阅读理解之词义猜测题解析
考研英语阅读理解词义句义猜测题解析
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考研英语阅读理解词义句义猜测题解析
一、考查形式
主要考查考生通过上下文判断词义、句义的能力。
其中词义题又可以分为两类,即对超纲词语含义的推断和对熟悉词语的生僻含义的推断或是词语在特定场合的含义。
二、命题模式
1.The phrase (word, sentence)... (in line...) most probably means--
2.By ..., the writer (probably) means--
3.From the passage, we can infer that the word...is--
三、解题技巧
1.根据上下文猜词必须明确两点:不管这个词有多么超纲,根据上下文都能得出其意义;不管这个词多么熟悉,都要通过上下文得出它在特定场合下的意思,要避免直接用自己熟悉的意义去解释词义。
2.猜测生僻词的词义:我们可以用以下几种方法去猜测其含义。
①反用构词法,即根据词根、前缀后缀的意义推测词的含义。
如2006年passage1中homogenizing (homo-相同;-gene- 生长,产生;-ize动词后缀,使成为,变成)。
②词性加搭配:先判断生词在文章中的词性,再看它与哪些词语可以搭配,最后根据自己的常识猜测词语含义。
③找同义词、同义解释;找反义词、反义解释:在上下文中找出生词的其他表达法,可能是一个近(反)义词、一个解释或一些暗示。
④找同位词:上下文中可能有与生词出现的句子类似的平行结构,找出和生词处于同一位置的词去推测。
七年级下学期英语仁爱版课后习题:“词义猜测法”解答阅读理解题
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“词义猜测法”解阅读理解题
阅读中遇到生词是难免的,所猜词汇可以是生词,也可以是熟词新义,还可以是人称代词的指代内容。
借助所学猜测词语的基本方法来猜测、推断、理解陌生词语的词义。
这类题一般要求我们理解阅读理解材料中的某个生词的含义,有时是短语或句子的确切含义。
要注意三种情况:有的词汇具有一词多义,多义词在不同的语境中意义是不相同的;有的词虽未学过,但在上下文中能够反映出此词的含义。
不管属于哪种情况,都可通过多种方法猜测其正确含义。
例:
…On that day, students from different clubs show their talents in different ways (用不同的方式). They can sing English songs and draw. They can play the guitar, the violin, the piano and the drums. They can also play chess and show us their swimming skills(技巧)…
W hat’s the meaning of the underlined word “talents”?
A. 才艺
B. 节目
C. 活动
D. 歌声
答案:A
解析:这一段短文介绍了来自不同俱乐部学生进行才艺表演的事情。
根据后文中学生的一系列活动“唱英语歌、绘画、弹各种乐器、下棋及游泳等”可知前文表示来自不同俱乐部的学生用不同的方式展示他们的才艺。
故选A。
第1页共1页。
高一英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题40题答案解析版
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高一英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题40题答案解析版1.The author uses the word "jubilant" in the passage. What does it mean?A.angryB.happyC.sadD.tired答案:B。
解析:在文章中可以通过作者描述的场景和氛围来猜测词义。
文中提到人们在庆祝活动中,脸上洋溢着笑容,由此可推断“jubilant”是高兴的意思。
选项A“angry”生气不符合庆祝活动的氛围;选项C“sad”悲伤也与场景不符;选项D“tired”疲惫同样不恰当。
2.In the story, the word "scurry" is mentioned. What's the meaning?A.walk slowlyB.run quicklyC.jump highD.stand still答案:B。
解析:根据上下文,文中描述小动物们在听到声音后迅速行动,可推测“scurry”是快速跑的意思。
选项A“walk slowly”走得慢与迅速行动不符;选项C“jump high”跳得高不相关;选项D“stand still”站着不动也不对。
3.The word "mellow" appears in the text. What does it mean?A.sharpB.softC.loudD.quiet答案:B。
解析:从文章中对音乐或氛围的描述可以推断“mellow”的意思。
文中提到音乐让人放松,氛围很温和,所以“mellow”是柔和的意思。
选项A“sharp”尖锐不符合;选项C“loud”大声不对;选项D“quiet”安静不准确。
4.The author writes about a "vivacious" person. What does "vivacious" mean?A.boringB.livelyC.shyD.calm答案:B。
初中词义猜测题
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初中词义猜测题是中考英语阅读理解中的一种题型,主要
考察学生根据上下文推测生词含义的能力。
下面是一个例子:
题目:在文中“For example, he studies the map and identifies that their location is near the
intersection of two major highways. Then he
calculates that they are 200 miles from the nearest gas station.”这句话中,“intersection”一词最可能的
含义是()
A. 交叉路口
B. 分叉点
C. 结合点
D. 冲突点
解析:根据上下文可以推测出“intersection”指的是两
条公路相交的地方,因此最可能的含义是“交叉路口”。
选
项B“分叉点”通常是指一个树枝分出其他树枝的地方,与
上下文不符;选项C“结合点”通常是指两个或多个事物结
合在一起的地方,与上下文也不符;选项D“冲突点”通常
是指发生冲突或矛盾的地方,与上下文无关。
因此,正确答
案是A。
解题技巧:
1. 仔细阅读上下文,了解文章的大意和背景。
2. 根据上下文中的线索和提示,推测生词的含义。
3. 注意生词的词性和用法,以及其在句子中的作用和意义。
4. 排除与上下文不符或与常识不符的选项。
