口译笔记符号及数字口译
口译笔记常用符号
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‖
渠道;channel, tunnel, tube, pipe, ditch, duct, …
发展;development, advancement, …
开放;opening, …
∟
过去;in the past, long before, past time, …
grad
毕业生;graduates
doc
医生;doctor
demo
示范,表演;demonstration
(七)逻辑符号
)或(
并列项
/
意群停顿处
↙
连接符,回指核心处
[ ]
状语成分,依据,根据…
改编自吴钟明.《英语口译笔记法实战指导》.
武汉大学出版社
info
信息,消息;information
infra
基础建设;infrastructure
nz
新闻;news
tho
尽管;though, although
tr
贸易;trade
tx
税收;tax, taxation
ag
农业;agriculture
rec
娱乐;recreation
gym
体育馆;gymnasium
→
去,到,走;to, go (there)…
↑
增加,提升,提高,升级,升值;increase, improve, enhance, grow, lift, promote…
↓
减少,下降,降低,贬值;decline, decrease, reduce, degrade, lower, diminish, …
口译笔记速记符号归总---笔记符号汇总哈,很关键,可以结合实际自行改良
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口译笔记速记符号归总---笔记符号汇总哈,很关键,可以结合实际自行改良.txt3努力奋斗,天空依旧美丽,梦想仍然纯真,放飞自我,勇敢地飞翔于梦想的天空,相信自己一定做得更好。
4苦忆旧伤泪自落,欣望梦愿笑开颜。
5懦弱的人害怕孤独,理智的人懂得享受孤独口译笔记速记符号归总目录[1].Note-taking symbols and abbreviations[2].关于缩略词[3].关于字母和图像[4].用箭头、数字符号、标点符号来表示1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily.A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
最全口译笔记符号
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∽
1.关联
Link to, connect with, relate to, associate with
2.替代
Replace, displace, supplant, substitute, instead of, take the place of
∞
1.交流,交换
Exchange, interact, communicate
众说纷纭,若干说法
Various opinions
1.听listen to
2.开放be open to
改革开放
爱,关心
Love, concern, care about
吓唬,威胁Scare, threatn←1.来come
2.收到receive
3.需要,缺少need, require, want, be short of
□^°
国家领导人,政府首脑state leader
宏观调控macro-control
首都capital city
1.重要
Important, significant, key, critical, crucial, essential, vital, eventful, principal, core, of great importance/significance/consequence
:
说
Tell, state, announce, express, claim, address, declare, argue, vow, explain, introduce, report
开:
开罗宣言Cairo Manifesto
√:
赞扬speak highly of, praise
口译符号的一些记法1
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口译符号的一些记法比较多用的速记符号:1. 数学符号。
如 :" 十 " 号可以表示 " 还有、和、此外、而且、以及、加上,加快,正面的,积极的,强" 等进一层的意思and, plus, extra, excessive, apart from, in addition to, more over, further (more), even, strong ,accelerate, speed up, 正面的positive 积极的active, proactive, vigorous,‘一 " 号可以表示 " 减少、除去、不会、没有,减慢,减弱,弱,负面的,缺少,不足,不够 " 等退让的意思。
Except, slow down, weaken, weak, negative ,lack,insufficient, not adequate " × " 号可以表示 " 错误、不行、没有、反对, 不接受,拒绝,不承认,不同意,不好,不利,禁止 " 等否定的意思。
Mistake, wrong, unbenefited, not practical, not viable, bad, reject, disagree, disapprove, object, unpermitted, unable, not have the capacity to,disadvantage, prohibit, ban, forbid‘ =" 号可以表示 " 等于、相当于、一样, 公平,平等, " 等相等程度 ( 量 ) 的意思。
Equal, fair, the same as, as…as,"V" 号可以表示 " 正确、同意、好 t 著名 ,可以,可行的,有权,允许" 等肯定、赞扬的意思。
口译用的速记符号
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常用速记符号大于>小于<小于或等于≤大于或等于≥等于、意味着= 不等于≠约等于≈遗憾、悲哀; 高兴、荣兴( 错误、否、不、否定×正确、对、好、肯定√不同意N 同意Y 上升、增加↑下降、减少↓强、好+更强、更好++弱、差-更弱、更差――因为∵所以∴优秀★属于↔胜利V 问题、疑问?和、与&结论是=>将来; 过去< 促进、发展↗一方面·/ 另一方面/·关系·/·原因←导致、结果→对立、冲突>< 波折<<会议、会面⊙进入∩接触、交往∞分歧⊥非常、十分重要** 坚持≡关键!奇观! 有关@ 替换为∽但是‖与……比较而言∥空洞○代表△口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。
