2021届高考英语一轮复习-高中英语语法专题之非谓语动词(过去分词)
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at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。 (1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱
过这首歌。（过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作 heard；）
(2) He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家 乡变化很大。（过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作 found）
4 A___,but he still couldn’t understand it .
A He had been told many times B Having been told many times C Told many times D Although he had been told many times
得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
【注意】written 为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写 的，而且已经被写。 值得注意的是，有些过去分词因来源 于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分 词及短语常见的有： lost （迷路）； seated （坐）； hidden （躲）； stationed （驻扎）； lost / absorbed in （沉溺于）； born （出身于）； dressed in （穿着）； tired of （厌烦）。
பைடு நூலகம்
B.C. looked; took
D. looking; taking
. You can make yourself _______ pretty
well if you keep on speaking the
language.
A.
understand
B. understood C.
understanding D. to understand
【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动 宾关系。
（二）使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。 1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。 (1) He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了。（被别人 偷去了） 2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如： (2) He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。 （自己的经 历）
解析：答案D。know与words，expressions ，phrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表 示被动。
过去分词作状语
1. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。 (1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写
5 When first _B__to the market , these products
enjoyed great success . A introducing B introduced C introduce D being introduced
• 7_D___everywhere , the wolves had no where
2. What’s the language ___ in Germany?
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. be spoken D. to speak
简析: 该题应选B。测试过去分词作后 置定语表达被动,等于定语从句 which is spoken。
3. Most of the artists ____ to the party
___themselves .
• A Hunting / hiding B To hunt / to hide
• C Hunted / hiding D Hunted / to hide
过去分词作宾语补足语
（一）能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类： 1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look
A leave / send B left / to send
C left / send
D leaving / send
作介词but ,expect ,besides 的宾语，前 面又有实意动词 do时，不定式通常省去to
have nothing to do but do sth.
2. The manager discussed the plan that
(2) He is retired. 他已退休。
过去分词作定语
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是 它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表 被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表 完成。
1. 过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰 的名词之前。
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们 必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
(2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。
2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时 应注意人称一致。
(1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
were from South Africa.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited D. had been invited
The computer centre, ___ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
• Your hair wants/needs cutting • = Your hair needs to be cut .
•
• 2)
• 1.主语+be+形容词+不定式”句型中, • 形容词easy、difficult、heavy、hard、nice、
bitter、dangerous、interesting、important、 expensive、 comfortable、pleasant、impossible • 句中的主语又是不定式的逻辑宾语时，通常用不 定式主动形式表示被动意义 • ,例如: • That question is difficult to answer.
English as a foreign language came out
in the 16th century.
A.
having written B. to be written C.
being written D. written
简析: 该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置 定语表达被动,等于定语从句which were written。
. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _______ onlyDto people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known
A. open
B. opening
C. having opened D. opened
简析: 该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定 语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非限制性定 语从句“which was opened last year”代替。
. The first textbooks ____ for teaching
2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。
(1) I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 (2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 (3) Don’t leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。
they would like to see _______ the
next year.
A. carry out
B. carrying out
C. carried out
D. to carry out
1. The Olympic Games, ___ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing
They woke up, finding everything
around ________.
A. changing
B. change
C. changed
D. to change
非谓语主动形式表被动意义的几 种情况
• .表示被动含义的主动结构
• 1)动名词
• be worth , want ( 需要), need(需要), require(需要) • 后所用的动名词,必须用主动结构表示 被动意义,例如:
A Being founded
B It was founded
C Founded
D Founding
3 Unless _A_to speak ,you should remain silent at
the conference .
A invited
B inviting
C being invited D having invited
• Chickens ’ legs are nice to eat.
3).当不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词的宾语，而句子的主 语也是不定式的逻辑主语时。 : He bought some magazines to read . He has a family to support.
9. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse __B_
after her son and was pleased to see the boy
well ___ care of in the nursery.
A. looked; taken
B. looking; taken
2. 过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词 之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁， 多用于书面语中。
The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行 的音乐会大为成功。
There seemed to be nothing _C__to do but ___for the doctor .
非谓语动词的用法讲解 ：
过去分词的用法
过去分词作表语 过去分词作定语 过去分词作状语 过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作表语
1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被 动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示 完成。
(1) The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是 主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。
再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。（given 为过 去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I ，即 I 被再给一个小时。）
(2) Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮。（seen 为过去 分词作状语，表“被看”，由语境可知，它的逻辑 主语必须是城市，而不是“我们”，因为“我们” 应主动看城市。）
1 D____ time ,he will make a first-class tennis
player .
