社会语言学第十讲社会方言阶层与职业教学内容
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The social motivation of a sound change
The social motivation of a sound change
（1）词汇调查
A lexical questionnaire, using the regional markers shown as most significant in the maps of the LANE, supplemented with recent observations, and concentrating on the following words containing (ay) and (aw):
These questions were generally successful in eliciting the informant's versions of the italicized words.
The social motivation of a sound change
（3）请高中生读课文
"After the high winds last Thursday, we went down to the mooring to see how the boat was making out. ... My father started to pump out the bottom, and he told me to find out if the outboard would start. I found out all right. I gave her a couple of real hard pulls but it was no dice. 'Let me try her,' my father said. 'Not on your life,' I told him. 'I've got my pride.'"
The social motivation of a sound change
（4）公共场所录音
In addition to the formal interview, observations were made in a great many casual situations: on the streets of Vineyard Haven and Edgartown, in diners, restaurants, bars, stores, docks, and many places where the general sound of public conversation could be noted, if not effectively recorded.
spider dying out
Sliding swipe
flattening out
white outhouse
egg pie frying pan crouch
The social motivation of a sound change
（2）诱导提问
"When we speak of the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, what does right mean? ... Is it in writing? ... If a man is successful at a job he doesn't like, would you still say he was a successful man?“
University, 1964-1970 Associate Professor, Professor,
University of Pennsylvania, 1971 Director, Linguistics Laboratory,
University of Pennsylvania, 1976-
社会语言学 第十讲
社会方言：阶层与职业
西方社会分层的两大理论传统
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Karl Marx
Max Weber
主导 阶级斗争 观点
阶级调和
理论 历史唯物主义 模型 生产力与生产关系
经济、声誉、权力 三位一体的分层模式
职业与阶层紧密关联
中国 美国
William Labov生平
Professor, Departments of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania,
Born: Dec 4, 1927, Rutherford, NJ Columbia University, M.A., 1963; Ph.D.
1964 Industrial chemist, Union Ink Co.,
Ridgefield, NJ, 1949-1960 Assistant Professor, Columbia
Casestudy 1: Martha’s Vineyard (1963)
The island was chosen as a laboratory for an initial investigation of social patterns in linguistic change. （1） has the advantage of being a self-contained unit, separated from the mainland by a good three miles of the Atlantic Ocean. （2） has enough social and geographic complexity to provide ample room for differentiation of linguistic behavior. （3） We are also fortunate in having the records of the Linguistic Atlas of New England 1931-1972 (henceforth abbreviated LANE) as a background for the investigation.
The social motivation of a sound change
（1）词汇调查
A lexical questionnaire, using the regional markers shown as most significant in the maps of the LANE, supplemented with recent observations, and concentrating on the following words containing (ay) and (aw):
These questions were generally successful in eliciting the informant's versions of the italicized words.
The social motivation of a sound change
（3）请高中生读课文
"After the high winds last Thursday, we went down to the mooring to see how the boat was making out. ... My father started to pump out the bottom, and he told me to find out if the outboard would start. I found out all right. I gave her a couple of real hard pulls but it was no dice. 'Let me try her,' my father said. 'Not on your life,' I told him. 'I've got my pride.'"
The social motivation of a sound change
（4）公共场所录音
In addition to the formal interview, observations were made in a great many casual situations: on the streets of Vineyard Haven and Edgartown, in diners, restaurants, bars, stores, docks, and many places where the general sound of public conversation could be noted, if not effectively recorded.
spider dying out
Sliding swipe
flattening out
white outhouse
egg pie frying pan crouch
The social motivation of a sound change
（2）诱导提问
"When we speak of the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, what does right mean? ... Is it in writing? ... If a man is successful at a job he doesn't like, would you still say he was a successful man?“
University, 1964-1970 Associate Professor, Professor,
University of Pennsylvania, 1971 Director, Linguistics Laboratory,
University of Pennsylvania, 1976-
社会语言学 第十讲
社会方言：阶层与职业
西方社会分层的两大理论传统
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Karl Marx
Max Weber
主导 阶级斗争 观点
阶级调和
理论 历史唯物主义 模型 生产力与生产关系
经济、声誉、权力 三位一体的分层模式
职业与阶层紧密关联
中国 美国
William Labov生平
Professor, Departments of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania,
Born: Dec 4, 1927, Rutherford, NJ Columbia University, M.A., 1963; Ph.D.
1964 Industrial chemist, Union Ink Co.,
Ridgefield, NJ, 1949-1960 Assistant Professor, Columbia
Casestudy 1: Martha’s Vineyard (1963)
The island was chosen as a laboratory for an initial investigation of social patterns in linguistic change. （1） has the advantage of being a self-contained unit, separated from the mainland by a good three miles of the Atlantic Ocean. （2） has enough social and geographic complexity to provide ample room for differentiation of linguistic behavior. （3） We are also fortunate in having the records of the Linguistic Atlas of New England 1931-1972 (henceforth abbreviated LANE) as a background for the investigation.