记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。
人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。
顾名思义,短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆,长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。
影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多,其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。
做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点,切忌求记“全”。
口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充,不应也不必取代记忆。
口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系(如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等),笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2.口译笔记求快求精,但不可潦草。
3.口译笔记可使用来源语,也可使用目标语,也可以双语兼用。
只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性,不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。
例如,“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。
4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语,例如:cf(compare), Co(company), eg(for example), etc(and so on), es p(especially), ie(that is), max(maximum), min(minimum), ref(reference), std(standard), usu(usually),等。
口译速记符号及范例
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口译速记符号及范例
在口译速记中,使用了各种符号来代表不同的词语、词组和信息。
以下是一些常见的口译速记符号及其范例:
1. 单词/词组的缩写:
- 例如:govt(government),UN(United Nations),intro (introduction)
2. 数字:
- 例如:2(two),15(fifteen),3.2%(three point two percent)
3. 符号表示特定含义:
- 例如:∴(therefore),≠(not equal to),±(plus or minus)
4. 词语/词组的简化形式:
- 例如:info(information),conf(conference),rep (report)
5. 声音的表示:
- 例如:/kæt/(cat),/əˈsaɪst/(assist)
6. 常用的速记符号:
- 例如:箭头(表示方向或变化),圆圈(表示重要或突出),斜线(表示取消或过时)
7. 符号的组合和结构:
- 例如:↑(上升),↓(下降),→(发展),←(反对)
8. 表示固定短语或俚语的符号:
- 例如:BFF(best friends forever),TGIF(Thank God it's Friday)
请注意,以上仅为一些常见的例子,实际上口译速记符号有很多种,各口译员可能会根据个人习惯和需求进行一些定制或修改。
使用哪些符号以及如何使用符号,都取决于个人风格和技巧。
口译符号笔记范例训练
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口译符号笔记范例训练
在口译工作中,符号笔记是一种常见的工具,用于帮助口译员快速记录讲话者的主要观点和信息。
以下是一个口译符号笔记的范例训练:
1. 符号:→
含义:表示因果关系或逻辑关系,后面的内容是由前面的内容引起的。
2. 符号:↑
含义:表示增加、提高或增长的趋势。
3. 符号:↓
含义:表示减少、降低或下降的趋势。
4. 符号:=
含义:表示等于或相同的含义。
5. 符号:≠
含义:表示不等于或不同的含义。
6. 符号:+
含义:表示增加或添加的含义。
7. 符号:-
含义:表示减少或删除的含义。
8. 符号:△
含义:表示重要或值得注意的点。
9. 符号:√
含义:表示正确或合适的含义。
10. 符号:×
含义:表示错误或不合适的含义。
11. 符号:□
含义:表示待填写或待确认的空白。
12. 符号:▲
含义:表示上升或上升趋势。
13. 符号:▼
含义:表示下降或下降趋势。
14. 符号:○
含义:表示待确认的点或需要进一步了解的含义。
15. 符号:∆
含义:表示改变或变化的含义。
这些符号可以根据个人习惯进行调整和扩展,方便口译员在备忘录或记号本上快速记录和理解演讲者的内容。
通过反复的训练和实践,口译员可以逐渐提高自己的符号笔记速度和准确度。
口译速记符号整理(笔记符号整理)
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口译笔记速记符号:(1)Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for reference:Abbreviations in Note taking: Use only the abbreviations that fit the needs.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding “s”.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse “g” to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center forAerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable ofthe word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/(2)字母、图像:Z 表示"人"people/person,因为"Z"看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