5. 最终确定答案时要确保选项符合上下文的逻辑和意义。
易错点16 阅读理解:词义猜测题(4大陷阱)-备战2024年高考英语考试易错题(解析版)
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易错点16 阅读理解词义猜测题目录01 易错陷阱(3大陷阱)02 举一反三【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点【易错点提醒二】代词指代猜测易混易错点【易错点提醒三】句意猜测易混易错点03 易错题通关易错陷阱1:词义/词组指代易混易错点。
【分析】这类题错误主要因为基础词汇量积累和词根词缀积累不足,根据构词法猜词是阅读理解必不可少的能力。
平时应当大量积累单词,同时利用前后的同位关系或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。
易错陷阱2:代词指代猜测易混易错点。
【分析】阅读材料中的每个词与它前面的词语或句子甚至段落都有着密切的关联。
有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远,应当对前面提到的内容进行总结,认真查找,才能得出代词所指代的事。
易错陷阱3:句意猜测易混易错点。
【分析】此类题型应当定位画线句子,充分利用语法和逻辑关系分析原句。
同时分析理解画线句前后的语境,合理归纳总结找出与原句意思相同的选项并代入画线处验证。
切不可因为句中出现熟词,而脱离语境,望文生义。
【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点【例1】(湖南省常德市临澧一中2023-2024学年高三阶段试题)She programmed an IBM 7030 Stretch computer, providing faster calculations for an accurate Earthmodel. This detailed mathematical model of the shape of the Earth was a building block for what would become the GPS orbit.What does the underlined phrase “a building block” in paragraph 5 mean?A.A basic part.B.A detailed map.C.A building material.D.A major obstacle.【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案)
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新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略高考考情分析解读:词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。
词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断,也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断,既可以是生词生义,也可以是熟词新义,还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看,词义猜测题一般有1-2题。
考查相对比较稳定,但难度略有增加,需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
在词义猜测题中,所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,要根据短文提供的语境,通过阅读上下文,根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
2016年全国卷设问形式例子:(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in the la st paragraph refer to?(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有:The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”.Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”.What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构:代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附:典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力,这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程,即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理,有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。
阅读理解中猜测词义题的解题策略分析
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二、常见阅读猜词题的设问方式:
(1). What does the underlined word “them/it” refer to? (2). In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to). (3). According to the passage, ... probably means (4). The author uses the word... to mean. (5). The underlined phrase “punch line” most probably means______. (6). The underlined word “one” could best be replaced by ______. (7). What does “garden” in the last two paragraphs stand for? (8). Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “___”?
1. Definition or explanation 定义法或释义法
(2). (2014新课标全国卷 I.B) Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Q: The unlined Word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ ________.