A Having given B To give C Giving D Given
2 C___in 1636 ,Harvard is one of the most famous
universities in the United States .
过这首歌。（过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作 heard；）
(2) He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家 乡变化很大。（过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作 found）
4 A___,but he still couldn’t understand it .
A He had been told many times B Having been told many times C Told many times D Although he had been told many times
得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
【注意】written 为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写 的，而且已经被写。 值得注意的是，有些过去分词因来源 于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分 词及短语常见的有： lost （迷路）； seated （坐）； hidden （躲）； stationed （驻扎）； lost / absorbed in （沉溺于）； born （出身于）； dressed in （穿着）； tired of （厌烦）。
பைடு நூலகம்
B.C. looked; took
D. looking; taking
. You can make yourself _______ pretty
well if you keep on speaking the
language.
A.
understand
B. understood C.
understanding D. to understand
【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动 宾关系。
（二）使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。 1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。 (1) He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了。（被别人 偷去了） 2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如： (2) He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。 （自己的经 历）
解析：答案D。know与words，expressions ，phrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表 示被动。
过去分词作状语
1. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。 (1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写
5 When first _B__to the market , these products
enjoyed great success . A introducing B introduced C introduce D being introduced
• 7_D___everywhere , the wolves had no where
2. What’s the language ___ in Germany?
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. be spoken D. to speak
简析: 该题应选B。测试过去分词作后 置定语表达被动,等于定语从句 which is spoken。
3. Most of the artists ____ to the party
___themselves .
• A Hunting / hiding B To hunt / to hide
• C Hunted / hiding D Hunted / to hide
过去分词作宾语补足语
（一）能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类： 1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look
A leave / send B left / to send
C left / send
D leaving / send
作介词but ,expect ,besides 的宾语，前 面又有实意动词 do时，不定式通常省去to
have nothing to do but do sth.
2. The manager discussed the plan that
(2) He is retired. 他已退休。
过去分词作定语
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是 它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表 被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表 完成。
1. 过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰 的名词之前。
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们 必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
(2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。
2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时 应注意人称一致。
(1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
were from South Africa.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited D. had been invited
The computer centre, ___ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
• Your hair wants/needs cutting • = Your hair needs to be cut .
•
• 2)
• 1.主语+be+形容词+不定式”句型中, • 形容词easy、difficult、heavy、hard、nice、
bitter、dangerous、interesting、important、 expensive、 comfortable、pleasant、impossible • 句中的主语又是不定式的逻辑宾语时，通常用不 定式主动形式表示被动意义 • ,例如: • That question is difficult to answer.
English as a foreign language came out
in the 16th century.
A.
having written B. to be written C.
being written D. written
简析: 该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置 定语表达被动,等于定语从句which were written。
. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _______ onlyDto people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known
A. open
B. opening
C. having opened D. opened
简析: 该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定 语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非限制性定 语从句“which was opened last year”代替。
. The first textbooks ____ for teaching
2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。
(1) I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 (2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 (3) Don’t leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。
they would like to see _______ the
next year.
A. carry out
B. carrying out
C. carried out
D. to carry out
1. The Olympic Games, ___ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing
They woke up, finding everything
around ________.
A. changing
B. change
C. changed
D. to change
非谓语主动形式表被动意义的几 种情况
• .表示被动含义的主动结构
• 1)动名词
• be worth , want ( 需要), need(需要), require(需要) • 后所用的动名词,必须用主动结构表示 被动意义,例如:
A Being founded
B It was founded
C Founded
D Founding
3 Unless _A_to speak ,you should remain silent at
the conference .
A invited
B inviting
C being invited D having invited
• Chickens ’ legs are nice to eat.
3).当不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词的宾语，而句子的主 语也是不定式的逻辑主语时。 : He bought some magazines to read . He has a family to support.
9. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse __B_
after her son and was pleased to see the boy
well ___ care of in the nursery.
A. looked; taken
B. looking; taken
2. 过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词 之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁， 多用于书面语中。
The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行 的音乐会大为成功。
There seemed to be nothing _C__to do but ___for the doctor .
非谓语动词的用法讲解 ：
过去分词的用法
过去分词作表语 过去分词作定语 过去分词作状语 过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作表语
1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被 动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示 完成。
(1) The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是 主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。
再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。（given 为过 去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I ，即 I 被再给一个小时。）
(2) Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮。（seen 为过去 分词作状语，表“被看”，由语境可知，它的逻辑 主语必须是城市，而不是“我们”，因为“我们” 应主动看城市。）
1 D____ time ,he will make a first-class tennis
player .
A Having given B To give C Giving D Given
2 C___in 1636 ,Harvard is one of the most famous
universities in the United States .