口译笔记符号含解释
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⼝译笔记符号含解释⼝译笔记符号原则:学会⼀字等于⼀句,看⼀字想⼀句,看⼀句知⼀句。
⼀. 地名简写常⽤国名的记录⽅法应常记⼼中,借助“|-”来表⽰东、西、南、北、中等⽅位.⼆. 货币简写①数字全⽤阿拉伯数字代替②000:,例如,65000:65,; 7000000:7,, 1978: ’78三.时间简写四.度量衡五. 缩略词缩略词的写法⼀般为四种⽅式:拿掉所有元⾳、保留前⼏个字母、保留开头和结尾个发⾳字母、根据发⾳六.较长单词的处理办法-ism 简写为m例如:socialism Sm-tion 简写为n例如:standardization (标准化) stdn -cian 简写为o 例如:technician techo-ing 简写为g 例如:marketing (市场营销) MKTg-ed 简写为 d 例如:accepted acptd-ment 简写为mt 例如:amendment amdmt-able/ible/ble 简写为bl 例如:available avbl-ful 简写为fl 例如:meaningful mnfl七.字母、图像、符号o表⽰“⼈”people/person,因为“o”看上去像个⼈头,它通常被写在⼀个词或符号的右上⾓。
例如:⽇本⼈:Jo。
C 表⽰政府,统治:government,govern。
希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就⽤C来表⽰govern, government。
governmental official 可以表⽰为CZ。
P 表⽰政治:politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。
那么politician就可以表⽰为PZ。
G 表⽰效率:efficient, effective。
G为效率符号。
Q 表⽰“通货膨胀”:inflation 因为这个符号酷似⼀个上升的⽓球。
A 表⽰农业: agriculture. agriculture经常⽤到,所以⽤⾸字母代替。
口译笔记常用符号及缩略语-new
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因形状看起来像酒杯,表示值得庆祝的“协议”、“协定”、“条约”或“合同”(agreement, accord, treaty, contract)。因此,“双边协议”、“三边协议”或者“多边协议”就可以分别在∪里面加上2、3或者m(多)。
$
表示“金钱”、“财富”(money, wealth)
∞
交流、交换、关系、相互的(communication, relationship, relation, partnership, interrelation, communicate, exchange, interchange, interact, each other)
˚
表示“人”(person, people),因为它看起来像个人头。一般不单独用,而是用在单词、符号或者字母的右上角,比如“中国人”可以写成“中˚”,“美国人”(US˚),“政客/政治家”(政˚),“老师”(T˚或者教˚)
因为看起来像圆形的会议桌,所以常用来表示“会议、开会、讨论或谈判”等,或者会议性的机构。
口译笔记常用符号及缩略语
1.常用符号
(1)数学符号
数学符号
可代替的意思
+
加上、和、另外、除此之外(plus, and, inadditionto)
-
减去、缺乏/少(minus, lack,in short of/ in shortage of,etc)
×
错误、不、坏的(wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative,not,etc.)
加在动词下表示“过去的动作”、“……过”或“……了”;加在表示时间的数字下面表示“过去……年/月天(last, past)”
∧
口译笔记符号大汇总(超全整理版_方便直接背诵).doc
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1口译笔记符号大汇总二. 货币简写2年底49 20年以后20y| century C since/ever since ┠uo to now/ until ┫in. centimeter cm foot ft minimeter mm knot kt mile mi acre A nautical mile nm五. 缩略词34You U Your UR Will WL WeekWKWeightWT-ism m socialismSm -tion n standardization (标准化) stdn -cian o techniciantecho -ing g marketing (市场营销) MKTg -ed d accepted acptd -able/ible/ble bl available avbl -ment mt amendment amdmt -ize z recognize regz -fulflmeaningfulmnfl七.字母、图像、符号568二、字母、图像Z 表示人people/person,因为Z看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
例如:日本人:JZ。
C 表示政府,统治:government,govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。
governmental official 可以表示为CZP 表示政治:politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。
那么politician 就可以表示为PZE 表示总数:total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。
G 表示效率:efficient, effective。
口译笔记符号大汇总(超全整理版_方便直接背诵)
