精读Unit1 语言点

Language Points

1. realm: n. a country ruled over by a king or queen; a general area of knowledge, activity, or thought

e.g. The king had to call representatives of different classes of the realm into

consultation upon the national economic crisis.

T: The movie has brought children to a realm of imagination.

影片将孩子们带入了幻想的王国。

Collocations:

public realm 公众领域

e.g. He always projects an image of success in public realm.

T: 他总是以成功人士的形象出现在公众面前。

within the realms of possibility 有可能的

It was actually within the realms of possibility.

T: 这是完全有可能的。

2. interact: vi. if people or things interact with each other, they affect each other

e.g. Lucy interacts well with other children in the class.

T: 所有事物都是互相联系又互相作用的。

All things are interrelated and interact with each other.

3. transform: vt. to completely change the appearance, form, or character of something or someone, especially in a way that improves it

e.g. Increased population has transformed the landscape.

T: 这部戏几乎在一夜之间把她从一个不为人知的校园女生变成了演艺巨星。

The play transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a megastar.

CF: change, convert & transform这些动词均有“变化，改变”之意。

change 指任何变化，完全改变，强调与原先的情况有明显的不同。

convert指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。指信仰或态度时，强调较激烈、大的改变。

transform 指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变化，失去原状成为全新的东西。

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

(1) In order to transform their environment, he drew up the project.

(2) Carbon dioxide can be converted into oxygen through the agency of plant.

(3) Why do the leaves on trees change colour in autumn?

(4) He always attempts to convert others to a particular doctrine or belief.

4. convert: v. to change something into a different form of thing, or to change something so that it can be used for a different purpose or in a different way

e.g. They converted the spare bedroom into an office.

In the process, the light energy converts to heat energy.

T: 他成功地让我接受了他的观点。

He succeeded in converting me to his point of view.

5. subdue: vt. gain control of, esp. by defeating

e.g. For a century we laboured to settle and to subdue the continent.

T: 警方设法制服了愤怒的人群。

Police managed to subdue the angry crowd.

NB: 该词的过去分词subdued可作形容词，意为“柔和的，减弱的，无精打采的”。例如：

In the bar, there is subdued light and soft music.

Richard seems very subdued tonight.

6. discipline:

(1) vt. train or develop, esp. in obedience and self-control

e.g. Disciplining children takes patience and consistency.

T: 不同文化中对于孩子的训导方式是不一样的。

Different cultures have different ways of disciplining their children.

(2) n.

1) a way of training someone so that they learn to control their behaviour and obey rules

e.g. The book gives parents advice on discipline.

2) an area of knowledge or teaching

e.g. The information that has evolved in one discipline may permit exciting advancement in another.

T: 她对营销这门学科的实践知识和强烈的求知欲给我留下了深刻的印象。

I was greatly impressed by her practical knowledge of the discipline of marketing

and her strong desire to learn more.

Collocations: discipline problem纪律问题; discipline oneself自律; instill discipline into sb.灌输纪律观念

7. compel: vt.make (a person or thing) do sth., by force, moral persuasion, or orders that must be obeyed

e.g. Our minds are so constructed that they compel us to view the external world in only one way.

T: 法律要求雇主必须提供健康保险。

The law compels employers to provide health insurance.

CF: compel, force & oblige这些动词均含“迫使”之意。

compel指在法律、权力、力量或行动等的驱使下被迫而为。例如:

A parent may compel his child to do his lessons by threatening to suspend his allowance.

T: 家长可能会采用威胁暂停零用钱的办法迫使其子女学习。

force指用个人意志、权力、权威或暴力等，迫使他人改变看法或做本不愿做的事。例如:

Government troops have forced the rebels to surrender.

T: 政府军已经迫使叛乱者投降。

oblige 指由于生理或道德上的需要，促使某人做某事，也指有权威的人或机构迫使某人做某事，还可指在特定情况下被迫作出的反应。例如:

Circumstances had obliged him to sell the business.

T: 形势逼迫他卖掉公司。

8. transfer:

(1) v. move from one place, job, position, etc., to another

e.g. Michael transferred from Company 6 to the Security Service.