考试试题答案与详解41. A dark suit is ____ to a light one for evening wear.A) proper B) suitable C) favorable D) preferableD)。
【译文】深色的服装比浅色的更适于晚上穿。
【解析】近义词辨析题。
Preferable后跟介词to表示“比…更好，更适合”，preferable可以表示比较意义，本句中把深、浅两种颜色相比，所以选择D)。
其他三个选项都具有“适合的”之意，但都不能用于+ to 的结构表比较。
Proper“适合的，正确的”；suitable“适合的，恰当的”；favorable + for/to sth.意思是“适合于…，有利于…”。
42. I suffered from mental ____ because of stress from my job.A) fatigue B) damage C) relief D) releaseA)。
【译文】由于工作压力，我心里很疲惫。
【解析】单词辨义题。
Fatigue意为“疲惫”；damage多指物件的物理性损坏；relief表“放松，宽慰”；release作名词时表示“发行、释放”。
选项C）和D）都与句中的工作压力逻辑意思相反。
43. You will not be ____ about your food in time of great hunger.A) particular B) special C) peculiar D)specificA)。
【译文】当你饥饿难耐时就不会对食物那么挑剔了。
【解析】搭配题。
Be particular about 为固定搭配，表示“对…挑剔，苛求”；special“特别的”；peculiar“特有的，独具的”；specific“特定的”。
44. Don’t let the child play with scissors ____ he cuts himself.A) only if B) in case C) now that D) so thatB)。
俄语专业四级考试1996——2004真题解析
【真题详解2001】显示答案11. 预期一次性发生并达到结果的行为要用完成体；“见面”要用带-ся动词，选B12. 句中的через час, будет表明动词应用将来时，选B13. можешь后面要求用动词不定式；这是要达到结果的一次性行为，用完成体，选D14. вчера весь вечер是过去时未完成体的标志，选D15. 句中有补语дверь，所以动词应是不带-ся的及物动词，ключ сломан表明不能达到“开门”的结果，动词应用完成体，选A16. должны后面要求用动词不定式，句中的к понедельнику指出时间期限，因此动词要用完成体，表示在期限前达到结果，选C17. 否定祈使句中出现смотри(те)，表示提醒、警告，动词要用完成体命令式，选A18. 时间状语за прошедшие двадцать лет表明动词用完成体，узнал表明动词用过去时，选D19. 带давай的第一人称复数命令式中，动词用未完成体不定式形式或完成体第一人称复数变位形式，选B20. привыкнуть之后要求动词用未完成体不定式形式，选D21. “离开车还有半小时”，动词要用完成体过去时，主语полчаса要求动词用中性形式，选C22. 前句表明照片现在不在说话地点，所以后句中动词应表示“拿来过”，用未完成体过去时，选C23. пока не“直到…”是固定句型，要求完成体动词；буду ждать表明动词要用将来时，选C24. велел表明这是过去发生的事，从句动词也要用过去时；когда уходил表示“临走的时候”，选B25. 运动动词的用法中，表示“回到家”要用прийти домой，所以选D26. “来找你”要用运动动词прийти；ждѐт表明来了后还在这儿，运动动词要用完成体过去时表示结果保留，选B27. “早上收到的信”，信是被收到的，是一次的行为，所以动词“收到”получать/получить作“信”的定语，要用完成体被动形动词长尾，选A28. 固定词组представлять собой表示“是”，作后置定语要用主动形动词长尾，选A29. “书中描写的事件”，事件上被描写的，所以动词“描写”описывать/описать作“事件”的定语，要用未完成体或完成体被动形动词长尾，选D30. “作为著名的学者”，动词“作为”быть要用副动词形式，选C31. 句中有мне，表明形容词“小”要用短尾形式，选C32. 形容词作前置定语，要用长尾；чем表明形容词是比较级；нет要求跟二格，选A33. так要求形容词用短尾形式，选A34. “两个都”用оба(обе)，сын是阳性名词，修饰阳性名词时用оба，选C35. 有二格作后置定语时，“在…年(日)”要用в+四格，如в день победы，选B36. один из …词组中，один的性由из后面的名词（город）决定，格由所修饰的名词(в Москве)决定，所以用одном，选D37. 数词миллиард后面要求名词复数二格，选D38. кончилась要求时间状语表示когда“在（几点）”，四个选项中只有D可以用来表示这个意思，表示“在六点多”，选D39. сколько раз в день是固定表示法，选C①40. 比较级中指出差距要用на+四格，如выше на голову，选B41. 表示“在（什么条件下）”用前置词при，选C42. 表示日期用顺序数词中性形式，表示“在…日期”用其二格形式，选D43. 在表示原因的前置词中，из表示“出自行为主体（一般是人）的某种感情或心理状态的原因，行为是自觉的、有意识的”；от表示“由自然现象、社会现象或生理与心理状态所造成的原因，它所造成的结果是不以主体的意志为转移的”；из-за表示“自然现象、疾病、社会现象、人或事物造成消极结果的原因，具有明显的否定色彩”；с表示的是“由行为主体的（一般是人）的生理或心理状态方面造成的原因，口语色彩较浓，搭配范围有限”。
2003年06月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷(含答案)
2003年6月四级试题Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:On average, American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet (芭蕾舞). Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports; girls log half t hat time. All in all, however, children’s leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%.“Children are affected by the same time crunch (危机) that affects their parents,” says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of children’s timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and “male breadwinner” households spent comparable mounts of time interacting with their parents, 19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.)All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids. “Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself,” says T. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School. Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing “free time” watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If they’re spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids aren’t replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Let’s face it, who’s got the time?21. By mentioning “the same time crunch” (Line 1, Para. 2) Sandra Hofferth me ans ________.A) children have little time to play with their parentsB) children are not taken good care of by their working parentsC) both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure timeD) both parents and children have trouble managing their time22. According to the author, the reason given by Sandra Hofferth for the time crunch is______.A) quite convincingB) partially trueC) totally groundlessD) rather confusing23. According to the author a child develops better if ______.A) he has plenty of time reading and studyingB) he is left to play with his peers in his own wayC) he has more time participating in school activitiesD) he is free to interact with his working parents24. The author is concerned about the fact that American kids ______.A) are engaged in more and more structured activitiesB) are increasingly neglected by their working mothersC) are spending more and more time watching TVD) are involved less and less in household work25. We can infer from the passage that ______.A) extracurricular activities promote children’s intelligenceB) most children will turn to reading with TV sets switched offC) efforts to get kids interested in reading have been fruitfulD) most parents believe reading to be beneficial to childrenPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, ‘The business of America is business.” By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on th e values of the business world.Few would argue with Ford’s statement. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as “the entertainment industry” or “show business.”The positive side of Henry Ford’s statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance (大量地) because the U.S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system creates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life.The negative side of Henry Ford’s statemen t, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business. And the term big business—referring to the biggest companies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the right to form unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing—the laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high -- creates feelings of insecurity for many.26. The united States is a typical country ______.A) which encourages free trade at homes and abroadB) where people’s chi ef concern is how to make moneyC) where all businesses are managed scientificallyD) which normally works according to the federal budget27. The influence of business in the U.S. is evidenced by the fact that ______.A) most newspapers are run by big businessesB) even public organizations concentrate on working for profitsC) Americans of all professions know how to do businessD) even arts and entertainment are regarded as business28. According to the passage, immigrants choose to settle in the U.S., dreaming that ______.A) they can start profitable businesses thereB) they can be more competitive in businessC) they will make a fortune overnight thereD) they will find better chances of employment29. Henry Ford’s statements can be t aken negatively because ______.A) working people are discouraged to fight for their rightsB) there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalistsC) there is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and laborD) public services are not run by the federal government30. A company’s efforts to keep expenses low and pr ofits high may result in ______.A) reduction in the number of employeesB) improvement of working conditionsC) fewer disputes between labor and managementD) a rise in workers’ wagesPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Professor Smith recently persuaded 35 people, 23 of them women, to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for a fortnight. When he came to analyse their embarrassing lapses (差错) in a scientific report, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groupings. Nor did the lapses appear to be entirely random (随机的).One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her dog her earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. “The explanati on for this is that the brain is like a computer,” explains the professor. “People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman’s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her earrings. But somehow the action got reversed in the programme.” About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these “programme assembly failures.”Altogether the volunteers logged 433 unintentional actions that they found themselves doing – an average of twelve each. There appear to be peak periods in the day when we are at our zaniest (荒谬可笑的). These are two hours some time between eight a.m. and noon, between four and six p.m. with a smaller peak between eight and ten p.m. “Among men the peak seems to be whe n a changeover in brain ‘programmes’ occurs, as for instance between going to and from