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口译笔记符号大汇总一. 地名简写原词速记符号原词速记符号Korea K Sweden SD Switzerland SW东西南北中等方位“|-”the Republic of Korea(南朝鲜)ROK“K”the DemocraticPeople’s Republic ofKorea(北朝鲜)DPRK“_K”Eastern Germany (东德)“G|”Western Europe(西欧)“|EU”二. 货币简写原词速记符号原词速记符号Sterling/pound£US dollar$Renminbi/RMB¥Australian dollars#AAustrian schillings Sch Canadian dollars Can$ Eurodollar€New Zealand dollars NZ$ Japanese yen円三.时间简写原词速记符号原词速记符号hour hr minute’second’’morning m afternoon a evening/night/tonight ntoday d yesterday.dthe day before yesterday”d tomorrow d’the day after tomorrow d’ ’day by day/everyday ddlast night’n next morning m’this week w the week before last”wMonday1w Tuesday2wWednesday3w Thursday4wFriday5w Saturday6wSunday7w this month mJanuary1m February2mMarch3m April4mMay5m June6mJuly7m August8m September9m October10m November11m December12dmtwo month ago.2m this year ytwo year later y2.1949年前/491949年后49/1949年底4920年以后20y|century Csince/ever since┠uo to now/ until┫四.度量衡原词速记符号原词速记符号meter m inch in. centimeter cm foot ftminimeter mm knot ktmile mi acre Anautical mile nm五. 缩略词原词速记符号原词速记符号Apartment APT Accountant ACC According ACDG Accept ACPT Advertisement AD Address ADS aircraft AC at least ALAdvice ADV Approve APVas soon as possible ASAP As much/many as possible AMAPare R Amount AMT Building BLDG Balance BAL Cancel CNCL Conference CNF carbon copy cc care of c/o Conform CFM Commission CMI Complete CMP Concern/concerning/concerned CONC Condition COND Communication CMU Compete/competitive CMPE Certificate CERT Company CO.Departure DPT Discount DISC Department DEPT Extent EXT Exchange EXCH Explain EXPLN Extra large XL Final FNT Flight FLT For your reference FYR Freight FRT Guarantee GUAR Good GD Home office H.O.Interested INTST Information INFO important IMPI owe you IOU In stead of I/OIn view of IVO Include IINCD insurance INS Impossible IMPS Individual INDIV Minimum MIN Market MKT Manufacture MANUF Message MSG manager MGR Model MDL Memorandum MEMO No later than NLT Necessary NCRY Ordinary ORD Observe OBS Obtain OBT Product PROD Patent PAT Packing PKG Please PLS People PLPiece PC Position POSNPossible POSS(BL)Quantity QUTYQuality QLTY room RMRegular REGL Representative REPReservation RESN Repeat RPTResponsible RESPON receive RCVReference REF Situation SITNStandard STD Section SECThough THO TGM TelegraphThanks TKS Telephone TELTrade TRD through THRUTemporary TEMP Traffic TRFTotal TTL You UYour UR Will WLWeek WK Weight WT六.较长单词的处理办法词尾缩写原词速记符号-ism m socialism Sm-tion n standardization (标准化)stdn-cian o technician techo-ing g marketing (市场营销)MKTg-ed d accepted acptd-able/ible/ble bl available avbl-ment mt amendment amdmt-ize z recognize regz-ful fl meaningful mnfl七.