高考英语阅读理解解题指导:破解猜测词义题
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高考英语阅读理解解题指导:破解猜测词义题猜测词义是英语阅读理解的重要考点之一,近几年高考试题中都会有一个小题考查词义猜测。
词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查,还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。
除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外,在阅读理解文章中,总会有一些单词或短语超出了新课标词汇表的范围,但又没有附加注释,而需要考生猜测,这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。
1.利用释义法解题在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中,作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。
常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。
通过阅读定义或解释部分,读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。
【考例1】(2022年全国乙卷,C篇)29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety.B. Assistance from drones.C. inspection and repair.D. Construction of infrastructure.解析:原文:That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.“including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”对“maintenance”进行了解释,故推测maintenance是“维护,保养”的意思,C项inspection and repair与句中的inspect and repair对应。
例析阅读理解题中词义猜测题的解答技巧
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正确理解文中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步,也是理解文章的基础。
但英语单词、短语的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思,其含义随不同语境会有所不同。
我们能根据上下文理解灵活变化的词义,才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。
在高考阅读理解题中,词义猜测题通常有以下三种情况:①推测划线单词或短语的含义;②推测划线代词的指代含义;③推测划线句子的含义。
近三年全国高考细节理解题题量统计卷名年份新高考I卷全国卷I(乙卷)全国卷II(甲卷)全国卷III 202021112021111120221122技巧一:对于推测划线单词或短语的含义的题目,可以依据定义、同位语、文章中的例子、对比关系或比较关系、构词法、并列结构、因果关系等来解题。
【典题例析1】(苏州市2022学年第二学期学业质量阳光指标调研卷)For Amazon and Netflix,adding games to their platforms could attract more subscribers. Or at the very least dissuade existing ones from leav-ing.After a jump caused by pandemic in users,Netflix dropped430,000subscribers in the second quarter but regained some of these in the third flix has said in the past that in the“attention economy”,it com-petes against video games just as much as video stream-ing services.What does the underlined word“dissuade”in Para-graph3mean?A.Forbid.B.Discourage.C.Release.D.Protect.【解析】答案B。
2025届高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题解题策略及真题练习+课件
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3. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate.
A. pretty
B. passive C. protective D. energetic
Practice 根据上下文语境推断词义。
4. At first, Gao was a hardworking and honest man who sells fish to make a
1. Mr.Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
adj.健谈的
同义或近义 synonym or near-synonym
利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词或短语推知划线词的 意 思 。 常 见 信 号 词 (clues) : and, or, also, as...as, just as, similarly等
原因:because,as,since(因为),for(因为) 结果:so,thus,as a result , therefore, so that …
8.The museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibitions in one day. adj. 大的
利用对比或转折的信号词,然后根据反义词线索猜测词义。 常见信号词/词组有:but, yet(然而), despite(尽管), however, while(但是), unfortunately(不幸地), on the other hand, on the contrary(相反), in contrast, instead of, rather than, not as…as, not the same as…等
第9讲.阅读理解之猜测词义题
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第九讲阅读理解之猜测词义题【考点说明】阅读理解之猜测词义题在阅读考试中考察得比重不大,但难度很大。
在有传统阅读题型的联盟考试(复旦千分考、北约、卓越同盟)中,四选一的阅读理解有时会考这种题型,其中复旦千分考考查较多,几乎每年都有该题型。
此类题目考查的是考生对阅读文章中出现的关键词或短语的理解能力,对考生的上下文分析能力要求比较高。
【题型特点分析】对于文中单词的考查又无外乎两种情况:一种是多义常用词在特定语境中的具体含义;一种是可以根据上下文推测出含义的生僻词汇。
常见题干表现形式如:①The word“…”mostly probably means…②By saying“…”,the author means…③The word“…”mostly probably refers…④Which of the following is the closet in meaning to the word“…”⑤The statement“…”probably means…【解题技巧】猜测词义时,一般可利用以下四个方面的线索:一.通过构词法根据前缀,后缀,转化猜测词义如:But judging from recent studies Of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears,both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.【解析】“counter”表示“相反的、逆向的”,而“productive”表示“产生的”,再综合上下文,我们可以断定其含义是“对健康有害意思。
所以答案为D。