work.” Women on average reported slightly more lapses – 12.5 compared with 10.9 for men – probably because they were more reliable reporters.A startling finding of the research is that the absent-minded activity is a hazard of doing things in which we are skilled. Normally, you would expect that skill reduces the number of errors we make. But trying to avoid silly slips by concentrating more could make things a lot worse –even dangerous.31. In his study Professor Smith asked the subjects ______.A) to keep track of people who tend to forget thingsB) to report their embarrassing lapses at randomC) to analyse their awkward experiences scientificallyD) to keep a record of what they did unintentionally32. Professor Smith discovered that ______.A) certain patterns can be identified in the recorded incidentsB) many people were too embarrassed to admit their absent-mindednessC) men tend to be more absent-minded than womenD) absent-mindedness is an excusable human weakness33. “Programme assembly failures” (Line 6, Para.2) refers to the phenomenon that people ______.A) often fail to programme their routines beforehandB) tend to make mistakes when they are in a hurryC) unconsciously change the sequence of doing thingsD) are likely to mess things up if they are too tired34. We learn from the third paragraph that ______.A) absent-mindedness tends to occur during certain hours of the dayB) women are very careful to perform actions during peak periodsC) women experience more peak periods of absent-mindednessD) men’s absent-mindedness often results in funny situations35. It can be concluded from the passage that ______.A) people should avoid doing important things during peak periods of lapsesB) hazards can be avoided when people do things they are good atC) people should be careful when programming their actionsD) lapses cannot always be attributed to lack of concentrationPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:It’s no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them. That’s especially true of chil dren who remain in abusive homes bemuse the law blindly favors biological parents. It’s also true of children who suffer for years in foster homes (收养孩子的家庭) because of parents who can’t or won’t care for them but refuse to give up custody (监护) rights.Fourteen-year-old Kimberly Mays fits neither description, but her recent court victory could eventually help children who do. Kimberly has been the object of an angry custody battle between the man who raised her and her biological parents, with whom she has never lived. A Florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only father she’s ever known and that her biological parent s have “no legal claim” on her.The ruling, though it may yet be reversed, sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. That’s an important development, one that’s long overdue.Shortly after birth in December 1978, Kimberly Mays and another infant were mistakenly switched and sent home with the wrong parents. Kimberly’s biological pare nts, Ernest and Regina Twigg, received a child who died of a heart disease in 1988. Medical tests showed that the childwasn’t the Twiggs’ own daughter, but Kimberly was, thus sparking a custody battle with Robert Mays. In 1989, the two families agreed that Mr. Mays would maintain custody with the Twiggs getting visiting rights. Those rights were ended when Mr. Mays decided that Kimberly was being harmed.The decision to leave Kimberly with Mr. Mays rendered her suit debated. But the judge made clear that Kimberly did have standing to sue (起诉) on her own behalf. Thus he made clear that she was more than just property to be handled as adults saw fit.Certainly, the biological link between parent and child is fundamental. But biological parents aren’t al ways preferable to adoptive ones, and biological parentage does not convey an absolute ownership that cancels all the rights of children.36. What was the primary consideration in the Florida judge’s ruling?A) The biological link.B) The child’s be nefits.C) The traditional practice.D) The parents’ feelings.37. We can learn from the Kimberly case that ______.A) children are more than just personal possessions of their parentsB) the biological link between parents and child should be emphasizedC) foster homes bring children more pain and suffering than careD) biological parents shouldn’t claim custody rights after their chi ld is adopted38. The Twiggs claimed custody rights to Kimberly because ______.A) they found her unhap py in Mr. Mays’ custodyB) they regarded her as their propertyC) they were her biological parentsD) they felt guilty about their past mistake39. Kimberly had been given to Mr. Mays ________.A) by sheer accidentB) out of charityC) at his requestD) for better care40. The author’s attitude towards the judge’s rulin g could be described as ______.A) doubtful B) critical C) cautious D) supportivePart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 3.0. incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.41. She ______ her trip to New York because she was ill.A) called off B) closed down C) put up D) went off42. ______ the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A) But for B) In case of C) In spite of D) Because of43. We should concentrate on sharply reducing interest rates to pull the economy out of ______.A) rejection B) restriction C) retreat D) recession44. The ______ of finding gold in California attracted a lot of people to settle down there.A) prospects B) speculations C) stakes D) provisions45 I suffered from mental ______ because of stress from my job.A) damage B) release C) relief D) fatigue46. The rest of the day was entirely at his ______ for reading or recreation.A) dismissal B) survival C) disposal D) arrival47. You will not be ______ about your food in time of great hunger.A) special B) particular C) peculiar D) specific48. Crime is increasing worldwide, and there is every reason to believe the ______ will continueinto the next decade.A) emergency B) trend C) pace D) schedule49. You shouldn’t have written in the ______ since the book belongs to the library.A) interval B) border C) margin D) edge50. The ______ of airplane engines announced a coming air raid.A) roar B) exclamation C) whistle D) scream51. This ticket ______ you to a free boat tour on the lake.A) entitles B) appoints C) grants D) credits52. This is the nurse who ______ to me when I was ill in hospital.A) accompanied B) attended C) entertained D) shielded53. I was about to ______ a match w hen I remembered Tom’s warning.A) rub B) hit C) scrape D) strike54. The advertisement says this material does n’t ______ in the wash, but it has.A) contract B) shrink C) slim D) dissolve55. He was proud of being chosen to participate in the game and he ______ us that he would try ashard as possible.A) insured B) guaranteed C) assumed D) assured56. Not only the professionals but also the amateurs will ______ from the new training facilities.A) derive B) acquire C) benefit D) reward57. The work was almost complete when we received orders to ______ no further with it.A) progress B) proceed C) march D) promote58. I waited for him half an hour, but he never ______.A) turned in B) turned down C) turned off D) turned up59. A house with a dangerous gas ______ can be broken into immediately.A) leak B) split C) mess D) crack60. A dark suit is ______ to a light one for evening wear.A) favourable B) suitable C) preferable D) proper61. It was in the United States that I made the ______ of professor Jones.A) acknowledgement B) acquaintance C) recognition D) association62. Could you take a ______ sheet of paper and write your name at the top?A) bare B) vacant C) hollow D) blank63. A culture in which the citizens share similar religious beliefs and values is more likely to havelaws that represent the wishes of its people than is a culture where citizens come from______ backgrounds.A) extensive B) influential C) diverse D) identical64. Areas where students have particular difficulty have been treated ______ particular care.A) by B) in C) under D) with65. He gave a ______ to handle the affairs in a friendly manner.A) pledge B) mission C) plunge D) motion66. Don’t let the child play with scissors ______ he cuts himself.A) in case B) so that C) now that D) only if67. ______ the danger from enemy action, people had to cope with a severe shortage of food,clothing, fuel, and almost everything.A) As far as B) As long as C) As well as D) As soon as68. Many people lost their jobs during the business ______.A) desperation B) decrease C) despair D) depression69. Whenever a big company ______ a small one, the product almost always gets worse.A) gets on with B) cuts down C) takes over D) puts up with70. Mr. Smith was the only witness who said that the fire was ______.A) mature B) deliberate C) meaningful D) innocentPart IV Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)Directions: In this part there is a short passage with 8 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the right of the page.What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher? I think the following would be generally accepted.First, the teacher’s personality should be lively and attractive. This does not rule out people who are plain-looking, or even ugly, because many such people have great personal charm. But it does rule out such types as the over-excitable, sad, cold, and frustrated.Secondly, it is not merely desirable but essential for a teacher to have a genuine capacity for sympathy, a capacity to understand the minds and feelings of other people, especially, since most teachers are school teachers, the minds and feelings of children. Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant – not, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the weaknesses and immaturity of human nature which induce (诱导) people, and again especially children, to make mistakes.Thirdly, I hold it essential for a teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest. This means that he will be aware of his intellectual strengths and limitations, and will have thought about and decided upon the moral principles by which his life shall be guided. There is no contradiction in my going on to say that a teacher should be a bit of an actor. That is part of the technique of teaching, which demands that every now and then a teacher should be able to put on an act – to enliven (使生动) a lesson, correct a fault, or award praise. Children, especially young children, live in a world that is rather larger than life.A teacher must be capable of infinite patience. This, I may say, is largely a matter of self-discipline and self-training, for we are none of us born like that.Finally, I think a teacher should have the kind of mind which always wants to go on learning. Teaching is a job at which one will never be perfect; there is always something more to learnabout it. There are three principal objects of study: the subjects which the teacher is teaching; the methods by which the subjects can best be taught to the particular pupils in the classes he is teaching; and g by far the most important -- the children, young people, or adults to whom the subjects are to be taught. The two fundamental principles of British education today are that education is education of the whole person, and that it is best acquired through full and active co-operation between two persons, the teacher and the learner.S1. Plain-looking teachers can also be admired by their students if they have _________.__________________________________________________________________S2. The author says it is _________that teachers be sympathetic with their students.__________________________________________________________________S3. A teacher should be tolerant because humans tend to have S3 (1) _________and to be S3(2) _________.(1)________________________________________________________________(2)________________________________________________________________S4. A teacher who is _________will be able to make his lessons more lively.__________________________________________________________________S5. How can a teacher acquire infinite patience?__________________________________________________________________S6. Since teaching is a job no one can be perfect at, it is necessary for teachers to keep improving their knowledge of the subjects they teach and their _________.__________________________________________________________________S7. Teachers’ most importan t object of study is _________.__________________________________________________________________S8. Education cannot be best acquired without _________ between the teacher and the learner.__________________________________________________________________Part V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an eye-witness account of a traffic accident. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.假设你在某日某时目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。
2003年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷四级真题+答案详解+听力原文
2003年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) At the office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, A) “At the office” is the correct answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) They are both anxious to try Italian food.B) They are likely to have dinner together.C) The man will treat the woman to dinner tonight.D) The woman refused to have dinner with the man.2. A) It’s only for rent, not for sale.B) It’s not as good as advertised.C) It’s being redecorated.D) It’s no longer available.3. A) Colleagues.B) Husband and wife.C) Employer and employee.D) Mother and son.4. A) She contacts her parents occasionally.B) She phones her parents regularly at weekends.C) She visits her parents at weekends when the fares are down.D) She often call her parents regardless of the rates.5. A) The next bus is coming soon.B) The bus will wait a few minutes at the stop.C) There are only two or three passengers waiting for the bus.D) They can catch this bus without running.6. A) The assignment looks easy but actually it’s quite difficult.B) The assignment is too difficult for them to complete on time.C) They cannot finish the assignment until Thursday.D) They have plenty of time to work on the assignment.7. A) The man will go to meet the woman this evening.B) The man and the woman have an appointment at 7 o’clock.C) The woman can’t finish making the jam before 7 o’clock.D) The woman won’t be able to see the man this evening.8. A) She’s learned a lot from the literature class.B) She’s written some books about world classics.C) She’s met some of the world’s best writers.D) She’s just back from a trip round the world.9. A) The exam was easier than the previous one.B) Joe is sure that he will do better in the next exam.C) Joe probably failed in the exam.D) The oral part of the exam was easier than the written part.10. A) She is tired of driving in heavy traffic.B) She doesn’t mind it as the road conditions are good.C) She is unhappy to have to drive such a long way every day.D) She enjoys it because she’s good at driving.Section B Compound DictationDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage isread for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. Whenthe passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in theblanks numbered from S1 to S7 with the exact words you have just heard.For blanks numbered from S8 to S10 you are required to fill in the missinginformation. You can either use the exact words you have just heard orwrite down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passageis read for the third time, you should check what you have written.It’s difficult to imagine the sea ever running out of fish. It’s so vast, so deep, so (S1) ________. Unfortunately, it’s not bottomless. Over-fishing, (S2) ________ with destructive fishing practices, is killing off the fish and (S3) ________ their environment.Destroy the fish, and you destroy the fishermen’s means of living. At least 60 (S4) ________ of the world’s commercially important fish (S5) ________ are already over-fished, or fished to the limit. As a result, governments have had to close down some areas of sea to commercial fishing.Big, high-tech fleets (S6) ________ that everything in their path is pulled out of water. Anything too small, or the wrong thing, is thrown back either dead or dying. That’s an (S7) ________ of more than 20 million metric tons every year. (S8) ________.In some parts of the world, for every kilogram of prawns (对虾) caught, up to 15 kilograms of unsuspecting fish and other marine wildlife die, simply for being in the wrong place at the wrong time.True, (S9) ________, then catch them in a way that doesn’t kill other innocent sea life.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecenter.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can beused by ordinary people.The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?Heroes are catalysts (催化剂) for change. They have a vision from the mountaintop. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated (隔离的) buses, restaurants, and parks. It may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.11. Although heroes may come from different cultures, they ________.A) generally possess certain inspiring characteristicsB) probably share some weaknesses of ordinary peopleC) are often influenced by previous generationsD) all unknowingly attract a large number of fans12. According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that________.A) they have a vision from the mountaintopB) they have warm feelings and emotionsC) they can serve as concrete examples of noble principlesD) they can make people feel stronger and more confident13. Madonna and Michael Jackson are not considered heroes because ________.A) they are popular only among certain groups of peopleB) their performances do not improve their fans morallyC) their primary concern is their own financial interestsD) they are not clear about the principles they should follow14. Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical examples of outstanding leaders who________.A) are good at demonstrating their charming charactersB) can move the masses with their forceful speechesC) are capable of meeting all challenges and hardshipsD) can provide an answer to the problems of their people15. The author concludes that historical changes would ________.A) be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualitiesB) not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrificesC) take place ff there were heroes to lead the peopleD) produce leaders with attractive personalitiesPassage TwoQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, today’s traditional-age college freshmen are “more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的)” than at any time in the 17 years of the poll.Not surprising in these hard times, the student’s major objective “is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.” It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.Interest in teaching, social service and the “altruistic” fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.That’s no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job—even before she completed her two-year associate degree.While it’s true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions—be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business. No company; no job. How shortsighted in the long run!But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机): “Miss Baxter,” he says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?”From the long-term point of view, that’s what education really ought to be about.16. According to the author’s observation, college students ________.A) have never been so materialistic as todayB) have never been so interested in the artsC) have never been so financially well off as todayD) have never attached so much importance to moral sense17. The students’ criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with ________.A) the influences of their instructorsB) the financial goals they seek in lifeC) their own interpretations of the coursesD) their understanding of the contributions of others18. By saying “While it’s true that... be they scientific or artistic” (Lines 1-3, Para. 5),the author means that ________.A) business management should be included in educational programsB) human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speedC) human intellectual development has reached new heightsD) the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked19. Studying the diverse wisdom of others can ________.A) create varying artistic interestsB) help people see things in their right perspectiveC) help improve connections among peopleD) regulate the behavior of modern people20. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A) Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.B) Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.C) People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.D) Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.Passage ThreeQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. It’s now a “global village” where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out of mind.” He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company’s plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas,superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent (普遍的).Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn’t generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equalThe employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and cam have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.21. What is the author’s attitude toward high-tech communications equipment?A) Critical.B) Prejudiced.C) Indifferent.D) Positive.22. With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, businesspeople________.A) have to get familiar with modern technologyB) are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operationsC) are attaching more importance to their overseas businessD) are eager to work overseas23. In this passage, “out of sight and out of mind” (Lines 2-3, Para. 3) probably means________.A) being unable to think properly for lack of insightB) being totally out of touch with business at homeC) missing opportunities for promotion when abroadD) leaving all care and worry behind24. According to the passage, what is an important consideration of internationalcorporations in employing people today?A) Connections with businesses overseas.B) Ability to speak the client’s language.C) Technical know-how.D) Business experience.25. The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can________.A) better control the whole negotiation processB) easily find new approaches to meet market needsC) fast-forward their proposals to headquartersD) easily make friends with businesspeople abroadPassage FourQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they’ve become wealthier and more worldly-wise. Foreign travel is a national passion; this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonald’s and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to “Have a nice day” has caught on all over Israel. “Nobody wakes up in the morning and says, ‘Let’s be nicer,’” says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm. “Nothing happens without competition.”Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies (垄断者) that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls “the revengeful (报复的) consumer.” When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.” The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly mopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour. The graceless El Al Airlines, which is already at auction (拍卖), has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, “You can feel the ch ange in the air.” For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.26. It may be inferred from the passage that ________.A) customer service in Israel is now improvingB) wealthy Israeli customers are hard to pleaseC) the tourist industry has brought chain stores to IsraelD) Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones27. In the author’s view, higher service standards are impossible in Israel ________.A) if customer complaints go unnoticed by the managementB) unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbersC) if there’s no competition among companiesD) without strict routine training of employees28. If someone in Israel today needs a repairman in case of a power failure, ________.A) they can have it fixed in no timeB) it’s no longer necessary to make an appointmentC) the appointment takes only half a day to makeD) they only have to wait half an hour at most29. The example of El A1 Airlines shows that ________.A) revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprisesB) an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficultyC) a good slogan has great potential for improving serviceD) staff retraining is essential for better service30. Why did Bezaq’s international branch lose 40% of its market share?A) Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough.B) Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service.C) Because the service offered by its competitors was far better.D) Because it no longer received any support from the government.Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 3.0. incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that bestcompletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the center.31. Such crimes may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone________ them.A) discoveredB) will discoverC) would have discoveredD) discovers32. Though ________ in a big city, Peter always prefers to paint the primitive scenes ofcountry life.A) grownB) raisedC) tendedD) cultivated33. The careless man received a ticket for speeding. He ________ have driven so fast.A) can’tB) wouldn’tC) shouldn’tD) mustn’t34. If people feel hopeless, they don’t bother to ________ the skills they need tosucceed.A) adoptB) acquireC) accumulateD) assemble35. If I ________ harder at school, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.A) workedB) were to workC) had workedD) were working36. The shop assistant was dismissed as she was ________ of cheating customers.A) accusedB) chargedC) scoldedD) cursed37. All her energies are ________ upon her children and she seems to have little timefor anything else.A) guidedB) aimedC) directedD) focused38. While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they ________ bywild animals.A) should be attackedB) had been attackedC) must be attackedD) would be attacked39. Everyone should be ________ to a decent standard of living and an opportunity tobe educated.A) attributedB) entitledC) identifiedD) justified40. His wife is constantly funding ________ with him, which makes him very angry.A) errorsB) shortcomingsC) faultD) flaw41. Vitamins are complex ________ that the body requires in very small mounts.A) mattersB) materialsC) particlesD) substances42. Apart from caring for her children, she has to take on such heavy ________housework as carrying water and firewood.A) time-consumedB) timely-consumedC) time-consumingD) timely-consuming43. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely ________ to the outsideworld.A) having been lostB) to be lostC) losingD) lost44. The police are trying to find out the ________ of the woman killed in the trafficaccident.A) evidenceB) recognitionC) statusD) identity45. All human beings have a comfortable zone regulating the ________ they keep fromsomeone they talk with.A) distanceB) scopeC) rangeD) boundary46. We have planned an exciting publicity ________ with our advertisers.A) struggleB) campaignC) battleD) conflict47. ________ the help of their group, we would not have succeeded in the investigation.A) BesidesB) Regardless ofC) But forD) Despite48. ________ much is known about what occurs during sleep, the precise function ofsleep and its different stages remains largely in the realm of assumption.A) BecauseB) ForC) SinceD) While49. John doesn’t believe in ________ medicine; he has some remedies of his own.A) standardB) regularC) routineD) conventional50. Owing to ________ competition among the airlines, travel expenses have beenreduced considerably.A) fierceB) strainedC) eagerD) critical51. They always give the vacant seats to ________ comes first.A) whoeverB) whomeverC) whoD) whom52. In Africa, educational costs are very low for those who are ________ enough to getinto universities.A) ambitiousB) fortunateC) aggressiveD) substantial53. Professor Wang, ________ for his informative lectures, was warmly received by hisstudents.A) knowingB) knownC) to be knownD) having known54. Our manager is ________ an important customer now and he will be back thisafternoon.A) calling onB) calling inC) calling upD) calling for55. A fire engine must have priority as it usually has to deal with some kind of________.A) precautionB) crisisC) emergencyD) urgency56. He said that the driver must have had an accident; otherwise he ________ by then.A) would have arrivedB) must have arrivedC) should arriveD) would arrive57. The film provides a deep ________ into a wide range of human qualifies andfeelings.A) insightB) imaginationC) fancyD) outlook58. It is high time that such practices ________.A) are endedB) be endedC) were endedD) must be ended59. Urban crowdedness would be greatly relieved if only the ________ charged onpublic transport were more reasonable.A) feesB) faresC) paymentsD) costs60. The doctor had almost lost hope at one point, but the patient finally ________.A) pulled outB) pulled throughC) pulled upD) pulled overPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You shouldchoose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecenter.A language is a signaling system which operates with symbolic vocal sounds (语声), and which is used by a group of people for the purpose of communication.Let’s look at this __61__ in more detail because it is language, more than anything else, __62__ distinguishes man from the rest of the __63__ world.Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by __64__ of cries: for example, many birds utter __65__ calls at the approach of danger; monkeys utter __66__ cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure. __67__ these various means of communication differ in important ways __68__ human language. For instance, animals’cries do not __69__ thoughts and feelings clearly. This means, basically, that they lack structure. They lack the kind of structure that __70__ us to divide a human utterance into __71__.We can change an utterance by __72__ one word in it with __73__: a good illustration of this is a soldier who can say, e.g., “tanks approaching from the north“, __74__ who can change one word and say aircraft approaching from the north”or “tanks approaching from the west”; but a bird has a single alarm cry, __75__ m eans “danger!”This is why the number of __76__ that an animal can make is very limited: the great tit (山雀) is a case __77__ point; it has about twenty different calls, __78__ in human language the number of possible utterances is __79__. It also explains why animal cries are very __80__ in meaning.61. A) classificationB) definitionC) functionD) perception62. A) thatB) itC) asD) what63. A) nativeB) humanC) physicalD) animal64. A) waysB) meansC) methodsD) approaches65. A) matingB) excitingC) warningD) boring66. A) identicalB) similarC) differentD) unfamiliar67. A) ButB) ThereforeC) AfterwardsD) Furthermore68. A) aboutB) withC) fromD) in69. A) inferB) explainC) interpretD) express70. A) encouragesB) enablesC) enforcesD) ensures71. A) speechesB) soundsC) wordsD) voices72. A) replacingB) spellingC) pronouncing73. A) oursB) theirsC) anotherD) others74. A) soB) andC) butD) or75. A) thisB) thatC) whichD) it76. A) signsB) gesturesC) signalsD) marks77. A) inB) atC) ofD) for78. A) whereasB) sinceC) anyhowD) somehow79. A) boundlessB) changeableC) limitlessD) ceaseless80. A) ordinaryB) alikeD) generalPart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words accordingto the outline given below in Chinese.1. 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象2. 诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实It Pays to Be Honest2003年1月四级参考答案Part IPart IIPart IIIPart IVS1. mysteriousS2. coupledS3. ruiningS4. percentS5. speciesS6. ensureS7. averageS8. When you consider that equals a quarter of the world catch, you begin to see the size of the problem.S9. True, some countries are beginning to deal with this problem, but it’s vital we find a rational way of fishingS10. Before every ocean becomes a dead sea, it would make sense to give the fish enough time to recover, grow to full size and reproduce。
大学俄语四级考试真题与答案(02年)
大学俄语四级考试真题（2002年）ЧАСТЬ 1АУДИРОВАНИЕ( 15 баллов, 15 минут )А. Прослушайте следующие диалоги и подчеркните ответ, соответствующийсодержанию прослушанного.1. (На вопрос 1)а. Стать чемпионом мира.б. Стать геологом.в. Стать человеком с сильной волей.2. (На вопрос 2)а. Идти пешком обратно.б. Ехать в обратном направлении.в. Проехать ещѐ остановку.3. (На вопрос 3)а. К домашнему.б. К рабочему.в. К выходному.4. (На вопрос 4)а. Со своим братом.б.Со своим мужем.в. Со своим другом.5. (На вопрос 5)а. Друг Лены.б. Муж Лены.в. Студент МГУ.Б. Прослушайте микротексты и подчеркните ответ, соответствующий содержанию прослушанного.6. (На вопрос 6)а. Это книга о критическом положенииживотных на Земле.б. Это книга о расположении животных на Земле.в. Это книга красного цвета.7. (На вопрос 7)а. Человек не умеет читать и писать.б. Человек не имеет никакого образования.в. Человек не умеет мыслиться по-новому.8. (На вопрос 8)а. Водителем.б. Механиком.в. Рабочим9. (На вопрос 9)а. Петь в хоре.б. Петь на иностранных языках.в. Играть на музыкальных инструментах.10.(На вопрос 10)а. Из Шанхая.б. Из Пекина.в. Из Москвы.11.(На вопрос 11)а.В 1962 году.б. В 1963 году.в. В 1982 году.12.(На вопрос 12)а. Как всегда.б. Без труда.в. Нелегка.13.(На вопрос 13)а. Она поедет учиться за границу.б. Она увлечена иностранными языками.в. Она решила провести следующий отпуск где-нибудь за границей.14.(На вопрос 14)а. В марте.б. 1 января.в. 1 сентября.15.(На вопрос 15)а. С древности.б. С конца 10 века.в. С 1700 года.ЧАСТЬ 2ЧТЕНИЕ( 30 баллов, 30 минут )Прочитайте следующие микротексты и подчеркните ответ, соответствующийсодержанию прочитанного.Микротекст 1Нашу голубую планету часто сравнивают с гигантским космическим кораблѐм, летящим по просторам Вселенной, а человечество- с экипажем этого корабля. Но все мы должны осознать, что у нашего корабля нет аварийного(事故的)выхода. Поэтому надо постоянно подумать, как сделать наши города чистыми,зелѐными, красивыми, как защитить окружающую среду от загрязнения, как спасти наши реки и океаны, растительный и животный мир от гибели(毁灭).16.Как вы понимаете "гигантский космический корабль" в данном микротексте?а. Это Земля.б. Это Вселенная.в. Это человечество.Микротекст 2Алмаз(金刚石)известен с давнего времени как редкий и драгоценный камень. В 20 веке он стал одним из важнейших материалов научно-технического прогресса.Процесс развития общества тесно связан с развитием средств производства, в первую очередь с совершенствованием орудий труда: машин, станков и инструментов. В современной технике применяются всѐ более твѐрдые материалы. Алмаз оказался идеальным материалом для современных рабочих инструментов.17.