字母、图像、符号原词速记符号原词速记符号people/person人o右上角Janpanese日本人JPoGovernment/govern C 政府Governmental official CZPolitics/political P 政治politician PZEfficient/effective G 效率inflation Q 通货膨胀victory,/win/success V 胜利Leader/head T 领导人agriculture/agriculture A 农业business B 商业conflict/confrontation C× 冲突/矛盾work/employ W 工作/职业industry/industrial i 工业treaty/agreement U 合同/协议bilateral(双边的)U内填入2trilateral (三边的)U内填入3 Unilateralism(单边主义)U内填入1Multiple(多边主义)U内填入m谈判破裂U上加一个“/”country/state/nation□国家/民族/领土Import进口gO outport出口Ogchair/ host/preside over Z主持/主办Chairman/host Z°主席、主持人contact, exchanges:∞联系fishery∞捕鱼业head of government/ company CTinternational/worldwide/global/universal ○国际的/世界的/全球的as we all know/ as is known to all/as you have already heard of EO 听到/众所周之meeting/conference/negotiation/seminar/discussion/symposium⊙会议/开会pleasant/joyful/happy/excitedJ 开心/高兴/荣幸/好现象unsatisfied/discomfort/angry/sadL 生气/难过/悲伤/忧虑/不满indifferent/apathetic/unconcern/ don’t care much O 漠不关心/无动于衷total/totally/entire/entirely/onthe whole/all in all/to sum up∑总值/总数go into/arrive at/give to/sendto/present to g→到达/传达lead to/result in/in thedirection of→导致/引导come/go back to/originate←追溯到be/come from/return/receivefromf←自于launch/open/start↗发射/投放市场/发行develop/strengthen/promote/boost,/improve/enhance↑发展/加强/推进up/upward/rise/increase/h↑上升ups and downs/twists and << 波折arise/ascend turns/roller coastersubmit to↓屈服exchange/mutual n交流a match /rival /competitor/counterpart/against VS对手many/lots of/a great deal of/agood many of/plus+ 多/加之/加上/补充more++/+2多的比较级most+3 多的最高级little/few/lack/in short of/be inshortage of/minus -少/减去/除去about/around/orso/approximately≈大约bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than > 大于/多于/好于/优于less/smaller< 小于/少于/差于/劣于superior to/surpass∧高inferior to∨低among/within( ) 在...之间but yet however∧转折cross out/eliminate/ 否定/消除question/issue? 问题/疑惑/难题wonder/miracle/pay attesion to!惊叹/特别注意matchless/peerless无敌say/speak/talk/marks/announce/declare : 说/认为/希望end/stop/halt/bring sth to astandstill/stop∥结束right/good/famous/well-known√对/正确/好的wrong/incorrect/somethingbad/notorious/negative× 错误/失误/坏stand up for/support/ agree withsb/certain/ affirmativeY同意not agree/disagree N不同意thought*想法/重要的/优秀的important/best/outstanding/brilliant☆重要的very/extremely__ 强调程度under the circumstance ̄在…的条件/情况下means/that is to say/in otherwords/the same as/be equal to =即/等于/相当于/同等be different from≠不同/不等于/不相当/不是and/together with/along &和/与belong to∈属于with/accompany/alongwith/further morebasis of/ perpendicular/ isperpendicular to ⊥ …的基础therefore/so/as a result/consequently∴所以/结果because/because of/due to∵因为/由于/多亏hear/listen○3听说about@关于parallel// water H2O for4to2without w/o with w/plus or minus±times x so on, etc, and so forth ···divided by÷circle, circumference○degree℃ellipse0 percent%diameterθper thousand‰triangle, delta △between|.|inside/ within/include/ among,( ) maintaining peace and stability: ◎Empty Oas always/hold on,/persist/ insist on ≡一直/总是/一贯pressure/influence⊥(竖线为向下箭头)On the other hand/or/ 或者right angle∟Representative/delegation/ delegation △ocean/sea/river/lake/brook/stream∽江河湖海水hills/mountainω山climb the mountainω上加一点·山水之间ω∕∽before/beyond/in front of·|above/on/over~上加一点·below/beneath/under~下加一点·table/desk/house/building/bed︹桌/凳/床/楼/房在椅子上︹上加一短横在桌子下︹下加一短横look/ look after/ look into/investigate/witness⊙资本主义资’四个现代化4mpeace-keeping维p第三世界3w。