注:关于这一块内容,建议复习第二讲中的构词法二.篇章逻辑关系法所谓逻辑关系法,即通过理解引号内的部分在原文中所在的句子,以及其之前和之后的句子,并通过这些句子之间的逻辑关系判断引号内部分的含义。
高一英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题40题(含答案)
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高一英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题40题(含答案)1.The boy was so naughty that he often got into trouble. What does "naughty" mean?A.cleverB.badC.shyD.kind答案:B。
解析:根据后文“he often got into trouble”可知这个男孩经常惹麻烦,所以“naughty”的意思是调皮捣蛋的、不好的,即“bad”。
选项A“clever”聪明的不符合语境;选项C“shy”害羞的也不符合;选项D“kind”善良的与惹麻烦不相符。
2.The old man walked slowly along the path. What does "path" mean?A.roadB.riverC.fieldD.building答案:A。
解析:老人沿着某个地方慢慢地走,结合常识可知通常是沿着路走,“path”在这里的意思是路,即“road”。
选项B“river”河流;选项C“field”田野;选项D“building”建筑物,都不符合语境。
3.The girl was very excited when she saw the beautiful flower. What does "excited" mean?A.tiredB.happyC.sadD.angry答案:B。
解析:女孩看到漂亮的花,通常会感到高兴,“excited”在这里表示兴奋的、激动的,和“happy”意思相近。
选项A“tired”疲劳的;选项C“sad”悲伤的;选项D“angry”生气的都不符合语境。
4.The dog barked loudly at the stranger. What does "barked" mean?A.jumpedB.ranC.shoutedD.slept答案:C。
高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技巧及练习
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高考英语词义猜测题解题技巧与练习做阅读理解,最怕遇到生词,不仅影响文章的理解,也会拖慢阅读速度,而在阅读理解当中,生词又是不可防止的,如何解决呢?Part1:知识点讲解类属法即通过类属来推测词义。
如:Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconutsandsomeotherkindsoffruitgrowinwarmareas.说明:从句意我们知道pineapples和coconuts与bananas,oranges是同类事物,同属水果(准确地说是“菠萝〞和“椰子〞)。
推理法即根据文章的前后语境推出生词的词义。
如:Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.说明:既然一天之内看不完所有的展品,那么immense的意思应该是“很大〞了。
Everyoneagreedthatthewomaninthephotowasgorgeous.Itwaseasytoseewhyshehadwonthebeautycontest.说明:既然“她在选美比赛中获胜〞,说明她“很美丽〞(gorgeous)。
列举法即通过对文章所列举的事物来猜测生词的词义。
如:Childrenlikesuchcreaturesasdogsandmonkeys.说明:像dogs和monkeys之类的“creatures,〞显然creatures的意思应是“动物〞。
Inyoursparetime,youmaylookthroughanyoftheseperiodicals:TimeMagazine,NewsWeek,orTheNewWorker.说明:periodical是生词,但根据其后所列举的例子,我们可以推测出它的意思可能是“期刊〞或“杂志〞。
■构词法即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词的词义。
如:Overworkmaycausediseases.说明:前缀over-的意思是“过分的,过量的〞,故overwork的意思应为“工作过度〞。
高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题
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解密阅读理解之词义猜测题考点详解词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力,也是高考中必考的题型。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
【命题趋势】1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息,结合中学生应有的常识和经验,正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组,通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。
3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。
用"逻辑关系梳理法"、"递向寻踪法"理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】1. The underlined word "…"in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______.2. By saying that "…"in the first(second…) paragraph, the autho r means that ______.3. In paragraph …, "…"can be replaced by "______".4. The meaning of "…"in paragraph… is related to ______.5. Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)?6. The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probab ly means that _____.对此类试题,考生应该进行大胆猜测,但这种猜测不是胡乱的,盲目的,而是有一定的方法和技巧。
下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。
一、相似法:利用同义词、近义词(词组)或相似的结构猜测词义。
小升初英语阅读理解之词义猜测20题
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小升初英语阅读理解之词义猜测20题1<背景文章>Last weekend, my family went on a _<u>picnic</u>_ to the park. It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining brightly. We brought a big _<u>hamper</u>_ filled with all kinds of delicious food, like sandwiches, fruits, and cookies. When we arrived at the park, we found a nice _<u>spot</u>_ under a big tree. My little sister was very _<u>exuberant</u>_, running around and laughing all the time. After we ate, we played some games together. It was really a _<u>memorable</u>_ day.1. What does the word "<u>picnic</u>" mean in the article?A. 野餐B. 派对C. 远足D. 购物答案:A。