Почему алмаз важен для совершенствования орудий?а. Он редкий камень.б. Он твѐрдый камень.в. Он драгоценный камень.Микротекст 3Один парень спешил на поезд. Вдруг он заметил умирающую птицу. Он тотчас поднял еѐ на руки и стал дышать на неѐ.——Скорей, парень! Поезд отходит!——Заволновались пассажиры.Еле-еле успел парень на поезд.——Молодой человек, ваш билетик? Нет? Значит, заяц?——спросил контролѐр.——Что вы! Человек птицу спасал, не успел билет взять…… Дело доброе,——сказал один из пассажиров.——Ладно. Доброе дело как бы……билетик.И он обернулся к другим пассажирам.18.Как вы понимаете слово "заяц" в данном микротексте?а. Это трусливый человек.б. Это небольшой зверь.в. Это безбилетный пассажир.Микротекст 4Как-то совершенно случайно мне пришлось присутствовать при весьма ожесточѐнном споре. За столом небольшого ресторана сидели три уже немолодые женщины: русская, немка (德国女人) и армянка（亚美尼亚女人）. Они спокойно ели кашу. Внезапно на пол упала деревянная ложка.——Ага!——сказала русская женщина.——Какая-то женщина придѐт к нам в гости. Ложка упала.——Почему женщина?——удивилась немка. Ложка——мужского рода. Должен какой-то мужчина прийти.Русская рассердилась:——Ну вот ещѐ! Если нож упал, тогда это значило бы мужчину.——Ха-ха-ха!——засмеялась немка. Да ведь, если нож упадѐт, это ничего не значит. Он рода среднего.Армянка сидела молча и смотрела то на ту, то на другую из спорящих. Она так и не понимала, почему нож может чем-то напомнить мужчину или ложка- женщину.19.Сколько человек спорило?а. Два.б. Три.в. Четыре.20.Какого рода слово "нож" в немецком языке?а. Мужского рода.б. Женского рода.в. Среднего рода.Микротекст 5Однажды, когда Юра шѐл в школу, он увидел дым из окна высокого нового дома. Юра поднялся на четвѐртый этаж, где была квартира, в которой что-то горело, и стал звонить и стучать. Но не было ответа на звонок и стук. Тогда он поторопился на этаж выше и позвонил в дверь. В той квартире была только старая бабушка. Юра попросил у бабушки крепкую верѐвку, спустился на четвѐртый этаж, выбил в двери на балконе стекло, открыл эту дверь и вошѐл в квартиру, полную дым. Он пробрался через дым на кухню и увидел, что тамуже горит стол, на котором был включенный электрический утюг(熨斗). Юра выключил утюг и залил стол водой……Вот за эти поступки Юру наградили грамотой.21.С какого этажа Юра спустился в квартиру, полную дыма?а. С 4 этажа.б. С 5 этажа.в. С 6 этажа.22.Что горит?а. Стол на кухне.б. Стол на балконе.в. Стол в столовой.Микротекст 6Дело было в Крыму. Один мальчик пошѐл на море ловить удочкой рыбу. Было очень высокий крутой скользкий берег. Мальчик начал спускаться, но он,увидев огромные острые камни, стал бояться. Он сдвинуться.А внизу в это время рыбак с дочерью ловили рыбу. Девочка увидела этого мальчика и поняла, что он трусит. Вдруг подул ветер, упала вниз удочка. Мальчику было жаль удочки. Он попробовал ползти вниз, но ничего не вышло. Рыбак посмотрел наверх и что-то сказал дочери. Вдруг девочка прыгнула в воду, взяла удочку и пошла обратно к лодке. Мальчик так рассердился, что забыл всѐ на свете и слез вниз.——Эй, отдай! Это моя удочка!——На, возьми, пожалуйста,- сказала девочка.- Я нарочно сделала, чтобы ты слез вниз.23.Когда упала удочка у мальчика?а. Когда подул ветер.б. Когда девочка увидела мальчика.в. Когда рыбак что-то сказал дочери.24.Зачем девочка пошла обратно к лодке с удочкой?а. Чтобы мальчик рассердился.б. Чтобы взять удочку домой.в. Чтобы мальчик смело спустился вниз.Микротекст 7Нина младшая в семье: ей восьмой год. Бабушка старшая- ей восемьдесят два года. Когда она обедает, у неѐ дрожат руки. Да и слух у неѐ не очень нормальный.Скоро у Нины день рождения. Мама сказала, чтобы Нина пригласила на обед своих подруг.Вот и гости пришли. Мама приготовила вкусные блюда и хотела подать настол. Нина подумала: ведь бабушка тоже за стол сядет. А у неѐ руки дрожат.Подруги смеяться будут.Нина сказала маме:——Мама, пусть бабушка сегодня за стол не садится.——Почему?——с удивлением спросила мама.——У неѐ руки дрожат. Мне неудобно перед подругами.Мама была поражена словами дочери. Она долго молчала,а потом сказала:——Сегодня бабушка заболела. Поэтому обеда не будет. Поздравляю тебя, Нина, с днѐм рождения. Желаю тебе: будь настоящим человеком.25.Сколько лет Нине сегодня?а. Ей 8 лет.б. Скоро будет 8 лет.в. Ей 9 лет26.Почему мама сказала, что сегодня обеда не будет?а. Потому что сегодня бабушка тоже садится за стол.б. Потому что бабушка заболела и она не успела приготовить обед.в. Потому что мать хотела, чтобы Нина научилась уважать старых.Микротекст 8С точки зрения здоровья жизнь в малых городах имеет свои преимущества. Достаточно сказать, что заболеваемость в малых городах в 4-5 раз меньше, чем в крупных. Поэтому неудивительно, что многие люди предпочитают жить в малых городах. Но к сожалению, сегодня малые города почти не растут, потому что в них нет крупной промышленности, вузов, театров……Чтобы изменить это положение, нужно создавать в малых городах свои промышленные предприятия. Создание промышленных комплексов в этих городах даѐт населению больше возможностей найтиработу. Однако создание предприятий иногда приводит к утрате преимуществ малых городов.Есть ли выход? Разумеется! Введение ненарушающей среду новой прогрессивной технологии значительно уменьшит пассивное влияние промышленных предприятий на окружающую среду.Сохранение и развитие малых городов- это главный путь замедления роста гигантских городов.27.Почему многие люди предпочитают жить в малых городах?а. В малых городах люди реже заболевают.б. В малых городах имеются крупные промышленные предприятия.в. В малых городах дают больше возможностей найти работу28.На что надо обращать внимание, когда развиваются младые города?а. На развитие гигантских городов.б. На создание гигантских городов.в. На сохранение преимуществ малых городов.Микротекст 9Научно-технический прогресс связан с бурным развитием науки и использованием еѐ достижений в производстве. Каждый день газеты и радио, журналы и телевидение сообщают о новых открытиях.Первый раз объѐм научных знаний увеличился в два раза только через 1750 лет. Второй раз объѐм знаний увеличился в два раза——за 150 лет, третий раз——за 50 лет. Информация растѐт и еѐ объѐм увеличивается в два раза через каждые 15 лет! Ещѐ быстрее в ведущих науках: в биологии——за 5 лет, в ядерной физике——за 1,5 года.За последние десятилетия резко сократилось время освоения достижений науки и техинки. Если в прошлом веке идея создания фотографии была осуществлена за 112 лет, то идея создания телевизора——за 12 лет.29.Чем доказано в тексте бурное развитие науки?а. Идея создания фотографии была осуществлена за 112 лет.б. Объѐм научных знаний увеличился в два раза только через 1750 лет.в. Средства массовой информации ежедневно сообщают о новых открытиях.30.За какой период времени была получена половина всех результатов исследований, которыми владеет человечество?а. За последние пятнадцать лет.б. За последние пятьдесят лет.в. За последние пятьсот лет.ЧАСТЬ 3СЛОВА И ГРАММАТИКА( 30 баллов, 30 минут )А. Прочитайте предложения и подчеркните самое подходящее слово для подставки.31.Человек, который ______ свои ошибки и исправляет их, никогда славыне теряет.а. познаѐтб. узнаѐтв. признаѐт32.Двое участников конференции ________ о своѐм несогласии с решением учреждения.а. объявилиб. объяснилив. выразили33.В этих странах женщины при выполнении одинаковой с мужчинами работыболее низкую зарплату.а. достаютб. получаютв. приобретают34.Праздник Первого мая былв июле 1889 года наПарижском конгрессе ⅡИнтернационала.а. установленб. остановленв. постановлен35.С начала ⅩⅩвека основное внимание Н.Е. Жуковского было направлено на _____ вопросов авиации.а. выработкуб. обработкув. разработку36. Мы должны внести вклад в ускоренное развитие науки, техники и ____ ___.а. воспитанияб. просвещенияв. образования37.Рост населения в городах ведѐт к ______ росту нужды в товарном хлебе.а. быстромуб. скоромув. срочному38.Эти аспиранты былидруг на друга, но каждому были свойственны неповторимые индивидуальные черты.а. похожиб. сходныв. близки39.Рукопись статьи потеряна, видимо, придѐтся мне писать всѐ ________.а. сноваб. вновьв. заново40.Материальное обеспечение было оченьнизким, качество одежды и питания смотрится неуказанным условием.а. в связи сб. в согласии св. в соответствии с41.Экскурсия по местам боевой и трудовой славы помогает воспитыватьлюбовь к Родине.а. в детяхб. детейв. на детях42. своего безграничного доверия к новому сотруднику директор поручил ему выполнить важную задачу.а. В честьб. В знакв. В качестве43.Если не будут приняты меры по охране рыбных богатств, тобудет ловить.а. нечегоб. ничегов. ничем44.Везде,бы зарубежные туристы ни приезжали, их встречали торжественно и приветливо.а. гдеб. кудав. откуда45.Всесторонний анализ произведения получился не настолько интересным,знакомить с ним наших коллег.а. чтоб. чтобыв. настолько46.