口译笔记符号大汇总(超全整理版)
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5
submit to
↓ 屈服
exchange/mutual
n 交流
a match /rival /competitor/ VS 对手
counterpart/against
many/lots of/a great deal of/a + 多/加之/加上/补
good many of/plus
充
more
PZ Q 通货膨胀 T 领导人 B 商业 W 工作/职业 U 合同/协议 U 内填入 3 U 内填入 m □ 国家/民族/领土
Import 进口 chair/ host/preside over contact, exchanges:
gO Z 主持/主办 ∞ 联系
head of government/ company CT
from
↗ 发射/投放市 develop/strengthen/promote/
场/发行
boost,/improve/enhance
↑ 发展/加强/推进
up/upward/rise/increase/ arise/ascend
h↑ 上升
ups and downs/twists and << 波折
turns/roller coaster
U
Your
UR
Will
WL
Week
WK
Weight
WT
六.较长单词的处理办法
词尾
缩写
原词
速记符号
-ism
m
-tion
n
socialism
Sm
standardization (标准化) stdn
-cian
o
-ing
口译速记符号及范例
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口译速记符号及范例
在口译过程中,速记是一种非常重要的技能,可以帮助译员更快速、准确地记录和传达信息。
以下是一些常用的口译速记符号及范例,供译员参考。
1.缩写符号
缩写符号是指将一个词或短语的首字母缩写成一个速记符号。
例如:
UN(联合国)
OPEC(石油输出国组织)
VIP(要人)
2.数字速记符号
数字速记符号可以用来表示数量、时间、日期等。
例如:
2000—至今:表示从2000年到现在。
|:用一条线表示一个时间段或过程。
例如:“from 2000—to date”表示从2000年到现在。
1,2,3,…):或递减(10,9,8,…)。
例如:第一名、最后一名等。
3.比较关系速记符号
使用大于(>)和小于(<)符号来表示比较关系。
例如:
5(>5):表示大于5。
小于3(<3):表示小于3。
4.加减运算速记符号
在进行加减运算时使用加号(+)和减号(-)。
例如:
5+3=8(5加3等于8)。
5.百分比速记符号
在表示百分比时使用百分号(%)。
例如:
50%(百分之五十):表示50/100。
6.特殊符号及用法。
口译笔记法
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↑:表示“增长,扩大,提高,加强,上涨,提拔”等意义相连的意思;↓:表示“下跌,下降,减少,恶化,降职”等意思;←:表示“源于,进口,收到,回归”等意思;→:表示“出口,输出,打入,出国,到达,屈服于,导致”等意义。
数学符号“+”: 表示“加上,另外,除此之外”;“-”:表示“减去,缺乏等”;“×”表示“不对的,错的,坏的,臭名昭著的”;“∵”表示“由于,因为”;“∴”则表示“所以,因此,结果”等。
“:”表示“问题,疑问,问等”意思;“。
”可以用来表示“观点,意见,论点,难点等”。
举例说“我想说几点”就可以用符号表示为“I:几。
”。
而且“。
”还可以用来表示不同的时间概念,如“去年”可以表示为“。
y”,而明天则为“d。
”;“()”则表示“包括;封闭;在…之内”等意思。
“√”可以表示“正确;好;有名的;同意”等;“⊙”可以代表“会议;研讨会;讨论;谈判”等与会议有关的词汇;因为符号的形状很容易让人联想到开会的桌子。
“o”可以代表“人”;如“科学家”就可以记为“So”;“∧”可以表示“领导,管理”,因此,如“领导人”就可以结合上面的符号记为“∧o”;“#”代表讲话的结束;“﹠”表示“和谁…在一起,陪同”等意思;“△”则可以表示“代表”;“□”代表“国家”,而“﹥﹤”可以表示“对立,冲突”等意思的词汇。
UN:联合国;APEC:亚太经合组织;UNESCO:联合国教科文组织;CPC:中国共产党;CPPCC:政协;PICC:中国人民保险公司;FDI:外国直接投资;IT:信息产业实际上,从1971年到1998年,由于中国实行计划生育政策,中国减少了 3.38亿人口。
这相当于美国和加拿大两国人口的总合,也相当于整个欧盟15国人口的总和。
而且我国的人均国民生产总值上升到世界的第7位。
如果不实现计划生育,恐怕会是倒数第7位。
而印度目前有9个亿。
据专家测算,按他们目前这种人口增长率,到2050年,他们的人口就会超过我们中国。
口译常用的笔记符号汇总
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口译常用的笔记符号汇总一、前言口译笔记是一种有效的辅助工具,能够帮助译员记录关键信息,提高翻译的准确性和效率。
正确的笔记可以帮助译员在紧张的口译环境中保持清晰思维,避免因遗忘或疏忽而造成的错误。
本篇文档旨在汇总口译过程中常用的笔记符号,以便译员在实践中参考和使用。
二、笔记符号说明1.缩写词:用字母、数字等简洁形式记录单词或短语,如“u”代表“under”,“m”代表“meeting”。
2.符号:用各种符号记录概念、观点、人名等,如“△”代表“注意”,“☆”代表“重要”。
3.符号组合:将多个符号组合使用,表达更复杂的含义,如“⊙”+“b”+“√”代表“乙方已确认”。
4.线条:用线条记录时间和空间信息,如“↑”代表时间推进,“●”代表地点。
5.特殊符号:用特殊符号记录特殊概念或情况,如“*”代表突发情况,“#”代表需要特别关注的人或事。
6.标注:在单词、短语或句子旁边添加注释,如“注意语法”、“需要核实信息”。
三、笔记符号分类1.词汇类:包括名词、动词、形容词、副词等基本词汇的记录,如“公司”、“讨论”、“热情”、“快速”。
2.句式类:包括常用句型、表达方式、习惯用语的记录,如“如果…就…”,“预期效果是…”。
3.人名地名类:包括人名、地名等专有名词的记录,如“张三”、“北京”、“上海”。
