基于单片机的指纹识别门禁系统设计

摘要

人们在生活中需要安全的门禁设施，来保证自己的财产安全，各种各样的门禁系统随之而生。但随着数字化和网络化的不断发展，以前的门禁方式在鉴别方式、速度和性能方面越来越不能满足人们的需要，比如射频卡、数字密码等方式，其安全性不够高。在新的方式开发的过程中，由于人的身体特点具有不可复制性，所以人们把目光转移到这上面来，开始了生物识别的门禁系统的开发。指纹识别作为生物特征识别，它是独特的，它的特点是不易伪造，以为它的这些特点目前已被广泛应用于安全访问。

对于企业来说，办公楼的安全性和规范性就显得尤为重要，对于进入楼内的人员需要严格的管理，并且需要保密的楼层也需要限制人员的进入。指纹识别技术正好可以解决这个问题，每个人的指纹就相当于每个人的身份标识，对指纹的识别和管理，就能够实现对人员的管理。本文设计的系统是基于单片机的指纹识别门禁系统，它是在指纹识别技术的基础上加以开发扩展得来的，主要目的是加强人员的出入管理和提高门禁的安全性。整个门禁系统主要包括上位机和下位机两部分，对于下位机，单片机作为主体，另带多个子模块，包括指纹识别模块、液晶显示模块、网络模块、继电器和蜂鸣器等；对于上位机，主要负责用户信息的管理，并且通过网络模块，对多个下位机行进远距离控制。

论文基于对指纹识别技术和指纹识别系统的发展研究的意义的分析，介绍了指纹识别门禁系统总体框架，阐述了各子模块的硬件和软件资源。论文首先简要介绍了指纹识别算法，重点介绍了指纹识别模块（FM-180）的使用方法，包括它的硬件连接和软件指令的使用方法。在此基础上，设计了以STC89C52单片机为核心的指纹识别门禁系统，指纹识别模块负责识别指纹，并传输给单片机结果，单片机根据结果来控制液晶显示和蜂鸣器的声音提示，再控制继电器的开闭，单片机还能通过网络模块与上位机实现远程通讯。之后，介绍了软件部分的设计，包括单片机、液晶屏、指纹识别模块和上位机的软件设计。系统测试部分，通过对系统的模型样机的测试表明，系统能够完成基本功能并具有较好的稳定性，初步达到了预期的设计目标。在论文最后，做出了简单的总结与期望。

关键词：指纹识别；门禁；单片机

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Abstract

People need in life safety entrance guard facilities, to ensure the safety of their property, and all kinds of entrance guard system.But with the continuous development of digitalization and networking, the entrance guard before way in terms of speed of identification methods, and performance is more and more can't satisfy people's needs,Such as radio frequency card, digital code, its security is not high.In a new way in the process of development, because of the human body characteristics is replication, so people focus to this, started the biometric access control system development.Fingerprint identification as a kind of biometric recognition, it has the characteristics of uniqueness and difficult to counterfeit, make it widely used in security access.

For enterprises, building security and standardization is particularly important, for people entering the building needs to strict management, and need to be kept secret floor also need to limit personnel to enter.Fingerprint identification technology can solve the problem, each person's fingerprints are equivalent to each person's identity, the fingerprint identification and management, can realize the management of the personnel.In this paper, based on fingerprint identification technology is introduced, and design a set of fingerprint entrance guard system based on STC89C52 single-chip computer, to realize the unification of the building entrance guard management and personnel management of permissions.The entrance guard system mainly includes two parts of the upper machine and lower machine .For the machine, including fingerprint identification module, liquid crystal display module, network module, relay and buzzer, controlled by single chip microcomputer.For PC, is mainly responsible for user information management, and through the network module, a machine under the multiple remote control.

Papers on the analysis of the fingerprint recognition technology development present situation and research significance of fingerprint entrance guard system, on the basis of introduced the overall framework of fingerprint entrance guard system, this paper expounds the each module's hardware and software resources.Paper first

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