Новый двигатель назвали двигателем внутреннего сгорания,топливосгорает внутри двигателя.а. хотяб. так чтов. так как47.Материал лекции оказался настолько сложным,было трудно самостоятельно разобраться в нѐм.а. чтоб. чтобыв. насколько48.Такое необычайное явление проявилось мгновенно,его вовсе не было.а. чтоб. какв. как будто49.Позади нас послышался внезапный шум:разбил стеклянную дверь кафедры.а. кто-тоб. кое-ктов. кто-нибудь50. эффективном использовании каждой минуты человек может добиться отличных успехов.а. Вб. Пов. ПриБ. Прочитайте текст и поставьте слова в скобках в нужной форме (употребите предлоги, где нужно)Знание математики в большей или меньшей степени (51. необходимый) для очень многих специальностей. В нашей стране, где идѐт великое строительство социализма, требуются тысячи математиков, в результате чего большое внимание уделяется (52. математическое образование).Каждый студент должен не только хорошо усваивать всѐ то, что (53. давать) ему на уроках, тщательно выполнять все задания, но и творчески работать(54. математика).Часто думают, что для занятия математикой необходимо иметь особый талант. Практикой (55.доказать), что это не так. Математический талант——это прежде всего напряженный труд.Действительно, (56. решить) посвятить всю свою жизнь математике, человек должен обладать математическими способностями. Какие же это способности?Иногда думают, что успех в математике (57. основать) на простом запоминании (58. большое число) правил, формул и т.д. Конечно, хорошая память для занятия математикой нужна, но очень многие выдающиеся учѐные-математики внесли большой вклад (59. наука-математика) несмотря на то,что они никакой особой памятью не обладали, а именно занятия математикой помогали им развивать память. Все способности необходимые для математиков не даются человеку готовыми при рождении. Они развиваются и крепнут в ходе творческого изучения математики. Чем (60.глубоко) занимаются студенты математикой, темкрепче у них математические способности. Нужно только любить эту науку и упорно изучать еѐ.51. _________________ 56. _________________52. _________________ 57. _________________53. _________________ 58. _________________54. _________________ 59. _________________55. _________________ 60. _________________ЧАСТЬ 4ПЕРЕВОД( 10 баллов, 15 минут )Переведите подчеркнутые предложения на китайский язык.Появление компьютера можно сравнить лишь с такими событиями, как развитие речи начало письменности, открытие книгопечатания. 61. Компьютер в отличие от книг, которые только хранят заложенную информацию, способен активно еѐ использовать. 62. Вступление человечества в информационную эру означает, что увеличится та часть населения, которая будет работать в сфере производства информации и информационных услуг. Вслед за "информацией" получили распространение такие понятия: информационная система, информационная культура, информационный образ жизни, информационный работник и др.63. Революция, которую несут компьютеры, меняет функции государственных учреждений и образ жизни людей. 64. Всѐ это требует серьѐзного изученияприроды и свойств информации, создания новых методов еѐ обработки и преобразования.В наше время прогресс человечества непосредственно связан с научно-технической революцией. Очевидно, что использование передовых научных достижений в производстве становится главным, 65. а в дальнейшем станет практически единственным источником улучшения материальной основы экономического развития общества.61. ______________________________________________________62. ______________________________________________________63. ______________________________________________________64. ______________________________________________________65. ______________________________________________________ЧАСТЬ 5ПИСЬМО( 15 баллов, 30 минут )Напишите микротекст на тему 《Мой любимый вид спорта》в 80 - 100 слов.（文章内容由自己决定；一般应分开始，中心，结尾三个部分。
(完整word版)2003专四真题及答案解析
2003SECTION A STATEMENTIn this section you will hear seven statements。
At the end of each statement you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.1. Which is NOT true about the listener？A。
He works hard.B。
He drinks a lot.C。
He smokes a lot。
D.He is healthy.2。
How did the speaker feel when he heard the news?A.He was satisfied。
B.He was annoyed。
C。
He was astonished.D.He was relieved。
3. When does the next coach leave?A。
At 9:10。
B。
At 9:15。
C.At 9:20。
D。
At 9：05.4. The speaker thinks that Jane might have ____。
A.a better marriageB.a better careerC.a better educationD.a better family life5。
What does the statement mean?A。
I am too happy to be helpful in any way。
B.I am willing but unable to help you。
C.I shall be very glad to offer my help。
D.I promise to think about how to help you.6. What does the statement imply？A。
2003年俄语专业四级试题
2003年俄语专业四级试题1. ПодорогевбиблиотекуявстретилНаташу, которая ___ книгуваудиторию. A) носила B) возила C) несла D) брала俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试2. Яне ___ наметроуженескольколет,предпочитаюехатьавтобусом.A) езжу B) еду C) будуехать D) ехал俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试3. Странно,чтомынеувиделидругдруга, яведь ___ этимжерейсом.A) летал B) летел C) лечу D) летаю俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试4. Когдаон ___ сработы, онпросилпередатьтебеэтузаписку.A) уходит B) уходил C) ушел D) уйдет俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试5. Матьоченьбеспокоиласьзабольногосына. Каждыйденьпослесменыонасразуже ____ вбольницу.A) идет B) ходит C) шла D) ходила6. Таняпрекрасно ___ машину, хотяполучилаправанедавно.A) водит B) ведет C) водила D) вела俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试7. Студентыне ____ вчераэкзамен, таккакпреподавательзаболел.A) сдавали B) сдали C) сданы D) сдадут俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试8. –Окнотакиоткрытоцелыйдень ? Ивовремядождябылооткрыто ?-- Нет, мы ___ его.A) закрыли B) закроем C) закрывали D)закрываем俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试9. Мырешилине ___ наэтопредложение.A) согласиться B) соглашаться C)соглашаемся D) согласимся10. ЭтойкнигиуКолидоманет. Какяпомню, он ___ еѐвбиблиотеке.A) брал B) взял C) берет D) возьмет俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试11. –Тыуспел ___ билетнасамолет ?-- Нет, мненеудалось ___. Япередумал,поедунапоезде.A) заказать, заказывать B) заказать,заказатьC) заказывать, заказывать D) заказывать, заказать12. –Высобираетесь ___ вбуфете ?-- Нет, мненадоело ___ холодныеблюда.Давайтепоедимвстоловой.A) поесть, есть B) поесть, поесть C)съесть,есть D) есть, поесть13. Выключательвкоридоренеработает, наверное,Бориссломалего,когдаутром__ тамсвет.A) включает B) включал C) включит D)включил14. ____, пожалуйста,гдездесьсправочноебюро? ___ медленнее,яплохопонимаюпо-русски.A) Скажите, СкажитеB) Говорите, ГоворитеC) Говорите, СкажитеD) Скажите, Говорите15. Давай___ все,чтовиделивчеравечеромнавокзале.A) расскажем B) рассказать C)рассказываем D) рассказываешь16. Никогдане ___ того,чтотынесможешьвыполнить.A) пообещайте B) пообещай C) обещайте D)обещай17. Медицинанаходитвсеновыеспособыисредства, ___ человекуборотьсясболезнями.A) помогавшие B) помогающие C) помогшие D) помогшему18. Вцентрегородастоитпрекрасноездание, ___ попроектуВ. Иванова.А) создающееВ) создавшееС)создаваемое D) созданное19. Только ___ специалистомвсвоемделе, тыможешьсправитьсясосвоейработой. А) бытьВ) будемС) будучи D) будьте20. Всегданадонадеятьсяналучшее, а___. А) готовитьсякхудшемуВ)приготавливатьсякхудшемуС) готовитьхудшее D) приготовитьхудшее21. Всякийраз, когдамы ___, междунамивозникалинескончаемыеспоры.А) встретилиВ) встретилисьС)встречались D) встретили22. Уменяголоваболит, вчерамнеплохо___.А) заснулВ) спалосьС) леглоспать D)поспало23. Ты __ сестре: ейоднойтрудноэтосделать.А) помоглиВ) помогС) былпомогли D) быпомог俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试24. Принашеминституте ___ современнаябиблиотека.А) имеетВ) имеютС) имеется D) имеются25. Мывошливзал ___ несколькоминутдоначалафильма.А) заВ) наС) в D) через俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试26. Взявотпуск ___, Олегпоехалвродноеселокродителям.А) месяцВ) намесяцС) вмесяц D) замесяц27. Извините, явамничегонемогусказать. Узнайте ____ самогодекана.А) изВ) отС) с D) у俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试28. Мыживем ___ научно-техническойреволюции.А) наэпохуВ) вэпохеС) наэпореD) вэпоху29. ____ встречесдрузьямионвсегдатолькокиваетголовой.А) ПриВ) ВоС) НаD) О俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试30. Яинедумал, что___ 10 летмыснимопятьвстретимсяздесь.А) послеВ) черезС) за D) О俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试31. ___ уважениякпреподавателюстудентывежливоулыбались.А) Из-заВ) ОтС) Из D) С32. МожнопроститьСашу,онведьдопустилошибку ___ молодости.А) поВ) сС) от D) из俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试33. Только ___ вашейпомощимысмоглизатакоекороткоевремядобитьсяуспеха. А) черезВ) из-заС) благодаря D) после34. ___ сильногодождясоревнованиенесостоялось.