说明文-图表作文

• 2、举例子（Illustration）。 • 例： • Americans value manual labor. They have great respect for craftsmanship. Many Americans prefer craft hobbies. For example, some build small boats in their leisure time. Others make new furiture or refinish antique furniture. Others enjoy
说明文写作
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作文四步曲： 1．审题构思（2-3分钟） 2．列纲定局（3-5分钟） 3．组织文章（20分钟） 4．修改润色（2-3分钟）
• 字数 120-150之间, 三段作文 • 字迹清晰工整
• 一、概述 • 二、写作方法及例子 • 三、图表作文
一、概述
• 说明文是描述某一事物、事由或过 程的文章。它用于说明客观事物的特点 和性能，或介绍某种操作的程序，或解 释某些抽象概念，或阐明某种科学原理、 自然现象等，完全是就事论事的描述， 所以也称技术性的描写文。词典、教材、 论文、实验报告、甚至广告等都属这类 文体。
• gardening or painting. Many lowincome American families have beautiful furniture or paintings or pottery or boats. They make these things and they are proud of their manual skill. In fact some people are really very handy.
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3、分类（Classification）。 把事物分作若干类型Байду номын сангаас说明或描 述各事物的特点和差异。
• 例： • All matter is in one of the three states. It may be in the state of a gas, a liquid or a solid. A solid has definite shape and definite volume. A liquid has definite volume, but it has no definite shape. It may flow or take the shape of its container. A gas changes not only in shape but also in volume, for it expands and contracts easily.
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5、因果分析（Cause and Effect）。 指分析某一事物或现象的前因后 果。有的文章以分析原因为主，有的 文章以说明造成的结果为主，一般说 来，不存在单独表示原因或结果的文 章。
• 例： • Climate affects the culture of a country. Men must learn to live within the limitations of their environment, and climate is an important part of the physical environment. Life in a tropical country is less strenuous and more casual than it is in a temperate one. Men work shorter hours and less vigorously in a hot climate. They cnnot play hard either. They tire easily. They can relax by reading, by sipping cool drinks, or by listening to soothing music. They must try to conserve their energy. The wisest ones learn to respect the demands of Nature.
二、写作方法及例子
• • 1、下定义（definition） 像词典那样直接地给字或词下定 义，也包括进一步通过举例、对比、 比喻逻辑推理等写作方法解释事物， 使读者对事物的特点有更全面的了解。
• 例： • Ambition means the goal in our life. To have one’s ambition does not necesarily mean to become one of the chief state leaders. This is not the real sense of the word. True ambition encourages us always to look forward and not to lose hope in face of failure. Ambition differs from person to person and everyone has his own ambiton. Yet not every one of us can succeed in what we desire to do.
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4、比较（Comparison）和对照 （Contrast） 比较和对照在英语写作中应用非 常广泛。一般来说，比较时指对人或 事件之间相同点进行分析；对比是对 人或事物之间的不同点进行比较。不 过在很多情况下，这两种方法不能截 然分开。
• 例： • It is easy to be a winner. A winner can show his joy publicly. He can laugh and sing and dance and celebrate his victory. People love to be with winners. Winners are never lonely. • Unlike winners, losers are the lonely ones of the world. It is difficult to face defeat with dignity. Losers cannot show their disappointment publicly. They cannot cry or grieve about their defeat. They may suffer privately, but they must be composed in public. They have nothing to celebrate and no one to share their sadness.