解析:在文章中提到去公园并且带着装满食物的大篮子,在公园找地方吃东西、玩耍等,这些都是野餐的典型场景,所以“picnic”在这里是“野餐”的意思。
2. The word "<u>hamper</u>" in the passage probably means?A. 篮子C. 盒子D. 袋子答案:A。
2024年新高考英语一轮复习专题 21 阅读理解之词义猜测题(含答案解析)
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专题21 阅读理解(词义猜测题)1.(2023·广东深圳·高三统考期末)On the outside, 12-year-old Luna seems like your average kid. It's not until you get to know her that you learn that Luna is anything but average.Bom with a heart defect (缺陷)called dextrocardia, Luna has had three open-heart operations and continues to pursue her interests in art and fashion. But when Luna was approached by athletic shoe company Saucony to design a shoe for sale across the country, it came as quite a surprise.“This is so incredible. I got to use my art and creativity for something new that I'd never thought I'd be able to design,“ Luna said. She is one of six patients from Boston Children's Hospital ( BCH) who have partnered with Saucony to design their own shoe to launch the Shoes with Soul campaign.“Rather than just a donation, we wanted to create an experience and a moment that would not only raise money, but also awareness to highlight all the amazing work that's being done at BCH,“ says Chris, Saucony's vice president. “Specifically, we wanted to give some of the BCH kids an opportunity to share their story and their talents with the world. ”Luna's design is fashion. u On the tongue ,they digitalized one of my drawings, and then on bottom it's a really bright pink color, and on the inside ,the sole of the shoe is actually another drawing I did of a sunset,“ she said. "Thinking about kids everywhere around the world wearing my shoe is amazing. It blows my mind.”The income from the shoe sales will benefit the Boston Children's Hospital Cardiac Fitness Program, which encourages kids to “find your possible" through personalized exercise programs tailored for each individual patient's heart condition.“It feels really good to help people and it's really something I can relate to,“ says Luna. “The advice I would give a kid or someone like me is never give up. There are a lot of kids out there with your condition and you're not alone.”1.What can we learn from Chris' words?A.It's unwise to raise money.B.It's optional to seek donations.C.It's wonderful to study art.D.It's necessary to show kids' talents.2.What does Luna mean by “It blows my mind" in paragraph 5?A.I'm overjoyed.B.['m very serious.C.My mind goes blank.D.My mind is racing.3.Which of the following best describes Luna?A.Gifted and determined.B.Generous and serious.C.Grateful and helpful.D.Creative and sensitive.4.What is the text mainly intended to do?A.Tell us a story of a disabled girl.B.Set a good example to the disabled.C.Launch Saucony's new brand shoes.D.Introduce a campaign with kid patients.【答案】1.D 2.A 3.A 4.D【分析】这是一篇记叙文。
初三英语阅读理解技巧词义猜测题的解题技巧
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初三英语阅读理解技巧词义猜测题的解题技巧初三英语阅读理解技巧:词义猜测题的解题技巧在初三英语的学习中,阅读理解是一个重要的部分,而词义猜测题则是阅读理解中的常见题型。
对于很多同学来说,这类题目可能具有一定的挑战性,但只要掌握了正确的解题技巧,就能轻松应对。
接下来,我将为大家详细介绍初三英语阅读理解中词义猜测题的解题技巧。
一、通过上下文语境猜测词义上下文语境是猜测词义最常用也是最有效的方法之一。
在阅读过程中,我们可以通过前后的句子、段落来推断生词的含义。
例如,如果生词前后出现了解释说明的语句,那么这些语句往往能帮助我们理解词义。
比如:“The term ‘ecosystem’ refers to a communityof living organisms and their environment ”在这个句子中,“refers to”后面的内容就是对“ecosystem”这个词的解释,即“生态系统是指生物群落及其环境”,从而我们可以理解“ecosystem”的意思。
再比如,有时候上下文会通过对比、类比的方式来暗示生词的词义。
如果文中提到“A is different from B B is known as a kind of vehicle, whileA is a tool used for writing ”那么我们就可以推测出 A 可能是某种书写工具。
此外,上下文的逻辑关系也能为词义猜测提供线索。
比如因果关系、转折关系等。
如果文中说“Although he was very tired, he still insisted on working ”通过“although”所表示的转折关系,我们可以猜测“insisted on”可能有“坚持”的意思。
二、利用构词法猜测词义英语中有很多单词是通过构词法构成的,了解常见的构词法可以帮助我们猜测词义。
前缀和后缀是常见的构词元素。
比如“un”“dis”“in”等前缀通常表示否定;“ful”“less”“able”“ous”等后缀可以改变单词的词性和意思。