А) Из-заВ) ОтС) С D) Из俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试35. Мыприехалинавыставку ___ неделюпослееѐоткрытия.А) заВ) черезС) на D) с俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试36. какбынибыли ___ вопросы, выдолжнырешитьихкконцумесяцев.А) трудныВ) трудныеС) труднымиD) трудно37. Длятакойработынуженболее ___специалист.А) опытныеВ) опытныйС) опытен D) опытно38. Машавыросла ___ намать.А) похожаяВ) похожаС) похожей D) похоже39. Наелке ___ былооченьвесело. Онипели,танцевали.А) детямВ) детейС) дети D) детьми40. ЯбылнаЧерномморе, нооченьдавно, ____ вдетстве.А) когда-нибудьВ) когда-тоС) никогда D) когда41. Мне ___ здесьпоговорить,кругомниодногоблизкогочеловека.А) нескемВ) нискемС) неокомD) ниоком42. Максимпозвонил ___ научномуруководителюидоговорилсяснимовременизащиты.А) егоВ) своимС) своем D) своему43. Никтоменянебил, яупалисам ___разбиллицо.А) себеВ) своеС) мне D) мое44. Нельзясидетьдомавтакуюхорошуюпогоду, ___ надовыйтипогулять.А) куда-нибудьВ) куда-тоС) кое-куда D)куда45. Поэтомувопросусоветуювампоговоритьспрофессором ___.А) ПетроваВ) ПетровойС) Петровыми D)Петров46. Зайдив ____ книжныймагазиникупиэтукнигу.А) каждыйВ) всякийС) любой D) весь47. Кдветысячи ___ годубудутпостроеныещѐпятьтакихспортивныхдворцов.А) восьмойВ) восьмомС) восьми D)восьмому48. Тричеловекаподнялисьнаборткорабля. ___ изнихбыливвоеннойформе. А) ДвоихВ) ДвоеС) Оба D) Обе49. Какяпомню, этодеревомыпосадили ___ рождениянашегосына.А) вгодуВ) вгодС) нагод D) кгоду50. За 43 ___ работыврачомскоройпомощиявстречалсясразнымилюдьми.А) годаВ) летС) годов D) годы51. Онбылтаквозволнован, ___ нисловасказатьнемог.А) какВ) чтобыС) что D) хотя52. Сквозьсоняуслышал, ___ кто-тозвонил. А) еслиВ) какбыС) какбудто D) чтобы53. ___ учить, надопонятьдушучеловека. А) ПреждечемВ) ПередтемС) КогдаD) Пока54. самоеглавное, ___ мыдолжныдобитьсявэтомделе–получитьподдержкусосторонынарода.А) которогоВ) какогоС) чего D) что55. Онзнает, чтонеправ, нонаставиваетнасвоем, ___ унегооченьупрямыйхарактер.А) чтоВ) таккакС) как D) такчто56. ___ мызадержалисьхотьнаминуту, мыбыегонезастала.А) ЕслибыВ) ХотяС) Раз D) Если57. Невозможно,конечно,передатьмузыкусловами, ___ былбогатнашязык.А) никакВ) какниС) какбыни D) какбы58. Город, ___ Олегродом, находитсянаУрале.А) когдаВ) кудаС) где D) откуда59. Яоченьволновался, ____ ничегонеслышалинезамечалвокруг.А) такчтоВ) гдеС) чтобы D) как60. ___ развиваетсянаука, появляютсяновыетеории.А) Померетого, какВ) Послетого, какС) Дотого, как D) Стехпор, как61. Нельзя, ___ молодоепоколениезабылоопрошлом.А) чтоВ) когдаС) если D) чтобы62. Намоисловабратнеобращалникакоговнимания, ___ неемуяэтосказал.А) какВ) словноС) пока D) что63. Многиестраныдобиваются, ___ атомноеоружиебылополностьюзапрещено.А) чтоВ) какС) какбы D) чтобы64. ___ быстреедвижетсятело, ___ большесопротивлениевоздуха.А) Тем, чемВ) Как, такиС) Нетолько, ноиD) Чем, тем俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试65. Человекдолжентрудиться, ___ вэтомзаключаетсясмыслегожизни.А) иВ) аС) но D) однако66. Янепомнюслучая, ___ онотказалбымневпросьбе.А) еслиВ) когдаС) еслибы D) хотя67. Послевойнывсеунеговкравтире: имебель, икниги,иодежда, ___ неизвестнокуда.А) пропадаетВ) пропалоС) пропала D)пропадут68. Взалезаседаниявокругогромногокруглогостола___ двадцатьпятьстулья. А) стоялоВ) стоялаС) стоя D) стоял俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试俄语专业四级考试69. ___ отнегостоялакрасиваядевушкавкрасномплатье.А) ДвухшаговВ) ДвумяшагамиС) Шагахвдвух D) Двашага70. Вызнаете, начемобычно ___строительныематериалы ?А) возитВ) везетС) возят D) везут。
俄语专业四级考试历年综合知识真题精选1_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
俄语专业四级考试历年综合知识真题精选1(总分60, 做题时间90分钟)综合知识本部分包括语法、词汇、国情知识、言语礼节。
1.（2005）—Вы долго будете в командировке? —Нет, только________ .SSS_SINGLE_SELAчерез неделBна неделюCв неделюDнеделю分值: 1答案:D本题主要考查具体名词неделя的时间表示法。
用不带前置词的四格形式表示持续时间意义。
正确选项为D。
译文：“ 您会出差很久吗？” “ 不，就一周。
”2.（2013）Экскурсия по городусостоится________ с 9 до 12 часов.SSS_SINGLE_SELAна средуBв средуCот средыDсреду答案:B本题考查的是具体星期几的表达方式。
俄语中在表达具体星期几时，通常要用前置词В+ 名词四格形式，符合条件的是选项В。
译文：城市参观安排在星期三9 点到 1 2点。
3.（2016）Отец уехал на ю г вкомандировку________.SSS_SINGLE_SELAна месяцBза месяцCв месяцеDмесяц分值: 1答案:A本题主要考查具体名词м есяц时间期限表示法。
本题涉及体、时间等范畴的语法意义。
此处强调父亲去南方出差一周，表达动作行为结果持续的期限，因此选А。
译文：父亲到南方出差一周。
4.（2009）Первую линию метро в М осквеоткры ли________мая 1935 года.(SSS_SINGLE_SELA15-оеBот 15-огоCна 15-оеD15-ого答案:D本题主要考查日期表示法。
俄语中“在某年某月某日”的表示方法是：序数词中性第二格 + 月份名词的第二格+...года。
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Часть 1 АУДИРОВАНИЕА.1.а2.а3.а4.а5.бБ.6.а7.а8.в9.б 10.а11.в 12.в 13.а 14.б 15.вЧАСТЬ 2 ЧТЕНИЕ16.а 17.в 18.а 19.а 20.б21.б 22.а 23.а 24.в 25.а26.в 27.б 28.а 29.а 30.вЧАСТЬ 3 СЛОВА И ГРАММАТИКАА.31.а 32.в 33.б 34.а 35.б36.а 37.а 38.в 39.в 40.б41.а 42.б 43.б 44.а 45.б46.б 47.в 48.в 49.в 50.аБ.51.Земли 52.на него 53.ногой 54.двигающееся55.черз доску 56.Брошенный 57.стенкой 58.равномерным59.с постоянной скоростью 60.останавливаясьЧАСТЬ 4 ПЕРЕВОД61.与只能把储存的信息保存在其中的书籍不同，计算机能够积极地运用这些信息。
62.人类进入信息时代意味着在信息生产和信息服务领域工作的人数将会增多。
63.计算机带来的革命使国家机关的职能和人们的生活方式发生变化。
64.所有这一切要求认真研究自然及信息属性，建立处理和改造信息的新方法。
65……而在将来，（在生产中利用先进的科学成就）实际上会成为改善社会经济发展物质基础的唯一源泉。
2003年大学俄语四级考试答案及详解一、听力理解1 .答案是a。
问题1/ 米沙是否弄丢了电视机的零件? 由对话最后一句"Наоборот, у меня осталось несколько штук."可判断出答案是a。
2. 答案是a。
问题2/ 该对话是在什么人之间进行的？由对话第一句"Когда ты сегодня вернешься домой?"和第三句"Когда ты будешь готовишься к экзаменам."可判断出答案是a。
3. 答案是a。
问题3/ 这个地区有没有一条河？由对话"Когда-то здесь протекала река,теперь река течет по тубам под землей."得知答案是a。
4. 答案是a。
问题4/ 伯利亚在游行时手中拿着什么？由对话第三句"И ты нес флаг."得知答案是a。
5. 答案是б。
问题5/ 需要如何处理这辆车？由对话"Я разберу к этому времени вашу машинку."и"Ремонт производится в течение 10 дней."得知答案是б。
6. 答案是a。
问题6/ 托尔斯泰认为应把人分成几类？文章最后指出"Поэтому люди делятся на самого лучшего и самого плохого-зверя ."，所以答案是a。
7. 答案是a。
问题7/ 谁创立了俄罗斯有机化学的经典学派？由文中该句"Будлеров своими трудами развил русскую классическую школу органической химии, основанную Зининым."可知答案是a。
8. 答案是в。
问题8/ 讲述者是从事什么职业的？由文章最后一句"Я написал туда (в газету )статью, которая определила мою судьбу."判断出答案是в。
9. 答案是б。
问题9/ 这次比赛该镇的中学生是如何获胜的？由文中该句"Но на этот раз победа далась нелегко ."可知答案是б。
10. 答案是a。
问题10/ 小姑娘在哪里上学？由文中该句"Я училась в русском училище, которое находилось в Берлине."可知答案是а。
11. 答案是в。
问题11/ 今年该矿的采煤量为多少吨？由文中该句"В прошлом году шахта добыла сто тысяч тонн угля, а в нынешнем году количество продукции увеличилось вдвое. "可知答案是в。
12. 答案是в。
问题12/ 娜塔莎最喜欢哪一门课程？由文中该句"Но особенно со страстью занимается Наташа немецким языком."可知答案是в。
13. 答案是а。
问题13/ 为什么作者把面包、劳动、人民这三个词置于首位？由文中该句"……но на первое место я поставил бы три слова: хлеб, труд, народ. Это три корня, на которых держится наше государство."可知答案是а。
14. 答案是б。
问题14/ 这件事发生在何处？由文中该句"В это утро соседи заметили, как перед огородом остановился автомобиль, из которого вышли три человека. "可知答案是б。
15. 答案是в。
问题15/ 这三个男人在伊万的房子里呆了多长时间？由文中该句"Спустя четверть часа трое мужчин снова сели в машину и направились в город." 可知答案是в。
二、阅读理解短文1译文：八年级三班的学生不喜欢上地理课，所以星期三地理办公室的门打不开，那也不足为奇了。
有人把火柴棍儿插进了办公室的锁孔里。
不过幸运的是，劳动课老师虽费了些劲儿，不过没用多长时间就打开了锁。
"是谁干的？"地理课老师上课时，问道。
同学们怎么能承认，是马克西姆干的呢？问题16/ 谁打开了办公室的门？答案说明：办公室的门这里指的是地理办公室的门，文中很明确的指出是劳动课老师打开了门锁。
所以答案应是a。
短文2译文：最近几年《红皮书》这两个词已经成为地球上动物濒临危机的象征。
不论是在该领域从事研究的专家和工作人员，还是应该采取相应救助措施的工作人员都需要《红皮书》。
问题17/ 什么是《红皮书》？答案说明：а.这是红颜色的书。
б.这是关于动物在地球上分布情况的书。
в.这是关于地球上动物濒临危机的书。
显然，只有в 符合题意。
短文3译文：以前的文盲就是不会读书、写字的人。
可是，今天的文盲指的是不会以新的方式思考的人。
这里谈的是，科技进步条件下产生的新文盲，这些人不善于灵活地利用现代技术设备，而且总是给国家经济带来损失。
问题18/ 新文盲指的是什么样的人？答案说明：а.不会以新方式思维的人。
б.不会读书、写字的人。
в.没有任何文化的人。
只有а 符合题意。
短文4译文：有一次我非常偶然地赶上了一次非常激烈的争论。
一个饭店的桌前围坐着三位妇女：俄罗斯女人，德国女人和亚美尼亚女人。
他们安静地喝着粥。
突然一个木勺掉到了地板上。
——啊哈！——俄罗斯女人说。
——要有一个女人到我们这儿来做客了，因为勺子掉了。
——为什么是一个女人呢？——德国女人很奇怪。
勺子是阳性词。
应该是位男士来这儿才对。
俄罗斯女人生气了：——得了吧！要是刀掉了，才意味着是男士。
——哈哈哈！——德国女人笑起来。
要真是刀掉了，就什么意思都没有。
刀是中性词。
亚美尼亚女人默默地坐着，他无论如何是搞不懂……问题19/ 几个人在争论？答案说明：虽然有作者和三个女人在座，但参与争论的只有俄罗斯女人和德国女人。
所以应选答案a.两个人。
问题20/ "刀"在德语中是什么性的词？答案说明：文中有一句告诉我们德语中刀是中性词。
所以应选答案б。
短文5译文：有一次，尤拉看见从一幢高楼的一扇窗户里冒出烟来。
尤拉爬上了四楼，他开始按门铃、敲门，但是都没有回应，于是他急忙又上了一层楼，按响了门铃。
在这户住宅里只有一位老奶奶。
尤拉向老奶奶要了一根绳子，下到了四楼，打掉了阳台门的一块窗玻璃，打开了这扇门，进入满是烟雾的室内。
他穿过烟走进厨房，看见里面的桌子已经烧着了，就端起水往桌子上浇……问题21/ 尤拉从哪一层楼下到充满烟的住宅里？答案说明：冒烟的住宅在四楼，尤拉往上又上了一层，即第五层。
所以应选答案б。
问题22/ 什么东西在燃烧？答案说明：根据文中内容可知是厨房里的桌子烧着了。
所以应选答案a。
短文6译文：一个男孩去海边用鱼竿钓鱼。
海岸很高，又陡又滑。
小男孩开始往下走，但当他看见一些尖尖的大石头时，害怕起来。
他甚至都挪不动脚步了。
而恰在此时，下方有个渔民带着女儿正在打鱼。
小姑娘看见这个男孩的样子，明白他是胆怯了。
这时突然刮起了风，鱼竿掉落下去。
男孩很舍不得鱼竿。
渔民朝上看了看，对自己的女儿说了点什么。
突然小姑娘跳进水里，抓住钓鱼竿，又回到船上。
男孩非常生气，把什么都忘了，就爬了下去。
问题23/ 小男孩的鱼竿什么时候掉下去的？答案说明：根据文中事情发生的先后时间，鱼竿掉落应在起风之后。
所以应选答案a。
问题24/ 为什么小姑娘把鱼竿拿回到船上？答案说明：文中告诉小姑娘看见这个男孩的样子，明白他是胆怯了。
她把鱼竿拿回到船上，就是为了让男孩勇敢地下来。
所以应选答案в。
短文7译文：妮娜在家里最小——她7岁多了，奶奶的岁数最大——她82岁。
妮娜很快就要过生日了。
妈妈说让妮娜邀请自己的小朋友们来吃饭。
客人们都来了。
妈妈准备了可口的午餐，正想把它端上桌，妮娜就对妈妈说："妈妈，今天别让奶奶在桌上吃饭吧。
""为什么？"妈妈奇怪地问。
"她的手总是抖。
我在小朋友们面前会很不自在的。
"妈妈听了女儿的话非常吃惊。
她沉默了很久，之后说："今天奶奶病了，所以生日午宴不办了。
妮娜，祝你生日快乐，愿你做一个真正的人。
"问题25/ 今天妮娜几岁？答案说明：从文章第一句可知，妮娜7岁多了。
而今天妮娜过生日，所以它应该满8岁。
正确答案应是a。
问题26/ 为什么妈妈说，今天的生日午宴不办了？答案说明：妈妈想通过这样一种方式教育女儿，不能嫌弃老人。