4.特殊符号类:包括数字、货币、度量衡等特殊概念的记录,如“100元”,“50公斤”。
5.时间空间类:包括时间、日期、星期、月份、季节、天气等空间信息的记录,如“今天星期四”,“会议在会议室进行”。
四、常见笔记符号示例1.缩写词示例:“d=day,n=night,e=email”2.符号示例:“▲=减慢速度,●=暂停”,“※=重要信息”,“$=货币符号”,“※+手+√=手记确认”3.符号组合示例:“※+笔+√=需要记录的信息”,“●+椅子+√=休息地点”4.标注示例:“√=已同意”,“?=需要进一步确认”,“↑=增加音量”,“↓=降低音量”5.时间空间示例:“↑9:00”,“↓会议室”,“#主席台”五、总结口译过程中,正确的笔记可以帮助译员快速记录关键信息,提高翻译效率。
纯干货—英语口译笔记符号!
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纯干货—英语口译笔记符号!整理/涟漪花了几天整理的英语口译笔记符号,在简书编辑的时候,发现我在Word里面画的图形都不能复制过来,那可以是我花了大量时间做好的,就只能留着自己用啦,哈哈哈......以下为非图形部分,希望对想学英语口译的朋友们有所帮助。
我也是才开始学习,能分享的不多,大家加油。
(一)、数学符号∵:because, due to, thanks to…∴:so, therefore, consequently…=:the same as, equal to, agree…≠:difference, disparity, dispute, disagreement, divergence…≈:about, almost, nearly, similar…>:surpass, exceed, more than, superior to…<:less than, inferior to…+:plus, moreover, b esides, add, more…-:minus, deduct, except…:action, act, implement, carry out, conduct, execute, finish,complete, fulfill…[ ]:among, within…∈:belong to…×:① mistake, wrong, bad, notorious ② no, refuse, decline, rebuff…√:① correct, affirmative, precise,accurate, right ② done…(二)、常用符号::think, hear, look, say, see, express…:problem, question, problem, issue, ask, puzzle, query, confused, mystery, bewildered…!:watch out, dangerous, warning, heed, alarming, alert, hazardous, perilous, jeopardy...:mess age, information, intelligence…~:trade, exchange, communication, relationship…_:underline, emphasize, highlight, pay attention to…e.g.:for example, such as, for instance…)(:confrontation, conflict, faced with…$:dollar, currency, cash, coin, income, salary, wage, money, rich,well-off, expensive, cost…¥:value, benefit, worthy…4:accident, event,incident…#:only, just...×#:not only...→:go, come, arrive…(三)、偏旁或部首文:①school, college, university ②culture, civilization…:study, learn...。
口译笔记符号大全
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口译笔记符号大全
口译笔记符号没有统一的标准,以下是一些常见的口译笔记符号:
1. 阿拉伯数字:用来表示数量或者时间。
例如:3表示三;20表示二十。
2. 英文字母:用来表示人名、地名、机构名等专有名词。
例如:USA表示
美国;UN表示联合国。
3. 汉字简化:用来表示中文词汇,简化后的字更容易书写和记忆。
例如:资表示资源;产表示产业。
4. 符号:用来表示某种含义或者概念。
例如:↑表示增加;↓表示减少;→表示导致;←表示源于。
5. 图形:用来表示某种形状或者结构。
例如:方形表示矩形;圆形表示圆形;三角形表示三角形。
这些符号可以根据个人的习惯和需要进行选择和调整,最重要的是自己能够理解和记忆。
口译笔记速记符号归总---笔记符号汇总哈,很关键,可以结合实际自行改良
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口译笔记速记符号归总目录[1].Note-taking symbols and abbreviations[2].关于缩略词[3].关于字母和图像[4].用箭头、数字符号、标点符号来表示1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that yo u will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by addings.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, orname is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information T echnology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualT o distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form arecognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
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矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。